python笔记：错误、调试和测试—文档测试

一、doctest

Python内置的“文档测试”（doctest）模块可以直接提取注释中的代码并执行测试。

doctest严格按照Python交互式命令行的输入和输出来判断测试结果是否正确。只有测试异常的时候，可以用...表示中间一大段烦人的输出。

二、步骤

2.1 添加注释

 '''
    Simple dict but also support access as x.y style.

    >>> d1 = Dict()
    >>> d1['x'] = 100
    >>> d1.x
    100
    >>> d1.y = 200
    >>> d1['y']
    200
    >>> d2 = Dict(a=1, b=2, c='3')
    >>> d2.c
    '3'
    >>> d2['empty']
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    KeyError: 'empty'
    >>> d2.empty
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    AttributeError: 'Dict' object has no attribute 'empty'
    '''

2.2 使用doctest模块的testmod()方法

if __name__=='__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

2.3 完整代码如下

# mydict2.py
class Dict(dict):
    '''
    Simple dict but also support access as x.y style.

    >>> d1 = Dict()
    >>> d1['x'] = 100
    >>> d1.x
    100
    >>> d1.y = 200
    >>> d1['y']
    200
    >>> d2 = Dict(a=1, b=2, c='3')
    >>> d2.c
    '3'
    >>> d2['empty']
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    KeyError: 'empty'
    >>> d2.empty
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    AttributeError: 'Dict' object has no attribute 'empty'
    '''
    def __init__(self, **kw):
        super(Dict, self).__init__(**kw)

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        try:
            return self[key]
        except KeyError:
            raise AttributeError(r"'Dict' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)

    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        self[key] = value
if __name__=='__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

2.4运行

什么输出也没有。这说明我们编写的doctest运行都是正确的。

三、练习

3.1 原题

扫描二维码关注公众号，回复： 1828149 查看本文章

3.2 修改