Catalina中使用Digester解析XML(server.xml)配置文件并创建应用服务器。
Digester是一款用于将XML转换为Java对象的事件驱动型工具，是对SAX的高层次封装，它提供了更加友好的接口，隐藏了XML节点具体的层次细节，使开发者可以更加专注于处理过程。
Digester最早作为Appache Struts的一部分，后来考虑其通用性，将其移动到了Appache Commons项目。
Tomcat中使用Digester API，但并不依赖Appache Commons包，而是将其源代码直接移植到Tomcat项目中。
Digester匹配模式(server.xml)
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
<Listener SSLEngine="on" className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener"/>
<!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener"/>
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource auth="Container" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" name="UserDatabase" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"/>
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector URIEncoding="utf-8" connectionTimeout="20000" port="8088" protocol="HTTP/1.1" redirectPort="8553"/>
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8553"/>
<Engine defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host appBase="webapps" autoDeploy="true" name="localhost" unpackWARs="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" prefix="localhost_access_log." resolveHosts="false" suffix=".txt"/>
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>Digester定义操作规则（Rule）
/**
* Create and configure the Digester we will be using for startup.
* @return the main digester to parse server.xml
*/
protected Digester createStartDigester() {
long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();
// Initialize the digester
Digester digester = new Digester();
digester.setValidating(false);
digester.setRulesValidation(true);
HashMap<Class<?>, List<String>> fakeAttributes = new HashMap<>();
ArrayList<String> attrs = new ArrayList<>();
attrs.add("className");
fakeAttributes.put(Object.class, attrs);
digester.setFakeAttributes(fakeAttributes);
digester.setUseContextClassLoader(true);
// Configure the actions we will be using
digester.addObjectCreate("Server",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server");
digester.addSetNext("Server",
"setServer",
"org.apache.catalina.Server");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
"org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/GlobalNamingResources");
digester.addSetNext("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
"setGlobalNamingResources",
"org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Listener");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service",
"addService",
"org.apache.catalina.Service");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Listener");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
//Executor
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Executor",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardThreadExecutor",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Executor");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Executor",
"addExecutor",
"org.apache.catalina.Executor");
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
new ConnectorCreateRule());
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
new SetAllPropertiesRule(new String[]{"executor", "sslImplementationName"}));
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector",
"addConnector",
"org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfig");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig",
"addSslHostConfig",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfig");
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
new CertificateCreateRule());
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
new SetAllPropertiesRule(new String[]{"type"}));
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
"addCertificate",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfigCertificate");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLConf");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf",
"setOpenSslConf",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLConf");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf/OpenSSLConfCmd",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLConfCmd");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf/OpenSSLConfCmd");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf/OpenSSLConfCmd",
"addCmd",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLConfCmd");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/Listener");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol",
"addUpgradeProtocol",
"org.apache.coyote.UpgradeProtocol");
// Add RuleSets for nested elements
digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/GlobalNamingResources/"));
digester.addRuleSet(new EngineRuleSet("Server/Service/"));
digester.addRuleSet(new HostRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/"));
digester.addRuleSet(new ContextRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/"));
addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Host/Cluster/");
digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/Context/"));
// When the 'engine' is found, set the parentClassLoader.
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Engine",
new SetParentClassLoaderRule(parentClassLoader));
addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Cluster/");
long t2=System.currentTimeMillis();
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Digester for server.xml created " + ( t2-t1 ));
}
return (digester);
}1.addObjectCreate(String rule,Class class)
设置节点与Java对象的映射规则，rule指定节点的筛选规则，class设置映射对象。SAX解析时，遇到rule指定的节节点，会创建一个class实例放入堆栈中。
比如：digester.addObjectCreate(“Server”,
“org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer”,
“className”);.解析遇到Server节点时，会创建一个org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer实例并放入堆栈中。
2.addSetProperties(String rule)
设置节点的属性设置规则。当解析遇到符合rule的节点时，根据属性列表中的属性值对，使用Java反射机制使用标准的JavaBean方法设置栈顶对象实例；
比如：digester.addSetProperties(“Server”),解析遇到Server节点时，会获取键值对，获得栈顶的StandardServer对象，设置实例的globalNamingResources、port等属性；解析元素上的属性
3.addBeanPropertySetter(String rule)
该方法的作用及使用方法类似于addSetProperties，只不过它是用rule所指定的标签来调用对象的setter。
4.addSetNext(String rule,String methodName)
设置当前rule节点与父节点的调用规则，当遇到rule节点时，调用堆栈中的次栈顶元素调用methodName方法。将栈顶元素作为次顶元素指定方法的输入参数。
比如: digester.addSetNext(“Server”,
“setServer”,
“org.apache.catalina.Server”),调用Server实例的setServer，org.apache.catalina.Server为参数类型。
5.addCallMethod(String rule,String methodName,int paraNumber)
该方法同样设置对象的属性，但更加灵活，不需要对象具有setter
根据rule规则指定的属性，调用对象的methodName方法，paraNumber参数是表示方法需要的参数个数，当paraNumber=0时，可以单独使用，不然需要配合addCallParam方法
6.addCallParam(String rule,int paraIndex,String attributeName)
该方法与addCallMethod配合使用，根据rule指定的标签属性来调用方法
paraIndex表明需要填充的方法形参序号，从0开始，方法由addCallMethdo指定，attributeName指定标签属性名；