AMBA
APB
APB2接口
PCLK -Peripheral clock
PADDR[..] -Peripheral address bus
PWRITE -Peripheral read/write signal
PWDATA[..] -Peripheral write data bus
PRDATA[..] -Peripheral read data bus
PSELx -Individual slave select signals
PENABLE -Peripheral data enable
#
读时序
- PWRITE为0时表示读数据
- T0时刻PSEL为0，没有APB Bus上的操作
- T1时刻PSEL为1，PENABLE为0，此时为setup阶段，APB Bus上传输要读的地址
- T2时刻PSEL为1，PENABLE为1，此时为access阶段，APB Bus上传输读出的数据Data1，在这个时刻数据返回。
写时序
- PWRITE为1时表示写数据
- T0时刻PSEL为0，没有APB Bus上的操作
- T1时刻PSEL为1，PENABLE为0，此时为setup阶段，APB Bus上传输要写的地址
- T2时刻PSEL为1，PENABLE为1，此时为access阶段，APB Bus上传写入的数据Data1
由于APB只要操作register，所以APB操作只有两拍足够。 APB3和APB4两拍是不够的
APB3接口
PCLK -Peripheral clock
PADDR[..] -Peripheral address bus
PWRITE -Peripheral read/write signal
PWDATA[..] -Peripheral write data bus
PRDATA[..] -Peripheral read data bus
PSELx -Individual slave select signals
PENABLE -Peripheral data enable
PREADY -Peripheral cannot respnd immediately
PSLVERR -Peripheral errorAPB3比APB2多了PREADY和PSLVERR信号，这两个都是output信号。 由于PREADY的信号的存在，APB3多了一个wait state的状态，所以APB3可能在两拍里面就完成不了数据传输，以有wait state的写时序为例
- 在setup阶段后面PREADY拉低了，这个时候表示IP还没准备好，数据不会写入
- 再过了一拍之后,PREADY拉高，IP准备好了，这个时候APB3 Bus上的数据会写入到相应寄存器。
什么情况下产生Error response？(PSLVERR)
APB的外设可以选择产生或者不产生error response，如果不产生的话，只需要把连接APB外设的模块（比如APB bridge）对应PSLVERR端口接0即可
在以下情况下，APB的模块需要产生error response：
- 在访问APB外设的寄存器的时候，APB外设在功能设计的时候，认为此时应该产生error，具体情况要取决于外设的设计
- 对于APB4的外设，如果能支持secure的话，当外设的secure寄存器被non-secure的transfer访问的时候，这时候需要产生error
- 如果APB对unused（没有分配地址空间）的地址空间访问时候，这时候需要产生error。
APB4接口
PCLK -Peripheral clock
PADDR[..] -Peripheral address bus
PWRITE -Peripheral read/write signal
PWDATA[..] -Peripheral write data bus
PRDATA[..] -Peripheral read data bus
PSELx -Individual slave select signals
PENABLE -Peripheral data enable
PREADY -Peripheral cannot respnd immediately
PSLVERR -Peripheral error
PPROT[..] -Some attributes signals
PSTRB[..] -Indicate which byte lanes to update in memory| Bit | 0 | 1 |
|---|---|---|
| PPROT[0] | Normal Access | Privileged Access |
| PPROT[1] | Secure Access | Non-Secure Access |
| PPROT[2] | Data | Instruction |
APB Demo
下面是一个APB4 Slave的Demo，简化起见，不支持PPROT信号，PREADY常为1，不支持wait state，PSLVERR常为0，不返回错误。
从上图可以看到整个IP包含两个module，一个是apb4 interface，另一个是IP的register。下图是IP内部register的定义，这个IP很简单，没有control register和status register，只有data register。
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代码实现
顶层模块 cmsdk_apb4_eg_slave
module cmsdk_apb4_eg_slave # (
paramter ADDRWIDTH = 12 )
(
input wire PCLK,
input wire PRESETn,
input wire PSEL,
input wire[ADDRWIDTH-1:0] PADDR,
input wire PENABLE,
input wire PWRITE,
input wire[31:0] PWDATA,
input wire[3:0] PSTRB,
input wire[3:0] ECOREVNUM
output wire[31:0] PRDATA,
output wire PREADY,
output wire PSLVERR);
wire[ADDRWIDTH-1:0] reg_addr;
wire reg_read_en;
wire reg_write_en;
wire[3:0] reg_byte_strobe;
wire[31:0] reg_wdata;
wire[31:0] reg_rdata;
cmsdk_apb4_eg_slave_interface
#(.ADDRWIDTH (ADDRWIDTH))
u_apb_eg_slave_interface (
// APB4 interface
.pclk (PCLK),
.presetn (PRESETn),
.psel (PSEL),
.paddr (PADDR),
.penable (PENABLE),
.pwrite (PWRITE),
.pstrb (PSTRB),
.prdata (PRDATA),
.pready (PREADY),
.pslverr (PSLVERR),
