--主要通过xtrabackup工具进行主同从步，导步读取数据再进行实时数据同步
－安装xtrabackup
－修改/etc/my.cnf，开启主从模式
－
－－－－
[root@nginx ~]# wget ftp://192.168.1.254/Other/libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
[root@nginx ~]# wget ftp://192.168.1.254/Other/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 rsync perl-DBD-MySQL libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@nginx /]# vim /etc/my.cnf
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[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 10
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog-format = statement
relay-log = relay-log
[root@nginx /]# systemctl restart mariadb.service
[root@nginx /]# mysql -uroot -p123123
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'repl'@'%' identified by 'lper';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to repl@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@nginx /]# innobackupex --slave-info --user='root' --password='123123' --host='localhost' --no-timestamp /abc
...
[root@nginx /]# scp -r -P 10022 abc/ 192.168.1.20:/
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－－高手文档摘要
mysql 主从搭建
#--------------------ALL---------------------------#
1、配置 yum 源，安装 mysql-5.7.17
[local_soft]
name=Local Base Soft
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/public"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
清理缓存
yum clean all
#--------------------master------------------------#
在 mysql-master 上修改 my.cnf 打开 binlog 并添加 server_id
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 18
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog-format = statement
relay-log = relay-log
重启服务 systemctl restart mysqld
初始化master
reset master;
添加同步用户
create user 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'lper';
grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to repl@'%';
安装备份工具 xtrabackup
yum install -y percona-xtrabackup-24
备份数据库
slave-info 记录 show master 的信息
innobackupex --slave-info --user="root" --password="toor" \
--host="localhost" --no-timestamp ./backup
#--------------------slave-------------------------#
安装 mysql server 和 xtrabackup
yum install -y mysql-community-server percona-xtrabackup-24
使用 innobackup 恢复备份
innobackupex --apply-log backup
innobackupex --copy-back ./backup
恢复权限
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
设置 mysql slave 的my.cnf 增加 server_id 及 binlog 配置
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 17
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog-format = statement
relay-log = relay-log
启动 mysql 设置主从，binlog 文件及其执行位置在 /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info 查找
reset slave;
change master to master_host='192.168.1.18',\
master_user='repl',master_password='lper',\
master_log_file="mysql-bin.000001", master_log_pos=615;
start slave;
检查验证
show slave status\G
#------------------semi sync master----------------#
查看 mysql 插件
show plugins;
安装半同步插件
install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
开启半同步
set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;
等待超时时间
设置此参数值（ms）,为了防止半同步复制在没有收到确认的情况下发生堵塞，如果Master在超时
之前没有收到任何确认，将恢复到正常的异步复制，并继续执行没有半同步的复制操作。
set global rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000;
查看状态
show global variables like '%rpl_semi%';
show global status like '%rpl_semi%';
#------------------semi sync slave-----------------#
查看 mysql 插件
show plugins;
安装半同步插件
install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
开启半同步
set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
查看状态
show global variables like '%rpl_semi%';
重启 IO 线程
stop slave io_thread;
start slave io_thread;
#----------------------mha node--------------------#
安装 mha node 节点包
yum install gcc pcre-devel pkgconfig autoconf automake perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-CPAN perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL
安装 mha4mysql-node
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
#--------------------mha manager-------------------#
# mha 官方网站 https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-manager/wiki/Downloads
安装 mha node 节点包
yum install -y gcc pcre-devel pkgconfig autoconf automake perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-CPAN perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL
安装 mha4mysql-node
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
安装 mha manager 节点
安装依赖软件包
yum install -y perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes
安装 mha 管理节点
perl Makefile.PL
[Core Features]
- DBI ...loaded. (1.627)
- DBD::mysql ...loaded. (4.023)
- Time::HiRes ...loaded. (1.9725)
- Config::Tiny ...loaded. (2.14)
- Log::Dispatch ...loaded. (2.41)
- Parallel::ForkManager ...loaded. (1.18)
- MHA::NodeConst ...loaded. (0.56)
