Python第4天学习笔记

#可变类型: 值变了,但是id没有变,证明没有生成新的值而是在改变原值,原值是可变类型
#不可变类型:值变了,id也跟着变,证明是生成了新的值而不是在改变原值,原值是不可变

# x=10
# print(id(x))
# x=11
# print(id(x))
#

y=['a','b','c']
print(id(y))
y[0]='A'
print(y)
print(id(y))

#一: 整型int
# ======================================基本使用======================================
# 1、用途: 记录年龄\等级\各种号码

# 2、定义方式:
# age=18 # age=int(18)

# x=int('123') #只能将纯数字的字符串转换成整型
# print(type(x))
# print(int(3.7))

# 3、常用操作+内置的方法
#赋值\比较\算术

# ======================================该类型总结====================================
# 存一个值

# 不可变(1、可变:值变,id不变。可变==不可hash 2、不可变:值变,id就变。不可变==可hash)
# print(hash(10))
# print(hash([1,2,3]))

# 二 浮点型float
# ======================================基本使用======================================
# 1、用途: 记录身高\体重\薪资

# 2、定义方式
# salary=1.3 #salary=float(1.3)

# x=float('3.1')
# print(x,type(x))

# 3、常用操作+内置的方法
#赋值\比较\算术

# ======================================该类型总结====================================
# 存一个值

# 不可变(1、可变:值变,id不变。可变==不可hash 2、不可变:值变,id就变。不可变==可hash)
# x=3.1
# print(id(x))
# x=3.2
# print(id(x))


# 了解:
# 复数
# x=1-2j
# print(x,type(x))
# print(x.real)
# print(x.imag)

# 长整型


# 其他进制=>十进制
# 十进制: 0-9
# 11 = 1*10^1 + 1*10^0

# 二进制: 0 1
# 11 = 1*2^1 + 1*2^0

# 八进制: 0-7
# 11 = 1*8^1+1*8^0

# 十六进制:0-9 A-F
# 11 = 1*16^1+1*16^0

# 十进制=>其他进制
print(bin(13)) # 十进制=>二进制
print(oct(13)) # 十进制=>八进制
print(hex(13)) # 十进制=>十六进制


# ======================================基本使用======================================
# 1、用途:记录描述性质的特征,比如名字\地址\性别

# 2、定义方式:在单引号\双引号\三引号内包含的一串字符
msg='aaa"bbb"' #msg=str(...)

# 可以将任意类型转换成字符串
# str(1)
# str(1.3)
# x=str([1,2,3])
# print(x,type(x))

# 3、常用操作+内置的方法
#优先掌握的操作(*****):
#1、按索引取值(正向取+反向取) :只能取
msg='hello world'
# print(msg[0])
# print(msg[5])
# print(msg[len(msg)-1])
# print(msg[-1])
# msg[0]='H'

#2、切片(顾头不顾尾,步长): 想要从一个大字符串中切出一个小字符串
# msg='hello world'
# print(msg[0:5])
# print(msg)
# print(msg[0:5:2]) #0 2 4

# 了解
msg='hello world'
# print(msg[-1:-5:1])
# print(msg[-1:-5:-1]) #d l r o
# print(msg[0:5:1])

# print(msg[-1::-1]) #掌握

#3、长度len
# msg='你好啊a'
# print(len(msg))

#4、成员运算in和not in
msg='yangyuanhu 老师是一个非常虎的老师'
# print('yangyuanhu' in msg)
# print('虎' not in msg)
# print(not '虎' in msg)

#5、移除字符串左右两边的字符strip:默认去空格
# pwd=' 1 23 '
# res=pwd.strip(' ')
# print(res)

# pwd=input('>>: ').strip() #pwd='123'
#
# if pwd == '123':
# print('密码输入正确')

# pwd='******12*3****'
# print(pwd.strip('*'))

# pwd='****/&^**123**^*/*&'
# print(pwd.strip('*/&^'))
# print(pwd.strip('*/&')) #^**123**^

#6、切分split:针对有规律字符串按照某个字符切成列表
# info='yyhdsb|18|female'
# li=info.split('|',1)
# print(li)

#7、循环
# msg='hello'
#
# for item in msg:
# print(item)