// Register interface
.addr (reg_addr),
.read_en (reg_read_en),
.write_en (reg_write_en),
.byte_strobe (reg_byte_strobe),
.wdata (reg_wdata),
.rdata (reg_data)
);
cmsdk_apb4_eg_slave_reg
#(.ADDRWIDTH(ADDRWIDTH))
u_apb_eg_slave_reg (
.pclk (PCLK),
.presetn (PRESETn),
.addr (reg_addr),
.read_en (reg_read_en),
.write_en (reg_write_en),
.byte_strobe (reg_byte_strobe),
.wdata (reg_wdata),
.ecorevnum (ECOREVNUM),
.rdata (reg_rdata)
);
endmodulecmsdk_apb4_eg_slave_interface
module cmsdk_apb4_eg_slave_interface #(
parameter ADDRWIDTH = 12)
(
input wire pclk,
input wire presetn,
//apb interface inputs
input wire psel,
input wire[ADDRWIDTH-1:0] paddr,
input wire penable,
input wire pwrite,
input wire[31:0] pwdata,
input wire[3:0] pstrb,
//apb interface outputs
output wire[31:0] prdata,
output wire pready,
output wire pslverr,
//register interface
output wire[ADDRWIDTH-1:0] addr,
output wire read_en,
output wire write_en,
output wire[3:0] byte_strobe,
output wire[31:0] wdata,
input wire[31:0] rdata
);
//APB interface
assign pready = 1'b1; //Always readay. Can be customized to support waitstate if required.
assign pslverr = 1'b0; //Always OKAY. Can be customized to support error response if required.
// register read and write signal
assign addr = paddr;
assign read_en = psel & (~pwrite); //assert for whole apb read transfer;
assign write_en = psel & (~penable) & pwrite; //assert for the 1st cycle of write transfer.
assign byte_strobe = pstrb;
assign wdata = pwdata;
assign prdata = rdata;
endmodulecmsdk_apb4_eg_slave_reg
module cmsdk_apb4_eg_slave_reg #(
parameter ADDRWIDTH = 12)
(
input wire pclk,
input wire presetn,
input wire[ADDRWIDTH-1:0] addr,
input wire read_en,
input wire write_en,
input wire[3:0] byte_strobe,
input wire[31:0] wdata,
input wire[3:0] ecorevnum,
output reg[31:0] rdata);
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID4 = 32'h00000004;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID5 = 32'h00000000;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID6 = 32'h00000000;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID7 = 32'h00000000;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID0 = 32'h00000019;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID1 = 32'h000000B8;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID2 = 32'h0000001B;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID3 = 32'h00000000;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_CID0 = 32'h00000000;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_CID1 = 32'h000000F0;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_CID2 = 32'h00000005;
localparam ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_CID3 = 32'h000000B1;
reg[31:0] data0;
reg[31:0] data1;
reg[31:0] data2;
reg[31:0] data3;
wire[3:0] wr_sel;
//module logic start
//address decoding for write operations
assign wr_sel[0] = ((addr[(ADDRWIDTH-1):2]==10'b00000000)&(write_en)) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
assign wr_sel[1] = ((addr[(ADDRWIDTH-1):2]==10'b00000001)&(write_en)) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
