keepalived实现haproxy负载均衡高可用

keepalived实现haproxy负载均衡高可用

一、什么是keepalived

keepalived是集群管理中保证集群高可用的一个服务软件,其功能类似于heartbeat,用来防止单点故障。

二、keepalived如何实现故障切换

keepalived 服务工作时,主master节点会不断地向备用节点发送心跳信息,告诉backup节点自己还活着。当主节点发生故障时,就无法发送心跳了,于是会调用自身的接管程序,接管主节点的ip资源和服务。

三、keepalived重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能,分别是:

  • 管理LVS负载均衡软件
  • 实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
  • 作为系统网络服务的高可用性(failover)

四、keepalived实现haproxy负载均衡高可用部署

环境说明

主机名 IP地址 安装的服务 系统
master 192.168.183.135 haproxy、keepalived centos8
backup 192.168.183.136 haproxy、keepalived centos8
RS1 192.168.183.137 httpd centos8
RS2 192.168.183.138 nginx centos8

1、部署web界面

配置RS1

//修改主机名关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname RS1
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@RS1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@RS1 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

//配置yum源
[root@RS1 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2495  100  2495    0     0   9415      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  9379
[root@RS1 ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

//安装httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# dnf -y install httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# echo 'httpd' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@RS1 ~]# curl 192.168.183.137
httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128                    *:80                  *:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22               [::]:*         

配置RS2

//修改主机名关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname RS2
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@RS2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@RS2 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

//配置yum源
[root@RS2 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2495  100  2495    0     0  12729      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 12729
[root@RS2 ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

//安装nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# dnf install -y nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# echo 'nginx' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@RS2 ~]# curl 192.168.183.138
nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:80            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22               [::]:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:80               [::]:*        

2、部署haproxy负载均衡

配置master

//修改主机名关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

//下载haproxy软件包及所需依赖包
[root@master ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel wget vim

//创建用户
[root@master ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin haproxy

//解压软件包进行安装
[root@master ~]# tar -xf haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz 
[root@master ~]# cd haproxy-2.1.3
[root@master haproxy-2.1.3]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo |wc -l)  \
> TARGET=linux-glibc  \
> USE_OPENSSL=1  \
> USE_ZLIB=1  \
> USE_PCRE=1  \
> USE_SYSTEMD=1

[root@master haproxy-2.1.3]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy

//复制命令到/usr/sbin目录下
[root@master haproxy-2.1.3]# cp haproxy /usr/sbin/

//修改内核参数
[root@master haproxy-2.1.3]# cd
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

//修改配置文件
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    daemon
    maxconn 256
 
defaults
    mode http
    timeout connect 5000ms
    timeout client 50000ms
    timeout server 50000ms
 
frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers 

backend servers
    server web01 192.168.183.137:80
    server web02 192.168.183.138:80

//写service文件启动服务
[root@master ~]# cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service <<EOF
> [Unit]
> Description=HAProxy Load Balancer
> After=syslog.target network.target
>  
> [Service]
> ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg   -c -q
> ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/run/haproxy.pid
> ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
>  
> [Install]
> WantedBy=multi-user.target
> EOF

[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# systemctl start haproxy

//查看效果
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.135
httpd
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.135
nginx
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.135
httpd
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.135
nginx

配置backup

//修改主机名关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname backup
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@backup ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@backup ~]# setenforce 0
[root@backup ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

//下载haproxy软件包及所需依赖包
[root@backup ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel wget vim

//创建用户
[root@backup ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin haproxy

//解压软件包进行安装
[root@backup ~]# tar -xf haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz 
[root@backup ~]# cd haproxy-2.1.3
[root@backup haproxy-2.1.3]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo |wc -l)  \
> TARGET=linux-glibc  \
> USE_OPENSSL=1  \
> USE_ZLIB=1  \
> USE_PCRE=1  \
> USE_SYSTEMD=1

[root@backup haproxy-2.1.3]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy

//复制命令到/usr/sbin/目录下
[root@backup haproxy-2.1.3]# cp haproxy /usr/sbin/

//修改内核参数
[root@backup haproxy-2.1.3]# cd
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@backup ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

