c++自制背单词应用

文件结构：

背词历史.log 用来存放背过的单词，存放的格式是 

年-月-日 时：分：秒

单词 词性 中文解释

生词本.txt 用来存放当下要背诵的单词列表，格式是

单词 词性 中文解释

历史记录.txt 用来当做按照时间查询生词的缓存，记录最后一个词查询的结果

其格式与 生词本.txt 一样

主要功能：

更新日志：

2018-9-4 背词宝version1.0 诞生
2018-9-4 背词宝version1.1 诞生
新增的内容：
1.新增背词功能，在背诵完生词后生词会自动从生词表删除，并且添加到背词历史中
2.新增历史生词查询功能，可以根据当天的年与日查询背诵完的生词

代码：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>    //输出控制头文件
#include <time.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;


class Recite{
	fstream file;
	fstream file1;
public:
	Recite();            //创建生词本文件
	void insert_word();  //添加单词
	void query_all();    //查询所有单词
	void query_by_time();//根据时间查历史记录
	void query_history();//查询历史背词
	void query_exact();  //精确查词
	void delete_word();  //删除单词
	int get_num();       //返回生词本中单词的数量
	void recite_word();  //背生词
	void update_log();   //更新日志
	void run();          //总的服务界面
};
Recite::Recite() {
	file.open("生词本.txt");
	file.close();
	file.open("背词历史.log");
	file.close();
	file.open("历史记录.txt");
	file.close();
}
void Recite::insert_word() {
	clock_t startTime, endTime;
	file.open("生词本.txt", ios::out | ios::app);   //在文件末尾处写入
	if (file.is_open() == 1) {
		//打开成功的话
		startTime = clock();
		char word[20], cha[5], trans[20];   //单词 词性 解释
		cout << "请输入要写入错题本的单词：";
		cin >> word;
		cout << "请输入单词的词性：";
		cin >> cha;
		cout << "请输入单词的解释：";
		cin >> trans;
		file << word << " " << cha << " " << trans<<endl;  //1就代表没有被删除的单词
		file.close();
		endTime = clock();
		cout << "写入成功，总共用时" << (double)(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "打开文件失败" << endl;
		system("pause");
	}
	
