Python爬虫实列：新浪微博热门话题

1.先找到数据所在的url

2.写代码获取数据，并保存

import requests
import time
import sys
import os
import xlwt, xlrd
import xlutils.copy

#传入要爬取的页数page,将获取的热门话题名称、类别、讨论数、阅读数存到二维列表中
def get_hot_topic(page):
    topic_list = []
    session = requests.session()
    for i in range(page):
        print("\n*****正在获取第{}页*****".format(i + 1))
        if i == 0:
            the_url = "https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=100803"
        if i == 1:
            the_url = "https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=100803&since_id=%7B%22page%22:2,%22next_since_id%22:6,%22recommend_since_id%22:[%22%22,%221.8060920078958E15%22,%221.8060920009434E15%22,0]%7D"
        else:
            the_url = "https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=100803&since_id=%7B%22page%22:{},%22next_since_id%22:{},%22recommend_since_id%22:[%22%22,%221.8060912084255E14%22,%221.8060920000515E15%22,0]%7D".format(i+1,6 + 14*(i-2))
        header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.140 Safari/537.36",
                  'Referer':'https://m.weibo.cn/p/index?containerid=100803',
                  'Host':'m.weibo.cn',
                 }
        try:
            r = session.get(the_url, headers = header)
            res = r.json()
        except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
            print("！！！网络连接出错，请检查网络！！！")   
        time.sleep(2)       
        
        for cards in res.get("data").get("cards"):
            #try:
            if cards.get("card_group") is None:
                continue
            for card in cards.get("card_group"):
                #print("***", card.get("title_sub"), card.get("category"), card.get("desc2"))
                title = card.get("title_sub")
                category = card.get("category")
                desc2 = card.get("desc2")
                if "超级话题" in desc2:
                    print("超级话题：", end = "")
                    scheme = card.get("scheme")
                    topic_id = scheme[scheme.index("=") + 1 : scheme.index("=") + 7]
                    topic_url = "https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid={}type%".format(topic_id)\
                                 + "3D1%26q%3D%23%E7%8E%8B%E4%BF%8A%E5%87%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%A4%90%E5%8E%"\
                                 + "85%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%AD%A3%23%26t%3D10&luicode=10000011&lfid="\
                                 + "100803&page_type=searchall"
                    r2 = session.get(topic_url)
                    res2 = r2.json()
                    desc2 = res2.get("data").get("cardlistInfo").get("cardlist_head_cards")[0].get("head_data").get("midtext").split()
                    desc2.reverse()
                    desc2 = " ".join(desc2)
                print(title, category, desc2.split())
                cv = []
                for n in desc2.split():
                    if "万" in n:
                        for ch in n:
                            if u'\u4e00' <= ch <= u'\u9fff': #去除中文
                                n = n.replace(ch, "")
                        n = float(n) * 10000
                    elif "亿" in n:
                        for ch in n:
                            if u'\u4e00' <= ch <= u'\u9fff': #去除中文
                                n = n.replace(ch, "")
                        n = float(n) * 100000000
                    else:
                        for ch in n:
                            if u'\u4e00' <= ch <= u'\u9fff': #去除中文
                                n = n.replace(ch, "")
                    cv.append(int(n))
                try:
                    topic_list.append([title, category, cv[0], cv[1]])
                except:
                    continue
            #except:
                #continue
        time.sleep(2)       
        print(len(topic_list))
    return topic_list

#将列表数据写入Excel文件中
def write_excel(topic_list):
    root = os.getcwd()
    local_t = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M", time.localtime())
    path = root + "\\weibo_topic.xls"
    if os.path.exists(path): #如果存在该文件，添加数据
        workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(path) #读取excel文件
        sheet_names = workbook.sheet_names() #读取所有sheet的名称
        wb = xlutils.copy.copy(workbook)
        if local_t not in sheet_names:
            sheet1 = wb.add_sheet(local_t, cell_overwrite_ok = False) #添加表
            sheet1.write(0, 0, label = "标题")
            sheet1.write(0, 1, label = "类别")
            sheet1.write(0, 2, label = "讨论数")
            sheet1.write(0, 3, label = "阅读数")
            for row in range(len(topic_list)):
                for col in range(len(topic_list[row])):                          
                    sheet1.write(row + 1, col, topic_list[row][col])
        wb.save(path)
        print("文件更新成功：", path)
    else: #如果不存在xls文件则创建并添加数据
        workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
        sheet1 = workbook.add_sheet(local_t, cell_overwrite_ok = True) #添加sheet
        sheet1.write(0, 0, label = "标题")
        sheet1.write(0, 1, label = "类别")
        sheet1.write(0, 2, label = "讨论数")
        sheet1.write(0, 3, label = "阅读数")
        for row in range(len(topic_list)):
            for col in range(len(topic_list[row])):                          
                sheet1.write(row + 1, col, topic_list[row][col])
        workbook.save(path)
        print("文件保存成功：", path)
        
def main():
    topic_list = get_hot_topic(40)
    write_excel(topic_list)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

3.运行结果

4.数据简单处理