SpringCloud之Ribbon(客户端负载均衡)

1、Ribbon是客户端的负载均衡、默认的算法是轮询算法;

2、引入依赖:

<!-- Ribbon相关 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

3、启动类开启注解:@EnableEurekaClient

4、配置RestTemplate、启动3个服务提供者实例(这三个服务提供者对外暴露的服务名称必须相同):

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class MyConfiguration {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

5、修改配置文件:

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: first-person
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #定义Eureka服务器地址

6、测试代码:

@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer
{
	//private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
	private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT";
	/**
	 * 使用 使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。 (url, requestMap,
	 * ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表 REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。
	 */
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;

	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/add")
	public boolean add(Dept dept)
	{
		return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
	public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
	{
		return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/get/" + id, Dept.class);
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/list")
	public List<Dept> list()
	{
		return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/list", List.class);
	}
}

6、ribbon的工作原理;

bribbon在工作时分为2步:

1):先选择Eureka Server,他优先选择在同一个区域内负载较少的的server;

2):再根据用户指定的策略,从server取到的服务注册表中选择一个地址,其中Ribbon提供的策略有多种:比如:轮询、随机、根据响应时间加权。

7、替换负载均衡算法(在配置类ConfigBean继续引入bean):

   @Bean
	public IRule myRule()
	{
		//return new RoundRobinRule();
		//return new RandomRule();//达到的目的,用我们重新选择的随机算法替代默认的轮询。
		return new RetryRule();
	}

8:自定义负载均衡算法:

1):在启动该微服务的时候就能去加载我们的自定义Ribbon配置类,从而使配置生效;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import com.atguigu.myrule.MySelfRule;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
//在启动该微服务的时候就能去加载我们的自定义Ribbon配置类,从而使配置生效
//@RibbonClient(name="MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT",configuration=MySelfRule.class)
@RibbonClient(name="MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT",configuration=MySelfRule.class)
public class DeptConsumer80_App
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
	}
}

2):这个自定义配置类不能放在@ComponentScan所扫描的当前包下以及子包下,否则我们自定义的这个配置类就会被所有的Ribbon客户端共享,也就是说达不到特殊定制化的目的了。

9、新建新的负载算法类:


import java.util.List;
import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.AbstractLoadBalancerRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.ILoadBalancer;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.Server;

public class RandomRule_ZY extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {

	// total = 0 // 当total==5以后,我们指针才能往下走,
	// index = 0 // 当前对外提供服务的服务器地址,
	// total需要重新置为零,但是已经达到过一个5次,我们的index = 1
	// 分析:我们5次,但是微服务只有8001 8002 8003 三台,OK?
	//
	private int total = 0; // 总共被调用的次数,目前要求每台被调用5次
	private int currentIndex = 0; // 当前提供服务的机器号

	public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
		if (lb == null) {
			return null;
		}
		Server server = null;

		while (server == null) {
			if (Thread.interrupted()) {
				return null;
			}
			List<Server> upList = lb.getReachableServers();
			List<Server> allList = lb.getAllServers();

			int serverCount = allList.size();
			if (serverCount == 0) {
				/*
				 * No servers. End regardless of pass, because subsequent passes only get more
				 * restrictive.
				 */
				return null;
			}
			// int index = rand.nextInt(serverCount);// java.util.Random().nextInt(3);
			// server = upList.get(index);

			// private int total = 0; // 总共被调用的次数,目前要求每台被调用5次
			// private int currentIndex = 0; // 当前提供服务的机器号
			if (total < 5) {
				server = upList.get(currentIndex);
				total++;
			} else {
				total = 0;
				currentIndex++;
				if (currentIndex >= upList.size()) {
					currentIndex = 0;
				}
			}
			if (server == null) {
				/*
				 * The only time this should happen is if the server list were somehow trimmed.
				 * This is a transient condition. Retry after yielding.
				 */
				Thread.yield();
				continue;
			}
			if (server.isAlive()) {
				return (server);
			}
			// Shouldn't actually happen.. but must be transient or a bug.
			server = null;
			Thread.yield();
		}
		return server;
	}

	@Override
	public Server choose(Object key) {
		return choose(getLoadBalancer(), key);
	}
	@Override
	public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

}

新建MySelfRule类:

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule;

@Configuration
public class MySelfRule
{
	@Bean
	public IRule myRule()
	{
		//return new RandomRule();// Ribbon默认是轮询,我自定义为随机
		//return new RoundRobinRule();// Ribbon默认是轮询,我自定义为随机
		
		return new RandomRule_ZY();// 我自定义为每台机器5次
	}
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/z_alvin/article/details/81432148