# ======================================该类型总结====================================
# 存一个值

# 有序

# 不可变(1、可变:值变,id不变。可变==不可hash 2、不可变:值变,id就变。不可变==可hash)
# s1='hello'
# print(id(s1))
# s1='world'
# print(id(s1))


# 需要掌握的操作(****)
#1、strip,lstrip,rstrip
# print('****egon***'.strip('*'))
# print('****egon***'.lstrip('*'))
# print('****egon***'.rstrip('*'))
#2、lower,upper
# print('AAAbbbb'.lower())
# print('AAAbbbb'.upper())

#3、startswith,endswith
# print('alex is sb'.startswith('alex'))
# print('alex is sb'.endswith('sb'))

#4、format的三种玩法
# print('my name is %s my age is %s' %('egon',18))
# print('my name is %s my age is %s' %(18,'egon'))

# print('my name is {name} my age is {age} '.format(age=18,name='egon'))
# 了解
# print('my name is {} my age is {} '.format(18,'egon'))
# print('my name is {0} my age is {1} '.format(18,'egon'))
# print('my name is {1} my age is {0} '.format(18,'egon'))

#5、split,rsplit
# msg='a:b:c:d:e'
# print(msg.split(':',1))
# print(msg.rsplit(':',1))

#6、join
# msg='a:b:c:d:e'
# list1=msg.split(':')
# msg1=':'.join(list1)
# print(msg1)

# info='egon:123:male'
# list1=info.split(':')
# print(list1)

# print(':'.join(list1))

#7、replace
# msg='alex is alex alex is hahahaha'
# print(msg.replace('alex','SB',1))

#8、isdigit
# print('123'.isdigit()) # 只能判断纯数字的字符串
# print('12.3'.isdigit())

age_of_db=30
inp_age=input('>>>: ').strip()
if inp_age.isdigit():
inp_age=int(inp_age)
if inp_age > age_of_db:
print('too big')
elif inp_age < age_of_db:
print('too small')
else:
print('you got it')

# 了解的操作(**)



# ======================================基本使用======================================
# 1、用途:记录描述性质的特征,比如名字\地址\性别

# 2、定义方式:在单引号\双引号\三引号内包含的一串字符
msg='aaa"bbb"' #msg=str(...)

# 可以将任意类型转换成字符串
# str(1)
# str(1.3)
# x=str([1,2,3])
# print(x,type(x))

# 3、常用操作+内置的方法
#优先掌握的操作(*****):
#1、按索引取值(正向取+反向取) :只能取
msg='hello world'
# print(msg[0])
# print(msg[5])
# print(msg[len(msg)-1])
# print(msg[-1])
# msg[0]='H'

#2、切片(顾头不顾尾,步长): 想要从一个大字符串中切出一个小字符串
# msg='hello world'
# print(msg[0:5])
# print(msg)
# print(msg[0:5:2]) #0 2 4

# 了解
msg='hello world'
# print(msg[-1:-5:1])
# print(msg[-1:-5:-1]) #d l r o
# print(msg[0:5:1])

# print(msg[-1::-1]) #掌握

#3、长度len
# msg='你好啊a'
# print(len(msg))

#4、成员运算in和not in
msg='yangyuanhu 老师是一个非常虎的老师'
# print('yangyuanhu' in msg)
# print('虎' not in msg)
# print(not '虎' in msg)

#5、移除字符串左右两边的字符strip:默认去空格
# pwd=' 1 23 '
# res=pwd.strip(' ')
# print(res)

# pwd=input('>>: ').strip() #pwd='123'
#
# if pwd == '123':
# print('密码输入正确')

# pwd='******12*3****'
# print(pwd.strip('*'))

# pwd='****/&^**123**^*/*&'
# print(pwd.strip('*/&^'))
# print(pwd.strip('*/&')) #^**123**^

#6、切分split:针对有规律字符串按照某个字符切成列表
# info='yyhdsb|18|female'
# li=info.split('|',1)
# print(li)

#7、循环
# msg='hello'
#
# for item in msg:
# print(item)