}
void Recite::query_all() {
	clock_t startTime, endTime;
	startTime = clock();
	char buffer[100];
	int number = 0;  //记录记录的条数
	cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
	cout << "|" << setw(8) << "单词";
	cout << "|" << setw(4) << "词性";
	cout << "|" << setw(8) << "翻译";
	cout << "|" << endl;
	cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
	file.open("生词本.txt", ios::in | ios::app);
	while (!file.eof()) {
		file.getline(buffer, 100);
		istringstream is(buffer);
		string s1, s2, s3,s4;
		is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3>>s4;
		if (s1 != ""&&s2 != ""&&s3 != "") {
			number++;
			cout << "|" << setw(8) << s1;
			cout << "|" << setw(4) << s2;
			cout << "|" << setw(8) << s3;
			cout << "|" << endl;
			cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
		}
	}
	endTime = clock();
	cout << "总共有" << number << "条记录，总共用时"<<(double)(endTime - startTime)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<" s"<<endl;
	file.close();
}
void Recite::query_by_time() {
	file.open("背词历史.log", ios::in | ios::out | ios::app);
	if (file.is_open()) {
		string time;
		cout << "请输入要查询的历史记录的年月日，格式为年-月-日：";
		cin >> time;
		string word[100], cha[100], trans[100];
		int i = 0;
		char buffer[100];
		while (!file.eof()) {
			file.getline(buffer, 100);
			istringstream is(buffer);
			string t1, t2;
			is >> t1 >> t2;
			if (t1 == time) {
				while (!file.eof()) {
					file.getline(buffer, 100);
					istringstream input(buffer);
					string s1, s2, s3;
					input >> s1 >> s2 >> s3;
					if (s1 != ""&&s2 != ""&&s3 != "") {
						word[i] = s1;
						cha[i] = s2;
						trans[i] = s3;
						i++;
					}
					else {
						if (s1 == time)
							continue;
						else
							break;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		file.close();
		file.open("历史记录.txt", ios::in | ios::out | ios::trunc);
		for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
			file << word[j] << " " << cha[j] << " "<<trans[j] << endl;
		file.close();
		query_history();
	}
	else {
		cout << "文件打开失败" << endl;
		return;
	}
}
void Recite::query_history() {
	clock_t startTime, endTime;
	startTime = clock();
	char buffer[100];
	int number = 0;  //记录记录的条数
	cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
	cout << "|" << setw(8) << "单词";
	cout << "|" << setw(4) << "词性";
	cout << "|" << setw(8) << "翻译";
	cout << "|" << endl;
	cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
	file.open("历史记录.txt", ios::in | ios::app);
	while (!file.eof()) {
		file.getline(buffer, 100);
		istringstream is(buffer);
		string s1, s2, s3, s4;
		is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3 >> s4;
		if (s1 != ""&&s2 != ""&&s3 != "") {
			number++;
			cout << "|" << setw(8) << s1;
			cout << "|" << setw(4) << s2;
			cout << "|" << setw(8) << s3;
			cout << "|" << endl;
			cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
		}
	}
	endTime = clock();
	cout << "总共有" << number << "条记录，总共用时" << (double)(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s" << endl;
	file.close();
}
void Recite::query_exact() {
	clock_t startTime, endTime;
	char buffer[100];
	int i,number=0;
	cout << "1.按照单词查词" << endl;
	cout << "2.按照词性查词" << endl;
	cout << "3.按照中文解释查词" << endl;
	cout << "请输入需要确定查词方式：";
	cin >> i;
	startTime = clock();
	string word;
	cout << "请输入要查的单词：";
	cin >> word;
	cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
	cout << "|" << setw(8) << "单词";
	cout << "|" << setw(4) << "词性";
	cout << "|" << setw(8) << "翻译";
	cout << "|" << endl;
	cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
	file.open("生词本.txt", ios::in);
	switch (i) {
	case 1:
		while (!file.eof()) {
			file.getline(buffer, 100);
			istringstream is(buffer);
			string s1, s2, s3;
			is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3;
			if (s1 == word) {
				number++;
				cout << "|" << setw(8) << s1;
				cout << "|" << setw(4) << s2;
				cout << "|" << setw(8) << s3;
				cout << "|" << endl;
				cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
			}
		}
		endTime = clock();
		cout << "查询成功，一共有" << number << "条记录，用时：" << (double)(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s" << endl;
		file.close();
		break;
	case 2:
		while (!file.eof()) {
			file.getline(buffer, 100);
			istringstream is(buffer);
			string s1, s2, s3;
			is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3;
			if (s2 == word) {
				number++;
				cout << "|" << setw(8) << s1;
				cout << "|" << setw(4) << s2;
				cout << "|" << setw(8) << s3;
				cout << "|" << endl;
				cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
			}
		}
		endTime = clock();
		cout << "查询成功，一共有" << number << "条记录，用时：" << (double)(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s" << endl;
		file.close();
		break;
	case 3:
		while (!file.eof()) {
			file.getline(buffer, 100);
			istringstream is(buffer);
			string s1, s2, s3;
			is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3;
			if (s3 == word) {
				number++;
				cout << "|" << setw(8) << s1;
				cout << "|" << setw(4) << s2;
				cout << "|" << setw(8) << s3;
				cout << "|" << endl;
				cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
			}
		}
		endTime = clock();
		cout << "查询成功，一共有" << number << "条记录，用时：" << (double)(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s" << endl;
		file.close();
		break;
	default:
		//默认用单词查询
		while (!file.eof()) {
			file.getline(buffer, 100);
			istringstream is(buffer);
			string s1, s2, s3;
			is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3;
			if (s1 == word) {
				number++;
				cout << "|" << setw(8) << s1;
				cout << "|" << setw(4) << s2;
				cout << "|" << setw(8) << s3;
				cout << "|" << endl;
				cout << " --------+----+---------" << endl;
			}
		}
		endTime = clock();
		cout << "查询成功，一共有" << number << "条记录，用时：" << (double)(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s" << endl;
		file.close();
		break;
	}
}
int Recite::get_num() {
	file1.open("生词本.txt", ios::in);   //以只读方式打开生词本
	char buffer[100];
	int number = 0;
	while (!file.eof()) {
		file.getline(buffer, 100);
		istringstream is(buffer);
		string s1, s2, s3;
		is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3;
		if (s1 != " "&&s2 != " "&&s3 != " ")
			number++;
	}
	file1.close();
	return number;
}
void Recite::delete_word() {
	query_all();   //显示所有的记录
	string str;
	clock_t startTime, endTime;
	cout << "请输入想要删除的单词：";
	cin >> str;
	startTime = clock();
	file.open("生词本.txt",ios::in);
	char buffer[100];
	string str1[100],str2[100],str3[100];
	int i = 0;
	while (!file.eof()) {
		file.getline(buffer, 100);
		istringstream is(buffer);
		string s1, s2, s3;
		is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3;
		if (s1 != str && s1 != "" && s2 != "" && s3!="" ) {
			str1[i] = s1;
			str2[i] = s2;
			str3[i] = s3;
			i++;
		}
	}
	file.close();
	file.open("生词本.txt", ios::out|ios::trunc);  //以截断方式打开文件，清空所有内容
	for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
		file << str1[j] << " " << str2[j] << " " << str3[j] << " " << endl;
	}
	file.close();
	endTime = clock();
	cout << "删除成功，用时：" << (double)(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s" << endl;
}
void Recite::recite_word() {
	file.open("生词本.txt", ios::in|ios::out);  
	if (file.is_open() == 1) {
		clock_t startTime, endTime;
		//遍历后将单词拷贝至内存
		string word[100], cha[100], trans[100], str;
		