//修改配置文件
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    daemon
    maxconn 256
 
defaults
    mode http
    timeout connect 5000ms
    timeout client 50000ms
    timeout server 50000ms
 
frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers
 
backend servers
    server web01 192.168.183.137:80
    server web02 192.168.183.138:80

//写service文件启动服务
[root@backup ~]# cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service <<EOF
> [Unit]
> Description=HAProxy Load Balancer
> After=syslog.target network.target
>  
> [Service]
> ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg   -c -q
> ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/run/haproxy.pid
> ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
>  
> [Install]
> WantedBy=multi-user.target
> EOF

[root@backup ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start haproxy

//查看效果
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.183.136
httpd
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.183.136
nginx
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.183.136
httpd
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.183.136
nginx

//停掉backup端的haproxy
[root@backup ~]# systemctl stop haproxy

3、部署keepalived高可用

配置master

//安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install keepalived

//编辑配置文件启动服务
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
 
global_defs {
    
    
   router_id lb01
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    
    
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
    
    
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    
    
        192.168.183.250
    }
}
 
virtual_server 192.168.183.250 80 {
    
    
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
 
    real_server 192.168.183.135 80 {
    
    
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
    
    
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
 
    real_server 192.168.183.136 80 {
    
    
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
    
    
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

//查看vip
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7f:37:b0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.183.135/24 brd 192.168.183.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1034sec preferred_lft 1034sec
    inet 192.168.183.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:37b0/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

//vip访问web界面
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
httpd
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
nginx
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
httpd
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
nginx

配置backup

//安装keepalived
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install keepalived

//编辑配置文件启动服务
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
 
global_defs {
    
    
   router_id lb02
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    
    
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
    
    
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    
    
        192.168.183.250
    }
}
 
virtual_server 192.168.183.250 80 {
    
    
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
 
    real_server 192.168.183.135 80 {
    
    
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
    
    
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
 
    real_server 192.168.183.136 80 {
    
    
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
    
    
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start keepalived

4、编写脚本

配置master

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# cat check_hp.sh
#!/bin/bash
haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@master scripts]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start haproxy
        fi
  ;;
  backup)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop haproxy
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_hp.sh notify.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 148 Oct  9 20:57 check_hp.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 443 Oct  9 21:00 notify.sh

配置backup

[root@backup ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# scp [email protected]:/scripts/notify.sh .
The authenticity of host '192.168.183.135 (192.168.183.135)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:c/bKicNnB6SvIpxi/x93PuBCTI8v7FuwiL4pI+1R16w.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.183.135' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password: 
notify.sh                                     100%  443   528.7KB/s   00:00    
[root@backup scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 443 Oct  9 21:03 notify.sh

5、配置keepalived加入监控脚本

配置master

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
 
global_defs {
    
    
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script haproxy_check {
    
    		//添加这部分
    script "/scripts/check_hp.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    
    
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
    
    
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    
    
        192.168.183.250
    }

    track_script {
    
    			//及这部分
        haproxy_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.183.250"
}
 
virtual_server 192.168.183.250 80 {
    
    
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
 
    real_server 192.168.183.135 80 {
    
    
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
    
    
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
 
    real_server 192.168.183.136 80 {
    
    
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
    
    
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

配置backup

backup无需检测nginx是否正常,当升级为MASTER时启动nginx,当降级为BACKUP时关闭

[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
 
global_defs {
    
    
   router_id lb02
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    
    
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
    
    
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    
    
        192.168.183.250
    }

    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.183.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.183.250"		//增加着两条
}
 
virtual_server 192.168.183.250 80 {
    
    
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
 
    real_server 192.168.183.135 80 {
    
    
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
    
    
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
 
    real_server 192.168.183.136 80 {
    
    
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
    
    
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

6、检验

master端

[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
httpd
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
nginx
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7f:37:b0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.183.135/24 brd 192.168.183.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1609sec preferred_lft 1609sec
    inet 192.168.183.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:37b0/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop haproxy
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7f:37:b0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.183.135/24 brd 192.168.183.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1593sec preferred_lft 1593sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:37b0/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

backup端

[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:07:de:9b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.183.136/24 brd 192.168.183.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1541sec preferred_lft 1541sec
    inet 192.168.183.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe07:de9b/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
httpd
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
nginx
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
httpd
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.183.250
nginx

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_65998623/article/details/127234350