Python----turtle库的使用

        大部分python安装环境下都包含turtle这个绘图模块,它可以让你使用海龟图像(当然可以设置为箭头)来绘制图形,现在,我们来用它来做些小东西。

一、基本的几何图形

画一个正方形:

import turtle

bob = turtle.Turtle()

for i in range(1,5):
	bob.fd(100)
	bob.lt(90)

turtle.mainloop()

画一个圆:

import turtle
import math

def circle(t,r,a):
	#传入接口arc,在arc中完成大部分计算
	arc(t,r,a)

def arc(t,r,a):
	#计算边的长度,同时设定边的个数
	length = 2 * math.pi * r * abs(a) / 360
	n = int(length / 4) + 3
	step_length = length / n
	step_angle = a / n

	polygon(t, step_length, n)

def polygon(t, length, n):
	#画出图形
	for i in range(n):
		t.fd(length)
		t.lt(360/n)	




bob = turtle.Turtle()
radius = 50
angle = 360

circle(bob, radius, angle)

turtle.mainloop()

画一条阿基米德螺线:

import turtle

def draw_spiral(t, n, length=3, a=0.1, b=0.0002):
	#Draws an Archimedian spiral starting at the origin

	theta = 0.0

	for i in range(n):
		t.fd(length)
		dtheta = 1 / (a + b * theta)

		t.lt(dtheta)
		theta += dtheta

#create the world and bob
bob = turtle.Turtle()
draw_spiral(bob, n=1000)

turtle.mainloop()

二、通过基本图形组合画一些现实中简单的物体

花朵:

import turtle
def draw_diamond(turt):
	for i in range(1,3):   
		turt.forward(100)
		turt.right(45)
		turt.forward(100)
		turt.right(135)
def  draw_art():
	window = turtle.Screen() #视窗
	window.bgcolor("black") #背景颜色
	brad = turtle.Turtle()  #创建一个“乌龟”对象
	brad.shape("turtle")    #设定画笔图像是乌龟
	brad.color("red")       #设定画笔颜色是红色
	brad.speed("fast")      #画画速度是快
	for i in range(1, 37):  #调用diamond函数36次,即画36个花瓣
		draw_diamond(brad)
		brad.right(10)
	brad.right(90)          #画出枝干
	brad.forward(1000)
	window.exitonclick()
draw_art()

上面实现的这个花朵是不是有点儿捞???

那我们试一试把前面画圆的代码来实现三个好看的花朵:

import math
import turtle


def polyline(t, n, length, angle):
	#Draws n line segments

	for i in range(n):
		t.fd(length)
		t.lt(angle)

def arc(t, r, angle):
	#Draws an arc with given radius and angle

	arc_length = 2 * math.pi * r * abs(angle) / 360
	n = int(arc_length / 4) + 3
	step_length = arc_length / n
	step_angle = float(angle) / n

	t.lt(step_angle/2)
	polyline(t, n, step_length, step_angle)
	t.rt(step_angle/2)

def petal(t, r, angle):
	#Draws a petal using two arcs.

	for i in range(2):
		arc(t, r, angle)
		t.lt(180 - angle)

def flower(t, n, r, angle):
	#Draws a flower with n petals

	for i in range(n):
		petal(t, r, angle)
		t.lt(360.0/n)

def move(t, length):
	#Move turtle(t) forwoard (length) units without leaving a trail

	t.pu()
	t.fd(length)
	t.pd()

bob = turtle.Turtle()

#draw a sequence of three flowers

move(bob, -100)
flower(bob, 7, 60.0, 60.0)

move(bob, 100)
flower(bob, 10, 40.0, 80.0)

move(bob, 100)
flower(bob, 20, 140.0, 20.0)

bob.hideturtle()
turtle.mainloop() 

当然,我们通过那个简单的花朵是知道其实turtle是可以设置颜色的,那第一种花朵有颜色但是形状不好看,第二种形状好看但是颜色单调,那么让我们集合二者的优点,做一些“花里胡哨”的东西。