# ======================================该类型总结====================================
# 存一个值

# 有序

# 不可变(1、可变:值变,id不变。可变==不可hash 2、不可变:值变,id就变。不可变==可hash)
# s1='hello'
# print(id(s1))
# s1='world'
# print(id(s1))


# 需要掌握的操作(****)
#1、strip,lstrip,rstrip
# print('****egon***'.strip('*'))
# print('****egon***'.lstrip('*'))
# print('****egon***'.rstrip('*'))
#2、lower,upper
# print('AAAbbbb'.lower())
# print('AAAbbbb'.upper())

#3、startswith,endswith
# print('alex is sb'.startswith('alex'))
# print('alex is sb'.endswith('sb'))

#4、format的三种玩法
# print('my name is %s my age is %s' %('egon',18))
# print('my name is %s my age is %s' %(18,'egon'))

# print('my name is {name} my age is {age} '.format(age=18,name='egon'))
# 了解
# print('my name is {} my age is {} '.format(18,'egon'))
# print('my name is {0} my age is {1} '.format(18,'egon'))
# print('my name is {1} my age is {0} '.format(18,'egon'))

#5、split,rsplit
# msg='a:b:c:d:e'
# print(msg.split(':',1))
# print(msg.rsplit(':',1))

#6、join
# msg='a:b:c:d:e'
# list1=msg.split(':')
# msg1=':'.join(list1)
# print(msg1)

# info='egon:123:male'
# list1=info.split(':')
# print(list1)

# print(':'.join(list1))

#7、replace
# msg='alex is alex alex is hahahaha'
# print(msg.replace('alex','SB',1))

#8、isdigit
# print('123'.isdigit()) # 只能判断纯数字的字符串
# print('12.3'.isdigit())

# age_of_db=30
# inp_age=input('>>>: ').strip()
# if inp_age.isdigit():
# inp_age=int(inp_age)
# if inp_age > age_of_db:
# print('too big')
# elif inp_age < age_of_db:
# print('too small')
# else:
# print('you got it')

# 了解的操作(**)
#1、find,rfind,index,rindex,count
# msg='hello worldaa'
# print(msg.index('wo'))
# print(msg.index('wo',0,3))
# print(msg.find('wo',0,3))
# print(msg.find('xxxxxxx'))
# print(msg.index('xxxxxxx'))
# print(msg.count('l'))

#2、center,ljust,rjust,zfill
# name=input('>>: ').strip()
# print('egon'.center(50,'='))
# print(('%s' %name).center(50,'-'))

# print('egon'.ljust(50,'='))
# print('egon'.rjust(50,'='))
# print('egon'.zfill(50))

#3、expandtabs
# print('hello\tworld'.expandtabs(5))

#4、captalize,swapcase,title
# print('hello world'.capitalize())
# print('Hello world'.swapcase())
# print('Hello world'.title())

#5、is数字系列
num1=b'4' #bytes
num2=u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode
num3='四' #中文数字
num4='Ⅳ' #罗马数字

#isdigit: bytes,str
# print(num1.isdigit())
# print(num2.isdigit())
# print(num3.isdigit())
# print(num4.isdigit())

#isdecimal:str
# print(num2.isdecimal())
# print(num3.isdecimal())
# print(num4.isdecimal())

#isnumberic:str,中文\罗马
# print(num2.isnumeric())
# print(num3.isnumeric())
# print(num4.isnumeric())

#6、is其他
# print('aaasdfaA'.isalpha()) # 纯字母组成的字符串
# print('aaasdfaA123'.isalnum()) # 字母或数字组成
# print('aaasdfaA'.isalnum()) # 字母或数字组成
# print('123'.isalnum())

# print(' '.isspace())
# print(' 12'.isspace())

# ======================================基本使用======================================
# 1、用途:记录多个值,比如人的多个爱好

# 2、定义方式: 在[]内用逗号分隔开多个任意类型的值
li=[1,2,3] # li=list([1,2,3])


# x=list('hello')
# x=list({'a':1,'b':2,'c':3})
# print(x)

# 3、常用操作+内置的方法
#优先掌握的操作:
#1、按索引存取值(正向存取+反向存取):即可存也可以取
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# print(li[-1])
# li[-1]='D'
# print(li)
#
# # li[4]='e'
# del li[0]
# print(li)
#2、切片(顾头不顾尾,步长)
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# print(li[0:3])

