DRF ——视图，路由和渲染器

DRF 的视图，路由和渲染器

---

1 视图

简单的增删改查 ： ModelViewSet; 复杂的操作使用APIView 和 GenericViewSet

APIView(View)

class HomeView(APIView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        user_list = UserInfo.objects.all()
        ser = IndexSerializer(user_list,many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

GenericAPIView(APIView)

    注意 GenericAPIView 和 GenericViewSet 都需要    queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()； serializer_class = IndexSerializer 否则会报错

    class HomeView(GenericAPIView):
        queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
        serializer_class = IndexSerializer
        pagination_class = PageNumberPagination
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            user_list = self.get_queryset()
            p = self.paginator
            page_user_list = p.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list, request=request, view=self)
            ser = IndexSerializer(page_user_list,many=True)
            return p.get_paginated_response(ser.data)

GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView)

使用之后需要修改路由, 分发请求做不同的操作

    注意 GenericAPIView 和 GenericViewSet 都需要    queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()； serializer_class = IndexSerializer 否则会报错



    修改路由 url(r'^home/', HomeView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}))
            url(r'^home/(?P<id>\d+)', HomeView.as_view({'get':'retrieve'}))


    修改视图的方法

        class HomeView(GenericViewSet):
            queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
            serializer_class = IndexSerializer
            pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

            def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                ..
            def create():...
            def retrieve():...

ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet)

url(r'^home/$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}),name='home'),
url(r'^home/(?P<pk>\d+)$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','patch':'partial_update','delete':'destroy'})),


class HomeViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IndexSerializer
    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

# 不需要自定义方法

    'get':'retrieve'  == >>  权限的粒度 达到 单条对象级别，即单条数据  权限认证 check_object_permission

注意： GenericAPIView之后 , GenericViewSet ，ModelViewSet 内部都会检测 queryset和serializer_class，
都需要 queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()； serializer_class = IndexSerializer 否则会报错

2 路由

需要配置一套 .(?P\w+) 来请求不同的数据类型

自定义路由

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import s11_render

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),
    url(r'^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),
    url(r'^test/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),
    url(r'^test/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', s11_render.TestView.as_view())
]


from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .. import models


class TestView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(kwargs)
        print(self.renderer_classes)
        return Response('...')

半自动路由

url(r'^home/$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}),name='home'),
url(r'^home/(?P<pk>\d+)$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','patch':'partial_update','delete':'destroy'})),
url(r'^home\.(?P<format>\w+)$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}),name='home'),
url(r'^home/(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>\w+)$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','patch':'partial_update','delete':'destroy'})),
]


from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework import serializers
from .. import models


class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = "__all__"


class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

全自动路由

注意 serializer 需要使用 modelserailizer 全部字段
view 需要 viewset(对应不同的数据处理方式)

    from django.conf.urls import url, include
    from rest_framework import routers
    from web.views import UserViewSet


    router = routers.DefaultRouter()
    router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)

    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
    ]


    from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
    from rest_framework import serializers
    from .. import models


    class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.UserInfo
            fields = "__all__"


    class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
        queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
        serializer_class = UserSerializer

3 渲染器

根据 用户请求URL 或 用户可接受的类型，筛选出合适的 渲染组件

renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,BrowsableAPIRenderer,AdminRenderer]

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json