assign wr_sel[2] = ((addr[(ADDRWIDTH-1):2]==10'b00000010)&(write_en)) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
assign wr_sel[3] = ((addr[(ADDRWIDTH-1):2]==10'b00000011)&(write_en)) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
//register write, byte enable
always @ (posedge pclk or negedge presetn) begin
if (~presetn) begin
data1 <= {32{1'b0}};
end else if (wr_sel[0]) begin
if (byte_strobe[0])
data0[7:0] <= wdata[7:0]
if (byte_strobe[1])
data0[15:8] <= wdata[15:8]
if (byte_strobe[2])
data0[23:16] <= wdata[23:16]
if (byte_strobe[3])
data0[31:24] <= wdata[31:24]
end
end
always @ (posedge pclk or negedge presetn) begin
if (~presetn) begin
data1 <= {32{1'b0}};
end else if (wr_sel[1]) begin
if (byte_strobe[0])
data1[7:0] <= wdata[7:0]
if (byte_strobe[1])
data1[15:8] <= wdata[15:8]
if (byte_strobe[2])
data1[23:16] <= wdata[23:16]
if (byte_strobe[3])
data1[31:24] <= wdata[31:24]
end
end
always @ (posedge pclk or negedge presetn) begin
if (~presetn) begin
data1 <= {32{1'b0}};
end else if (wr_sel[2]) begin
if (byte_strobe[0])
data2[7:0] <= wdata[7:0]
if (byte_strobe[1])
data2[15:8] <= wdata[15:8]
if (byte_strobe[2])
data2[23:16] <= wdata[23:16]
if (byte_strobe[3])
data2[31:24] <= wdata[31:24]
end
end
always @ (posedge pclk or negedge presetn) begin
if (~presetn) begin
data1 <= {32{1'b0}};
end else if (wr_sel[3]) begin
if (byte_strobe[0])
data3[7:0] <= wdata[7:0]
if (byte_strobe[1])
data3[15:8] <= wdata[15:8]
if (byte_strobe[2])
data3[23:16] <= wdata[23:16]
if (byte_strobe[3])
data3[31:24] <= wdata[31:24]
end
end
always @ (read_en or addr or data0 or data1 or data2 or data3 or ecorevnum) begin
case (read_en)
1'b1: begin
if (addr[11:4] == 8'h00) begin
case(addr[3:2])
2'b00: rdata = data0;
2'b01: rdata = data1;
2'b10: rdata = data2;
2'b11: rdata = data3;
default: rdata = {32{1'bx}};
endcase
end else if (addr[11:6] == 6'h3F) begin
case(addr[5:2])
4'b0100: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID4;
4'b0101: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID5;
4'b0110: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID6;
4'b0111: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID7;
4'b1000: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID0;
4'b1001: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID1;
4'b1010: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID2;
4'b1011: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_PID3;
4'b1100: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_CID0;
4'b1101: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_CID1;
4'b1110: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_CID2;
4'b1111: rdata = ARM_CMSDK_APB4_EG_SLAVE_CID3;
4'b0000, 4'b0001, 4'b0010, 4'b0011: rdata = {32'h00000000};
default: rdata = {32{1'bx}};
endcase
end else begin
rdata = {32'h00000000};
end
end
1'b0: begin
rdata = {32{1'b0}};
end
default: begin
rdata = {32{1'bx}};
end
endcase
end
endmodule仿真波形
测试脚本很简单，就是往data1寄存器写入0x12345678，然后读出进行比较
I
L 50
W 0x10000004 0x12345678 w incr p0000 nolock okay
I
L 10
P 0x10000004 0x12345678 t3
q
上图是ahb_interface上的波形，第一次红的地方就是写数据到IP中，第二次蓝的地方就是从IP register中读数据出来，波形跟AMBA手册上的波形一模一样。
