数论一些奇怪的模板题(贺题福利)

只有题名和代码.

法雷序列(欧拉函数的前缀和)

#pragma GCC optimize("inline,Ofast",3)
#include<bits/stdc++.h> //Ithea Myse Valgulious
namespace chtholly{
typedef long long ll;
#define re0 register int
#define rec register char
#define rel register ll
#define gc getchar
#define pc putchar
#define p32 pc(' ')
#define pl puts("")
/*By Citrus*/
inline int read(){
  int x=0,f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c);c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return f?x:-x;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline bool read(mitsuha &x){
  x=0;int f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c)&&~c;c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  if (!~c) return 0;
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return x=f?x:-x,1;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline int write(mitsuha x){
  if (!x) return 0&pc(48);
  if (x<0) x=-x,pc('-');
  int bit[20],i,p=0;
  for (;x;x/=10) bit[++p]=x%10;
  for (i=p;i;--i) pc(bit[i]+48);
  return 0;
  }
inline char fuhao(){
  char c=gc();
  for (;isspace(c);c=gc());
  return c;
  }
}using namespace chtholly;
using namespace std;
const int yuzu=1e6;
typedef int fuko[yuzu|10];
fuko p={1,1},pr;
ll phi[yuzu|10];
int cnt;

void pre(){
int i,j;
for (i=2;i<=yuzu;++i){
  if (!p[i]) pr[++cnt]=i,phi[i]=i-1;
  for (j=1;j<=cnt&&pr[j]*i<=yuzu;++j){
    int t=i*pr[j];
    p[i*pr[j]]=1;
    if (!(i%pr[j])){
      phi[i*pr[j]]=phi[i]*pr[j];
      break;
      }else{
      phi[i*pr[j]]=phi[i]*(pr[j]-1);
      }
    }
  phi[i]+=phi[i-1];
  }
}

int main(){
pre();
write(phi[read()]);
}

组合数取模(卡速米求逆元)

// #pragma GCC optimize("inline,Ofast",3)
#include<bits/stdc++.h> //Ithea Myse Valgulious
namespace chtholly{
typedef long long ll;
#define re0 register int
#define rec register char
#define rel register ll
#define gc getchar
#define pc putchar
#define p32 pc(' ')
#define pl puts("")
/*By Citrus*/
inline int read(){
  int x=0,f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c);c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return f?x:-x;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline bool read(mitsuha &x){
  x=0;int f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c)&&~c;c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  if (!~c) return 0;
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return x=f?x:-x,1;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline int write(mitsuha x){
  if (!x) return 0&pc(48);
  if (x<0) x=-x,pc('-');
  int bit[20],i,p=0;
  for (;x;x/=10) bit[++p]=x%10;
  for (i=p;i;--i) pc(bit[i]+48);
  return 0;
  }
inline char fuhao(){
  char c=gc();
  for (;isspace(c);c=gc());
  return c;
  }
}using namespace chtholly;
using namespace std;
const int yuzu=1e5;
ll jic[yuzu|10]={1},inv[yuzu|10];
int n=read(),m=read(),mod=read();

ll kasumi(ll a,ll b=mod-2){
ll s=1;
for (;b;b>>=1,a=a*a%mod) if (b&1) s=s*a%mod;
return s;
}

ll c(int n,int m){
return jic[n]*inv[n-m]%mod*inv[m]%mod;
}

int main(){
int i;
for (i=1;i<=yuzu;++i) jic[i]=jic[i-1]*i%mod;
for (i=yuzu;~i;--i) inv[i]=kasumi(jic[i]);
write(c(n,m));
}

乘法逆元(扩展欧几里得求逆元)

