1)nginx的反向代理:proxy_pass
2)nginx的负载均衡:upstream
下面是nginx的反向代理和负载均衡的实例:
负载机:A机器:103.110.186.8/192.168.1.8
后端机器1:B机器:192.168.1.102
后端机器2:C机器:192.168.1.103
需求:
1)访问A机器的8080端口,反向代理到B机器的8080端口;
访问A机器的8088端口,反向代理到C机器的8088端口;
访问http://103.110.86.8:8090/ios,反向代理到B机器http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/
2)访问A机器的80端口,负载均衡到后端的两台机器B和C的80端口
操作记录:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
负载机:A机器上的操作记录:
1)编译安装nginx
[root@opd ~]# yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc+
[root@opd ~]# cd /opt/src
[root@src ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@src ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@src ~]# cd nginx-1.8.0
#添加www用户,其中-M参数表示不添加用户家目录,-s参数表示指定shell类型
[[email protected] ~]#useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin
[[email protected] ~]#vim auto/cc/gcc
#将这句注释掉 取消Debug编译模式 大概在179行
#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
#我们再配置下nginx编译参数
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
[[email protected] ~]#make
[[email protected] ~]#make install clean
2)配置nginx
[[email protected] ~]# cd /opt/nginx/conf
[[email protected] conf]# vim nginx.conf //这个可以作为nginx安装后的配置规范
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
[[email protected] conf]# ulimit -n 65535
[[email protected] conf]# mkdir vhosts
[[email protected] conf]# cd vhosts
配置反向代理和负载均衡
[[email protected] vhosts]# vim 8080.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root
/var/www/html
;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error
.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.102:8080;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
#跟后端服务器连接超时时间,发起握手等候响应时间
proxy_send_timeout 300;
#后端服务器回传时间,就是在规定时间内后端服务器必须传完所有数据
proxy_read_timeout 600;
#连接成功后等待后端服务器的响应时间,已经进入后端的排队之中等候处理
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
#代理请求缓冲区,会保存用户的头信息以供nginx进行处理
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
#同上,告诉nginx保存单个用几个buffer最大用多少空间
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
#如果系统很忙时候可以申请最大的proxy_buffers
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
#proxy缓存临时文件的大小
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
[[email protected] vhosts]# cat 8088.conf
server {
listen 8088;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root
/var/www/html
;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8088-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8088-error
.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.103:8088;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面这个匹配path的代理设置需要注意几点:
首先一定要保证目标B机器,也就是192.168.1.102的8090端口站点目录下有这个匹配path的目录ios存在!!
也就是要保证A机器本机能顺利访问到目标B机器的8090端口的ios路径,即:
[[email protected] vhosts]# curl http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/ #一定要保证这个能从A机器访问成功!
下面几种配置都是可以的:
第一种:
[[email protected] vhosts]# cat 8090.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root
/var/www/html
;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error
.log;
location
/ios/
{
#这种情况,这里一定要匹配的是/ios/,不能是/ios
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.102:8090;
#一定要保证192.168.1.102机器8090端口站点目录下有ios目录!否则访问会报错404!
