python爬虫 javascript动态数据 携程旅游 含源码

数据源分析

本次练手的网站是携程，主题是欧洲游，进入目标页面，点击js插件。没有的朋友可以去装一个。也可以设置浏览器关闭js

 原界面

禁用js后的界面

很多重要信息都不见了，这些内容就是js动态加载的。

上面我用的浏览器是火狐，因为装插件比较方便，下面换谷歌浏览器，分析方便。

目标界面-右键检查

在下面选择Network彩蛋

然后点击上面的刷新，拖动右边的长方形，拉到最下面，这样数据才能完全加载。

数据加载好后点击name排序，下面的文件都是刷新后加载的。找到我们要的数据文件。

可以看到储存在一个product文件中，preview是文件的人性化格式。

接下来就是获取这个文件了。爬虫原理就是模拟浏览器浏览。

点击Header查看文件的请求信息.。

本次主要使用一下信息。翻译一下就会明白都是什么

headers = {'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
           'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
           'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
           'User-Agent':' Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36',
           'Connection': 'keep-alive',
           'Referer': 'http://vacations.ctrip.com/tours/r-europe-120002'
           }

还需要一个formdata，有这些信息就可以获取js加载的文件了。

formdata = {
'params': [{"Id":1606014,"Bu":"GT","Did":1},{"Id":1742175,"Bu":"GT","Did":1},           {"Id":1729325,"Bu":"GT","Did":1},{"Id":19825554,"Bu":"GT","Did":1},{"Id":1606014,"Bu":"GT","Did":1}],
'keyword': '欧洲'
}

单个product文件获取代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import urllib
import urllib2
import re

url = "http://vacations.ctrip.com/tour-mainsite-vacations/api/product"
headers = {'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
           'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
           'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
           'User-Agent':' Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36',
           'Connection': 'keep-alive',
           'Referer': 'http://vacations.ctrip.com/tours/r-europe-120002'
           }
formdata = {
'params': [{"Id":0,"Bu":"GT","Did":1}],
'keyword': '欧洲'
}
formdata['params'][0]['Id'] = 1979857

data = urllib.urlencode(formdata)
request = urllib2.Request(url,data = data,  headers = headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
value = json.loads(response.read())
pattern = re.compile(r'\d+')

for item in value:
    print item["AdvanceBookingDays"] #观光天数
    print item["DepartureCityName"]  #出发城市名称
    print item["DestinationName"]    #目的地名称
    print pattern.search(item["Price"]).group()  #价格
    print item["ScheduleDesc"]       #班期
    print item["VendorName"]         #供应商名称
    print item["TravelCount"]        #观光客数量
    print item["Score"]              #评分
    print item["CommentCount"]       #点评数量

*然后这篇博客就结束啦，博主可以玩游戏啦？

当然没有，细心的小伙伴应该发现问题了，就是每个product文件的params是不同的。

每个params都包含了或多或少的json对象，每个对象都包含一个长长的不唯一的Id属性，聪明的小伙伴应该猜到了每一个json对象对应上面的一个旅游信息，那么这个Id是我的浏览器生成的吗，肯定不是，数据都是服务器传过来的。

进一步解析页面

用选择器选择旅游div，看他的源码，有一个叫data-params的属性包含了Id信息，而这个属性就在我们选中的div中。

幸好这一部分是静态的，我们Scrapy获取。首先创建一个scrapy项目，下面源码

item.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class DazhongItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pkgid = scrapy.Field()

middlewares.py

import scrapy
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
import random

class MyUserAgentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):
    def __init__(self, user_agent):
        self.user_agent = user_agent
    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
        return cls(
                user_agent = crawler.settings.get('MY_USER_AGENT')
            )
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        agent = random.choice(self.user_agent)
        request.headers['User-Agent'] = agent

setting.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
# Scrapy settings for dazhong project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'DzdpCrawl'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['DzdpCrawl.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'DzdpCrawl.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
MY_USER_AGENT = [
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",
    ]

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 10
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'dazhong.middlewares.DazhongSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
    'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
    'DzdpCrawl.middlewares.MyUserAgentMiddleware': 400,
}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'DzdpCrawl.pipelines.DazhongPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook

class DazhongPipeline(object):  # 设置工序一
    def __init__(self):
        self.wb = Workbook()
        self.ws = self.wb.active
        self.ws.append(['pkgid'])  # 设置表头
    def process_item(self, item, spider):  # 工序具体内容
        line = [item['pkgid']]  # 把数据中每一项整理出来
        self.ws.append(line)  # 将数据以行的形式添加到xlsx中
        self.wb.save('pkgid.xlsx')  # 保存xlsx文件
        return item
    def spider_closed(self, spider):
        self.file.close()

Dzdpspider.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from scrapy.http import Request
from ..items import DazhongItem
import json
import xlrd
import xlwt
from xlutils.copy import copy

class DzSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'dz'
    allowed_domains = ['vacations.ctrip.com']
    first_url = 'http://vacations.ctrip.com/tours/r-europe-120002/'
    last_url = 'p'
    filename = 'D:\python\DzdpScrpy\Allpkgid.json'
    list = []

    def start_requests(self):
        for i in range(1,101):
            url = self.first_url + self.last_url + str(i)
            yield Request(url,self.parse)


    def parse(self, response):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.body,'lxml')
        item = DazhongItem()
        for site in soup.find_all('div',class_='main_mod product_box flag_product '):
            try:
                str =  site.attrs['data-tracevalue']
                json_1 = json.loads(str)
                item['pkgid'] = json_1['pkgid']
                yield item
            except:
                pass

结果：

这下Id有了，接下来就是获取数据了。把Id从Excel表格中迭代出来，可以选择生成一个巨大的formdata,也可已从下面赋值，一个一个地取

Excel表格的操作可以看我的另一篇文章。

有问题留言，我尽力帮助

祝爬虫顺利~~~