		char buffer[100];
		int i = 0;
		while (!file.eof()) {
			file.getline(buffer, 100);
			istringstream is(buffer);
			string s1, s2, s3;
			is >> s1 >> s2 >> s3;
			if (s1 != ""&&s2 != ""&&s3 != "") {
				word[i] = s1;
				cha[i] = s2;
				trans[i] = s3;
				i++;
			}
		}
		int number = i;
		cout << "本次需要复习的单词数量是：" << number << endl;
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
		int num_of_recite[100];   //记录需要背诵单词的次数，一开始都是1
		for (int k = 0; k < 100; k++)
			num_of_recite[k] = 1;
		int sucessful = 0;            //判断单词是否背完了，背完了就是1，没有背完就是0
		if (number == 0)
			sucessful = 1;
		int num = 0;
		startTime = clock();
		while (sucessful == 0) {
			for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
				if (num_of_recite[j] != 0) {
					cout << "中文意思：" << trans[j] << " " << cha[j] << endl;
					cout << "请输入单词：";
					cin >> str;
					if (str == word[j]) {
						cout << "正确！";
						num_of_recite[j]--;
						system("pause");
						system("cls");
						num++;
						if (num == number)
							sucessful = 1;
					}
					else {
						cout << "错误，正确答案是：" << word[j];
						num_of_recite[j]++;
						system("pause");
						system("cls");
					}
				}
			}
		}
		endTime = clock();
		cout << "恭喜你背完啦~~，用时：" << (double)(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s" << endl;
		//背完单词后清空单词表
		file.close();
		file.open("生词本.txt", ios::out | ios::trunc);
		file.close();
		//然后写入日志
		file.open("背词历史.log", ios::out|ios::app);
		SYSTEMTIME st = { 0 };
		GetLocalTime(&st);
		file << st.wYear << "-" << st.wMonth << "-" << st.wDay << " " << st.wHour << ":" << st.wMinute << ":" << st.wSecond << endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
			file << word[j] << " " << cha[j] << " " << trans[j] << endl;
		}
		file.close();
	}
	else {
		cout << "生词表为空，先加入生词再背诵吧" << endl;
		return;
	}
}
void Recite::update_log() {
	cout << "2018-9-4 背词宝version1.0 诞生" << endl;
	cout << "2018-9-4 背词宝version1.1 诞生" << endl;
	cout << "新增的内容：" << endl;
	cout << "1.新增背词功能，在背诵完生词后生词会自动从生词表删除，并且添加到背词历史中" << endl;
	cout << "2.新增历史生词查询功能，可以根据当天的年与日查询背诵完的生词" << endl;
}
void Recite::run() {
	cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "|欢迎使用背词宝version1.1    |" << endl;
	cout << "|1.添加生词                  |" << endl;
	cout << "|2.显示所有生词              |" << endl;
	cout << "|3.精确查词                  |" << endl;
	cout << "|4.删除生词表中的词          |" << endl;
	cout << "|5.背生词                    |" << endl;
	cout << "|6.查询背诵历史              |" << endl;
	cout << "|7.更新日志                  |" << endl;
	cout << "|8.退出                      |" << endl;
	cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "请输入需要服务的序号：";
	int i;
	cin >> i;
	while (i != 8) {
		switch (i) {
			case 1:
				system("cls");
				insert_word();
				break;
			case 2:
				system("cls");
				query_all();
				break;
			case 3:
				system("cls");
				query_exact();
				break;
			case 4:
				system("cls");
				delete_word();
				break;
			case 5:
				system("cls");
				recite_word();
				break;
			case 6:
				system("cls");
				query_by_time();
				break;
			case 7:
				system("cls");
				update_log();
				break;
			case 8:
				break;
			default:
				cout << "对应数字的服务不存在，请重新输入" << endl;
				break;
		}
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
		cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
		cout << "|欢迎使用背词宝version1.1    |" << endl;
		cout << "|1.添加生词                  |" << endl;
		cout << "|2.显示所有生词              |" << endl;
		cout << "|3.精确查词                  |" << endl;
		cout << "|4.删除生词表中的词          |" << endl;
		cout << "|5.背生词                    |" << endl;
		cout << "|6.查询背诵历史              |" << endl;
		cout << "|7.更新日志                  |" << endl;
		cout << "|8.退出                      |" << endl;
		cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
		cout << "请输入需要服务的序号：";
		cin >> i;
	}
}