// #pragma GCC optimize("inline,Ofast",3)
#include<bits/stdc++.h> //Ithea Myse Valgulious
namespace chtholly{
typedef long long ll;
#define re0 register int
#define rec register char
#define rel register ll
#define gc getchar
#define pc putchar
#define p32 pc(' ')
#define pl puts("")
/*By Citrus*/
inline int read(){
  int x=0,f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c);c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return f?x:-x;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline bool read(mitsuha &x){
  x=0;int f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c)&&~c;c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  if (!~c) return 0;
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return x=f?x:-x,1;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline int write(mitsuha x){
  if (!x) return 0&pc(48);
  if (x<0) x=-x,pc('-');
  int bit[20],i,p=0;
  for (;x;x/=10) bit[++p]=x%10;
  for (i=p;i;--i) pc(bit[i]+48);
  return 0;
  }
inline char fuhao(){
  char c=gc();
  for (;isspace(c);c=gc());
  return c;
  }
}using namespace chtholly;
using namespace std;
ll a,mod;

ll exgcd(ll a,ll b,ll &x,ll &y){
if (!b) return x=1,y=0,a;
ll gcd=exgcd(b,a%b,y,x);
return y-=a/b*x,gcd;
}

int main(){
ll x,y;
read(a),read(mod);
ll gcd=exgcd(a,mod,x,y);
write(gcd^1?-1:(x%mod+mod)%mod);
}

筛素数(埃氏筛(线性筛)求素数)

#pragma GCC optimize("inline,Ofast",3)
#include<bits/stdc++.h> //Ithea Myse Valgulious
namespace chtholly{
typedef long long ll;
#define re0 register int
#define rec register char
#define rel register ll
#define gc getchar
#define pc putchar
#define p32 pc(' ')
#define pl puts("")
/*By Citrus*/
inline int read(){
  int x=0,f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c);c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return f?x:-x;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline bool read(mitsuha &x){
  x=0;int f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c)&&~c;c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  if (!~c) return 0;
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return x=f?x:-x,1;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline int write(mitsuha x){
  if (!x) return 0&pc(48);
  if (x<0) x=-x,pc('-');
  int bit[20],i,p=0;
  for (;x;x/=10) bit[++p]=x%10;
  for (i=p;i;--i) pc(bit[i]+48);
  return 0;
  }
inline char fuhao(){
  char c=gc();
  for (;isspace(c);c=gc());
  return c;
  }
}using namespace chtholly;
using namespace std;
const int yuzu=1e7;
int p[yuzu|10];

void doing_prime(){
int i,j;
for (i=2;i*i<=yuzu;++i){
  if (p[i]){
    for (j=i<<1;j<=yuzu;j+=i) p[j]=0;
    }
  }
for (i=3;i<=yuzu;++i) p[i]+=p[i-1];
}

int main(){
fill(p+2,p+yuzu+1,1);
doing_prime();
write(p[read()]);
}

欧拉函数(O(sqrt(n))求欧拉函数)

#include<bits/stdc++.h> //Ithea Myse Valgulious
namespace chtholly{
typedef long long ll;
#define re0 register int
#define rec register char
#define rel register ll
#define gc getchar
#define pc putchar
#define p32 pc(' ')
#define pl puts("")
/*By Citrus*/
inline int read(){
  int x=0,f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c);c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return f?x:-x;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline bool read(mitsuha &x){
  x=0;int f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c)&&~c;c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  if (!~c) return 0;
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return x=f?x:-x,1;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline int write(mitsuha x){
  if (!x) return 0&pc(48);
  if (x<0) x=-x,pc('-');
  int bit[20],i,p=0;
  for (;x;x/=10) bit[++p]=x%10;
  for (i=p;i;--i) pc(bit[i]+48);
  return 0;
  }
inline char fuhao(){
  char c=gc();
  for (;isspace(c);c=gc());
  return c;
  }
}using namespace chtholly;
using namespace std;

int phi(int x){
int i,llx=x;//%llx
for (i=2;i*i<=x;++i){
  if (!(x%i)) for (llx=llx/i*(i-1);!(x%i);x/=i);
  }return x>1?llx/x*(x-1):llx;
}

int main(){
write(phi(read()));
}

网格的走法(卡特兰数取模)

