HashMap与HashTable比较总结

1.继承的类

首先HashTable产生于JDK1.0,HashMap产生于JDK1.2,看类声明:

public class Hashtable<K,V>
    extends Dictionary<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {

其中HashTable多继承了一个Dictionary,但是在Dictionary类注释上有这么一句话,标识其已经废除了,多了一个elements方法,一个contains方法,contains与containsValue方法一样的。

 * <strong>NOTE: This class is obsolete.  New implementations should
 * implement the Map interface, rather than extending this class.</strong>

2.键值为null情况

HashTable允许key与value为null的情况,HashTable不允许

3.初始化容量与扩容

HashTable初始化容量为11,每次扩容2n+1

HashMap初始化容量为16,每次扩容为原来2倍

如果在创建对象时给定大小,HashTable为指定的大小,HashMap为2的指定的幂次方大小

4.线程安全

HashTable为线程安全的,但是已经不推荐使用,要使用用ConcurrentHashMap

HashMap线程不安全

 * Java Collections Framework</a>.  Unlike the new collection
 * implementations, {@code Hashtable} is synchronized.  If a
 * thread-safe implementation is not needed, it is recommended to use
 * {@link HashMap} in place of {@code Hashtable}.  If a thread-safe
 * highly-concurrent implementation is desired, then it is recommended
 * to use {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap} in place of
 * {@code Hashtable}.

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转载自blog.csdn.net/u012326462/article/details/81105741