*** Module::AutoInstall configuration finished.
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
make
make install
mha 是依靠 ssh 远程配置管理 mysql 服务器的，所以要求管理节点机器到所有 mysql
机器能做到 ssh 免密码登录
/etc/ssh/ssh_config 配置不校验 host key，不输人 yes
StrictHostKeyChecking no
cd /root/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -N '' -f id_rsa
for i in mysql{15..18};do
ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub ${i}
done
把私钥 id_rsa 拷贝给所有 mysql 主机
for i in mysql{15..18};do
scp id_rsa ${i}:.ssh/id_rsa
done
mha 切换 vip 是靠脚本实现，vim 编辑脚本 master_ip_failover 设置 vip
（line:35）
my $vip = '192.168.1.10/24'; # Virtual IP
cp master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin/
chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
添加 默认配置文件 /etc/masterha_default.cnf 和 /etc/mha.cnf 配置文件
touch /etc/masterha_default.cnf
cat /etc/mha.cnf
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/mha.log
manager_workdir=/var/lib/mha
user=root
password=toor
repl_user=repl
repl_password=lper
ssh_user=root
ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/var/lib/mha
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
[server18]
candidate_master=1
hostname=mysql18
[server17]
candidate_master=1
hostname=mysql17
[server16]
hostname=mysql16
no_master=1
[server15]
hostname=mysql15
no_master=1
在当前的 master 上手工绑定 vip 执行检查测试
检查 ssh 免密码登录
masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha.cnf
检查 mysql 主从配置
masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha.cnf
排除所有错误，添加 root 用户远程登录权限
create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'toor';
grant ALL ON *.* to root@'%';
添加参数 relay_log_purge=0
启动 mha
masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha.cnf --ignore_last_failover
验证测试
#--------------------- mycat --------------------#
创建一个用于查询的用户
create user 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'daer';
grant select on *.* to 'read'@'%';
在机器上安装 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
拷贝 mycat 到 /usr/local/
配置 /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml
82: <property name="schemas">mydb</property>
97: <property name="schemas">mydb</property>
配置 /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="mydb" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100"
dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode dataHost="localhost1" database="mydb" name="dn1"/>
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="3"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native"
switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<!-- can have multi write hosts -->
<writeHost host="hostMaster" url="192.168.1.10:3306"
user="root"
password="toor">
<!-- can have multi read hosts -->
<readHost host="hostS2" url="mysql15:3306" user="read"
password="daer" />
<readHost host="hostS2" url="mysql16:3306" user="read"
password="daer" />
<readHost host="hostS2" url="mysql17:3306" user="read"
password="daer" />
<readHost host="hostS2" url="mysql18:3306" user="read"
password="daer" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
启动 mycat ,验证测试
/usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
配置文件注意事项:
conf/server.xml 可以不修改，但要注意
<property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
虚拟库名称，要和后面对应
schemas是这个用户下的逻辑数据库可以有多个逻辑数据库可以用“,”逗号隔开 用户名和密码是连接 mycat 的用户名和密码，与 mysql 实例的用户名密码无关 mycat默认的普通连接端口是8066，管理连接端口是9066 schema：逻辑数据库 dataNode：节点
dataHost：节点对应的读库写库的地址和连接
balance指的负载均衡类型，目前的取值有4种：
balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
balance="1"，全部的readHost与stand by writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡
balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
balance="3"，所有读请求随机的分发到wiriterHost对应的readhost执行，writerHost不负担读压力
switchType指的是切换的模式，目前的取值也有4种：
switchType='-1' 表示不自动切换
switchType='1' 默认值，表示自动切换
switchType='2' 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换,心跳语句为 show slavestatus