#include<bits/stdc++.h> //Ithea Myse Valgulious
namespace chtholly{
typedef long long ll;
#define re0 register int
#define rec register char
#define rel register ll
#define gc getchar
#define pc putchar
#define p32 pc(' ')
#define pl puts("")
/*By Citrus*/
inline int read(){
  int x=0,f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c);c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return f?x:-x;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline bool read(mitsuha &x){
  x=0;int f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c)&&~c;c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  if (!~c) return 0;
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return x=f?x:-x,1;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline int write(mitsuha x){
  if (!x) return 0&pc(48);
  if (x<0) x=-x,pc('-');
  int bit[20],i,p=0;
  for (;x;x/=10) bit[++p]=x%10;
  for (i=p;i;--i) pc(bit[i]+48);
  return 0;
  }
inline char fuhao(){
  char c=gc();
  for (;isspace(c);c=gc());
  return c;
  }
}using namespace chtholly;
using namespace std;
const int yuzu=2e5,mod=1e9+7;
ll jic[yuzu|10]={1},inv[yuzu|10];

ll kasumi(ll a,ll b=mod-2){
ll s=1;
for (;b;b>>=1,a=a*a%mod) if (b&1) s=s*a%mod;
return s;
}

ll f(int x){
return jic[x<<1]*inv[x]%mod*inv[x+1]%mod;
}

int main(){
int i;
for (i=1;i<=yuzu;++i) jic[i]=jic[i-1]*i%mod;
inv[yuzu]=kasumi(jic[yuzu]);
for (i=yuzu-1;~i;--i) inv[i]=inv[i+1]*(i+1)%mod;
write(f(read()));
}

又一个小球问题(第一类斯特林数)

#include<bits/stdc++.h> //Ithea Myse Valgulious
namespace chtholly{
typedef long long ll;
#define re0 register int
#define rec register char
#define rel register ll
#define gc getchar
#define pc putchar
#define p32 pc(' ')
#define pl puts("")
/*By Citrus*/
inline int read(){
  int x=0,f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c);c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return f?x:-x;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline bool read(mitsuha &x){
  x=0;int f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c)&&~c;c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  if (!~c) return 0;
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return x=f?x:-x,1;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline int write(mitsuha x){
  if (!x) return 0&pc(48);
  if (x<0) x=-x,pc('-');
  int bit[20],i,p=0;
  for (;x;x/=10) bit[++p]=x%10;
  for (i=p;i;--i) pc(bit[i]+48);
  return 0;
  }
inline char fuhao(){
  char c=gc();
  for (;isspace(c);c=gc());
  return c;
  }
}using namespace chtholly;
using namespace std;
const int mod=1e9+7;
ll sti[1010][1010];

ll s(int p,int k){
if (!k) return 0;if (p==k) return 1;
if (~sti[p][k]) return sti[p][k];
return sti[p][k]=((p-1)*s(p-1,k)%mod+s(p-1,k-1))%mod;
}

int main(){
int p=read(),k=read();
memset(sti,-1,sizeof sti);
write(s(p,k));
}

叕一个小球问题(第二类斯特林数)

#include<bits/stdc++.h> //Ithea Myse Valgulious
namespace chtholly{
typedef long long ll;
#define re0 register int
#define rec register char
#define rel register ll
#define gc getchar
#define pc putchar
#define p32 pc(' ')
#define pl puts("")
/*By Citrus*/
inline int read(){
  int x=0,f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c);c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return f?x:-x;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline bool read(mitsuha &x){
  x=0;int f=1;char c=gc();
  for (;!isdigit(c)&&~c;c=gc()) f^=c=='-';
  if (!~c) return 0;
  for (;isdigit(c);c=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^'0');
  return x=f?x:-x,1;
  }
template <typename mitsuha>
inline int write(mitsuha x){
  if (!x) return 0&pc(48);
  if (x<0) x=-x,pc('-');
  int bit[20],i,p=0;
  for (;x;x/=10) bit[++p]=x%10;
  for (i=p;i;--i) pc(bit[i]+48);
  return 0;
  }
inline char fuhao(){
  char c=gc();
  for (;isspace(c);c=gc());
  return c;
  }
}using namespace chtholly;
using namespace std;
const int mod=1e9+7;
ll sti[1010][1010];

ll s(int p,int k){
if (!k) return 0;if (p==k) return 1;
if (~sti[p][k]) return sti[p][k];
return sti[p][k]=(k*s(p-1,k)%mod+s(p-1,k-1))%mod;
}

int main(){
int p=read(),k=read();
memset(sti,-1,sizeof sti);
write(s(p,k));
}