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
第二种:
[[email protected] vhosts]# cat 8090.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root
/var/www/html
;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error
.log;
location
/ios/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.102:8090
/ios/
;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
第三种:
[[email protected] vhosts]# cat 8090.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root
/var/www/html
;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error
.log;
location
/ios
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.102:8090
/ios/
; 这种情况,这里一定要匹配的是
/ios/
,不能是
/ios
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
以上三种配置方法都保证了访问http://103.110.86.8:8090/ios会自动变为http://103.10.86.8:8090/ios/,并代理到http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/的结果
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[email protected] vhosts]# cat LB.conf
upstream lb {
server 192.168.1.102:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
#max_fails = 3 为允许失败的次数,默认值为1
server 192.168.1.103:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
#fail_timeout = 30s 当max_fails次失败后,暂停将请求分发到该后端服务器的时间
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root
/var/www/html
;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error
.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http:
//lb
;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
启动nginx
[[email protected] vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 【检查配置是否正确】
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@host-192-168-1-102 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 【启动nginx】
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
后端机:B机器上的操作记录:
1)编译安装nginx
[root@B ~]# yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc+
[root@B ~]# cd /opt/src
[root@B ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@B ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@B ~]# cd nginx-1.8.0
#添加www用户,其中-M参数表示不添加用户家目录,-s参数表示指定shell类型
[[email protected] ~]#useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin
[[email protected] ~]##vim auto/cc/gcc
#将这句注释掉 取消Debug编译模式 大概在179行
#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
#我们再配置下nginx编译参数
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
[[email protected] ~]#make
[[email protected] ~]#make install clean
2)配置nginx
[[email protected] ~]# cd /opt/nginx/conf
注意,把默认的nginx.conf文件中的server区域配置注释掉,设置vhosts虚拟主机的配置,如下:
[[email protected] conf]# vim nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 8;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application
/octet-stream
;
charset utf-8;
log_format main
'$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time'
;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip
on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text
/plain
application
/x-javascript
text
/css
application
/xml
text
/javascript
application
/x-httpd-php
;
gzip_vary on;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
[[email protected] conf]# ulimit -n 65535
[[email protected] conf]# mkdir vhosts
[[email protected] conf]# cd vhosts
[[email protected] conf]# vim 8080.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error
.log;
location ~ / {
root
/var/www/html/8080
;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
[[email protected] conf]# vim 8090.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error
.log;
location ~ / {
root
/var/www/html/8090
;
#针对上面匹配ios的path代理,要保证站点目录/var/www/html/8080下有ios目录存在
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
[[email protected] conf]# vim 80.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error
.log;
location ~ / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
启动nginx
[[email protected] vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 【检查配置是否正确】
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@host-192-168-1-102 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 【启动nginx】
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
后端机:C机器上的操作记录:
1)编译安装nginx
[root@C ~]# yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc+
[root@C ~]# cd /opt/src
[root@C ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@C ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@C ~]# cd nginx-1.8.0
#添加www用户,其中-M参数表示不添加用户家目录,-s参数表示指定shell类型
[[email protected] ~]#useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin
[[email protected] ~]##vim auto/cc/gcc
#将这句注释掉 取消Debug编译模式 大概在179行
#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
#我们再配置下nginx编译参数
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
[[email protected] ~]#make
[[email protected] ~]#make install clean
2)配置nginx
[[email protected] ~]# cd /opt/nginx/conf
注意,把默认的nginx.conf文件中的server区域配置注释掉,设置vhosts虚拟主机的配置,如下:
[[email protected] conf]# vim nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 8;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application
/octet-stream
;
charset utf-8;
log_format main
'$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time'
;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip
on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text
/plain
application
/x-javascript
text
/css
application
/xml
text
/javascript
application
/x-httpd-php
;
gzip_vary on;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
[[email protected] conf]# vim 80.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access
.log main;
error_log
/usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error
.log;
location ~ / {
root
/var/www/html/
;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
启动nginx
[[email protected] vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 【检查配置是否正确】
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@host-192-168-1-102 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 【启动nginx】
到此,上面需求中的nginx反向代理和负载均衡就已经配置完成了!
访问http://103.110.86.8:8080的结果显示的就是B机器,即http://192.168.1.102:8080的结果
访问http://103.110.86.8:8088的结果显示的就是C机器,即http://192.168.1.108:8088的结果
访问http://103.110.86.8:8090/ios的结果显示的就是B机器,即http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/的结果
访问http://103.110.86.8的请求就会被负载给到后端两台机器http://192.168.1.102和http://192.168.1.103
可以在103.110.86.8本机可以使用curl和telnet测试到目标机器是否通顺~
[[email protected] vhosts]# curl http://192.168.1.102:8080
[[email protected] vhosts]# telnet 192.168.1.102 8080
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
说明一下:
上面的nginx反向代理的需求,除了nginx反代配置之外,也可以使用iptables的nat转发实现。
比如:
访问A机器的8080端口,反向代理到B机器的80端口;
iptables的nat转发规则设置如下:
[root@opd ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8080 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.102:80
[root@opd ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -d 192.168.1.102 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 80 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.8
[root@opd ~]# iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
[root@opd ~]# service iptables save
**************************************
需要注意的是:
要打开A机器的ip转发功能:
[root@opd ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
然后后端机器B的route路由最好也设置成192.168.1.8
**************************************
这样,访问http://103.110.86.8:8080的结果就是http://192.168.1.102的结果