“花里胡哨”橡皮球:

import turtle
t = turtle.Pen()
turtle.bgcolor("black")
#sides = eval(str(input("输入要绘制的边的数目,请输入2-6Dev数字! ")))
sides = 6
colors = ["red","yellow","green","blue","orange","purple"]
for x in range(360):
	t.pencolor(colors[x%sides]) #随机颜色
	t.speed("fast")
	t.forward(x*3/sides+x)    #六边形长度依次增加
	t.left(360/sides+1)       #转动角度依次变化
	t.width(x*sides/180)      
	t.left(91)

print ("结束")

三、将上面的简单现实物体拆分组合为复杂的现实物体

一个简单的时钟程序(通过前面的代码,颜色可以自己定义反正你的时钟你做主~ ~,同时本程序用到了python的time模块,不懂得朋友可自行度娘~ ~),ok,代码如下:

import turtle  
from datetime import *  
   
# 抬起画笔,向前运动一段距离放下  
def Skip(step):  
    turtle.penup()  
    turtle.forward(step)  
    turtle.pendown()  
   
def mkHand(name, length):  
    # 注册Turtle形状,建立表针Turtle  
    turtle.reset()  
    Skip(-length * 0.1)  
    # 开始记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的第一个顶点。  
    turtle.begin_poly()  
    turtle.forward(length * 1.1)  
    # 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。  
    turtle.end_poly()  
    # 返回最后记录的多边形。  
    handForm = turtle.get_poly()  
    turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)  
   
def Init():  
    global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer  
    # 重置Turtle指向北  
    turtle.mode("logo")  
    # 建立三个表针Turtle并初始化  
    mkHand("secHand", 135)  
    mkHand("minHand", 125)  
    mkHand("hurHand", 90)  
    secHand = turtle.Turtle()  
    secHand.shape("secHand")  
    minHand = turtle.Turtle()  
    minHand.shape("minHand")  
    hurHand = turtle.Turtle()  
    hurHand.shape("hurHand")  
     
    for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:  
        hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)  
        hand.speed(0)  
     
    # 建立输出文字Turtle  
    printer = turtle.Turtle()  
    # 隐藏画笔的turtle形状  
    printer.hideturtle()  
    printer.penup()  
      
def SetupClock(radius):  
    # 建立表的外框  
    turtle.reset()  
    turtle.pensize(7)  
    for i in range(60):  
        Skip(radius)  
        if i % 5 == 0:  
            turtle.forward(20)  
            Skip(-radius - 20)  
             
            Skip(radius + 20)  
            if i == 0:  
                turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))  
            elif i == 30:  
                Skip(25)  
                turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))  
                Skip(-25)  
            elif (i == 25 or i == 35):  
                Skip(20)  
                turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))  
                Skip(-20)  
            else:  
                turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))  
            Skip(-radius - 20)  
        else:  
            turtle.dot(5)  
            Skip(-radius)  
        turtle.right(6)  
          
def Week(t):     
    week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三",  
            "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]  
    return week[t.weekday()]  
   
def Date(t):  
    y = t.year  
    m = t.month  
    d = t.day  
    return "%s年%d月%d日" % (y, m, d)  
   
def Tick():  
    # 绘制表针的动态显示  
    t = datetime.today()  
    second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001  
    minute = t.minute + second / 60.0  
    hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0  
    secHand.setheading(6 * second)  
    minHand.setheading(6 * minute)  
    hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)  
      
    turtle.tracer(False)   
    printer.forward(65)  
    printer.write(Week(t), align="center",  
                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))  
    printer.back(130)  
    printer.write(Date(t), align="center",  
                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))  
    printer.home()  
    turtle.tracer(True)  
   
    # 100ms后继续调用tick  
    turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)  
   
def main():  
    # 打开/关闭龟动画,并为更新图纸设置延迟。  
    turtle.tracer(False)  
    Init()  
    SetupClock(160)  
    turtle.tracer(True)  
    Tick()  
    turtle.mainloop()  
   
if __name__ == "__main__":  
    main()  

四、结语

OK~ ~ ~,这就是我对自己休息turtle库的一些新的与整理。希望大家通过这几段代码能够很好的理解python的turtle库。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/secret_lee/article/details/80487739