#3、长度
# print(len(li))
#4、成员运算in和not in
# users=['egon','lxx','yxx','cxxx',[1,2,3]]
# print('lxx' in users)
# print([1,2,3] in users)
# print(1 in users)

#5、追加
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# print(id(li))
# li.append('e')
# li.append([1,2,3])
# print(li,id(li))

#6、删除
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# 按照元素值去单纯地删除某个元素
# del li[1]
# res=li.remove('c')
# print(li)
# print(res)
# 按照元素的索引去删除某个元素并且拿到该元素作为返回值
# res=li.pop(1)
# print(li)
# print(res)

#7、循环
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# for item in li:
# print(item)


# ======================================该类型总结====================================
# 存多个值

# 有序

# 可变(1、可变:值变,id不变。可变==不可hash 2、不可变:值变,id就变。不可变==可hash)
# print(hash([1,2,3]))


# 需要掌握的操作
li=['a','b','c','d','c','e']
# print(li.count('c'))
# li.extend([1,2,3])
# li.append([1,2,3])
# print(li)

# print(li.index('z'))
# print(li.index('b'))
# print(li.index('d',0,3))

# li.insert(1,'egon')
# print(li)

# li=[3,1,9,11]
# li.reverse()
# print(li)

# li.sort(reverse=True)
# print(li)


# 练习
# 队列: 先进先出
# q=[]
# # 入队
# q.append('first')
# q.append('second')
# q.append('third')
# print(q)
# # 出队
# print(q.pop(0))
# print(q.pop(0))
# print(q.pop(0))

# 堆栈: 先进后出
q=[]
# 入栈
q.append('first')
q.append('second')
q.append('third')
# 出栈
print(q.pop(-1))
print(q.pop(-1))
print(q.pop(-1))




# ======================================基本使用======================================
# 1、用途:记录多个值,比如人的多个爱好

# 2、定义方式: 在[]内用逗号分隔开多个任意类型的值
li=[1,2,3] # li=list([1,2,3])


# x=list('hello')
# x=list({'a':1,'b':2,'c':3})
# print(x)

# 3、常用操作+内置的方法
#优先掌握的操作:
#1、按索引存取值(正向存取+反向存取):即可存也可以取
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# print(li[-1])
# li[-1]='D'
# print(li)
#
# # li[4]='e'
# del li[0]
# print(li)
#2、切片(顾头不顾尾,步长)
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# print(li[0:3])

#3、长度
# print(len(li))
#4、成员运算in和not in
# users=['egon','lxx','yxx','cxxx',[1,2,3]]
# print('lxx' in users)
# print([1,2,3] in users)
# print(1 in users)

#5、追加
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# print(id(li))
# li.append('e')
# li.append([1,2,3])
# print(li,id(li))

#6、删除
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# 按照元素值去单纯地删除某个元素
# del li[1]
# res=li.remove('c')
# print(li)
# print(res)
# 按照元素的索引去删除某个元素并且拿到该元素作为返回值
# res=li.pop(1)
# print(li)
# print(res)

#7、循环
# li=['a','b','c','d']
# for item in li:
# print(item)


# ======================================该类型总结====================================
# 存多个值

# 有序

# 可变(1、可变:值变,id不变。可变==不可hash 2、不可变:值变,id就变。不可变==可hash)
# print(hash([1,2,3]))


# 需要掌握的操作
li=['a','b','c','d','c','e']
# print(li.count('c'))
# li.extend([1,2,3])
# li.append([1,2,3])
# print(li)

# print(li.index('z'))
# print(li.index('b'))
# print(li.index('d',0,3))

# li.insert(1,'egon')
# print(li)

# li=[3,1,9,11]
# li.reverse()
# print(li)

# li.sort(reverse=True)
# print(li)


# 练习
# 队列: 先进先出
# q=[]
# # 入队
# q.append('first')
# q.append('second')
# q.append('third')
# print(q)
# # 出队
# print(q.pop(0))
# print(q.pop(0))
# print(q.pop(0))

# 堆栈: 先进后出
q=[]
# 入栈
q.append('first')
q.append('second')
q.append('third')
# 出栈
print(q.pop(-1))
print(q.pop(-1))
print(q.pop(-1))

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/yanhui1995/p/9662184.html