switchType='3' 基于MySQL galary cluster的切换机制（适合集群）（1.4.1），心跳语句为 show status like 'wsrep%'
WriteType参数设置：
writeType=“0”, 所有写操作都发送到可用的writeHost上。
writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到readHost。
writeType=“2”，所有写操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost分上发。
配置完成以后连接 mycat 查询
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.4.20 -P 8066 -e 'select @@hostname;'
多查询几次，可以看到轮询效果
第二台 mycat
安装 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
拷贝 /usr/local/mycat 到本机相同目录，启动服务即可
#--------------- haproxy keepalived--------------#
yum 安装 haproxy
修改 /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
listen mycat_3306 *:3306
mode tcp # mysql 得使用 tcp 协议
option tcpka # 使用长连接
balance leastconn # 最小连接调度算法
server mycat_01 192.168.1.13:8066 check inter 3000 rise 1 maxconn 1000 fall 3
server mycat_02 192.168.1.14:8066 check inter 3000 rise 1 maxconn 1000 fall 3
启动服务
可以在服务器上使用 ss -atn|grep "ESTAB.*8066" 查看后端和哪台服务建立连接了
为防止 haproxy 单点故障，配置两台 haproxy 使用 keepalived 实现高可用
第二台 haproxy 配置同第一台
keepalived 配置
yum 安装 keepalived
修改配置文件 keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id mycat
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy" # cheaper than pidof
interval 2 # check every 2 seconds
}
vrrp_instance Mycat {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
track_interface {
eth0
}
virtual_router_id 150
priority 200
! nopreempt
advert_int 2
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass test_mycat
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.100/24 brd 192.168.1.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy weight=0 # +2 if process is present
}
}
+-------------+ +-----------+ +--------------------------+
| keepalived | | +-----+ | | +--------+ +--------+ |
|-------------| | |mycat| | ==> | |mysql(M)|<==>|mysql(M)| |
| +-------+ | | +-----+ | | +--------+ +--------+ |
| |haproxy|=>| ==> | | | MHA或其他多主高可用方案 |
| +-------+ | | +-----+ | |-~-~-~-~-~-~~~~-~-~-~-~-~-|
client --> vip | |高| | | |mycat| | ==> | +--------+ +--------+ |
| |可| | | +-----+ | | |mysql(S)| 从 |mysql(S)| |
| |用| | | | | +--------+ 库 +--------+ |
| +-------+ | | +-----+ | | +--------+ 集 +--------+ |
| |haproxy|=>| ==> | |mycat| | ==> | |mysql(S)| 群 |mysql(S)| |
| +-------+ | | +-----+ | | +--------+ +--------+ |
+-------------+ +-----------+ +--------------------------+
#----------------------redis-----------------------#
源码安装 redis
安装编译工具
yum install gcc make automake pkgconfig
添加用户
adduser -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/lib/redis redis
编译安装 redis
make MALLOC=libc
make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/conf
cp *.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/
配置 redis 1主2从 redis.conf
bind 0.0.0.0
port 6379
dir /var/lib/redis
daemonize yes
启动 redis
./bin/redis-server conf/redis.conf
设置主从，查看状态
redis-cli -h redis02 -p 6379
redis02:6379> slaveof redis01 6379
OK
[root@redis01 ~]# redis-cli -h redis03 -p 6379
redis03:6379> slaveof redis01 6379
OK
查看状态
redis-cli -h redis01 -p 6379 info replication
配置 redis 哨兵 sentinel.conf
bind 0.0.0.0
protected-mode no
daemonize yes
port 26379
dir /tmp
sentinel monitor mymaster redis01 6379 1
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 5000
sentinel client-reconfig-script mymaster /usr/local/bin/reconfig.sh
查看哨兵状态
redis-cli -h redis01 -p 26379 info sentinel
reconfig.sh
#!/bin/bash
# args=(<master-name> <role> <state> <from-ip> <from-port> <to-ip> <to-port>)
# mymaster leader start old.ip old.port new.ip new.port
logger -p local0.info -t redis "${@:-NULL}"
vip="192.168.1.100/32"
read oldip newip <<<"$4 $6"
if $(ip -o a s |grep -q ${oldip:-0.0.0.0});then
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 down &>/dev/null
elif $(ip -o a s|grep -q ${newip:-0.0.0.0});then
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 ${vip}
/sbin/arping -q -c 3 -A ${vip%/*} -I eth0
fi