int main()
{
	Recite r;
	r.run();

    return 0;
}

主要应用界面：

查词界面：

按照时间查询历史记录：

背单词算法描述：

1.将所有的 生词本.txt 中的单词都存放如内存中

2.初始化一个数组记录这个单词应该被拼写多少次，初始次数都是1，也就是一开始就会的单词没有必要再重复背诵了

3.当拼写对了的时候次数减一，每次循环的时候如果拼写次数为1则跳过这个单词的拼写

4.拼写错了则拼写次数加一

5.每当拼写对一个单词，就将记录拼写正确单词数量的变量加一，如果拼写正确单词的数量和生词本中生词数量一样的话就退出循环，否则继续循环，直到所有单词都拼写对并且需要拼写的次数为0

6.所有单词背完后要清空 生词本.txt 中的内容，然后在 背词历史.log 中写入当前时间，并将内存中的生词记录全部写入 背词历史.log 中

按照时间查询历史记录算法描述：

读取 背词历史.log 文件，如果查询到了时间，就开始读取后面记录的生词，知道下一次读取到时间；读取到时间之后比对是否和输入的时间相同，如果相同的话，那么就要继续读取时间后面的生词。

全部读取完之后把内存中的生词存入 历史记录.txt ,然后查询所有 历史记录.txt 中的单词

这次项目做完后的收获：

1.了解了 fstream 类对文件的基本操作

2.了解到了一个很好用的类 istringstream ，可以将string中的单词一个一个提取出来，非常实用

3.了解了通过windows api 获取时间的方法

4.第一次用c++做出了稍微实用一点的应用，增加了信心

仍然存在的问题：

在进行插入等有些操作的时候记录的时间往往不准，经常没有1s就出来了，但是它显示的却是远大于1s的数。

PS：查询操作显示的时间比较正常