[Docker]八.Docker 容器跨主机通讯

企业开发 2023-12-27 17:14:41 阅读次数: 0

一.跨主机通讯原理

在主机192.168.31.140上的docker0(172.17.0.0/16)中有一个容器mycentos( 172.17.0.2/16),

在主机192.168.31.81上的docker0(172.17.0.0/16)中有一个容器mycentos( 172.17.0.2/16),然后在主机192.168.31.140上ping主机192.168.31.81,发现ping不通要实现两个主机间容器的通信,怎么实现呢?

各项配置如下（举例说明）：
  • 主机1的IP地址为：192.168.31.140
  • 主机2的IP地址为：192.168.31.81
  • 为主机1上的Docker容器分配的子网：192.168.1.0/24
  • 为主机2上的Docker容器分配的子网：192.168.2.0/24
  • 这样配置之后，两个主机上的Docker容器就肯定不会使用相同的IP地址从而避免了IP冲突
接下来定义两条路由规则即可:
        从container1 发往 container2 的数据包，首先发往 container1 的 “网关 ”docker0 ，然后通过查找主机 1的路由得知需要将数据包发给主机2 ，数据包到达主机 2 后再转发给主机 2 的 docker0 ，最后由其将数据包转到container2 中,反向原理相同

二.两台主机机通讯实验

1.分别在主机1和主机2上面创建两个网络

主机1创建网络

docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.1.0/24 --gateway
192.168.1.1 docker1

docker network ls查看网络

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME                 DRIVER    SCOPE
2d19a8dfb493   bridge               bridge    local
c0fbaf2266c8   docker1              bridge    local
fc03b9653496   host                 host      local

docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.1.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.1.1

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect c0fbaf2266c8
[
    {
        "Name": "docker1",
        "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
        "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "192.168.1.0/24",
                    "Gateway": "192.168.1.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
    ...
    }

主机2创建网络

docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.2.0/24 --gateway 192.168.2.1 docker1

docker network ls查看网络

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv centos7]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
5fd741696fa2   bridge    bridge    local
04f03105e411   docker1   bridge    local
2110fa85f0da   host      host      local

docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.2.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.2.1

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect 04f03105e411
[
    {
        "Name": "docker1",
        "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
        "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "192.168.2.0/24",
                    "Gateway": "192.168.2.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
    ...
    }

这样就在两台主机上创建了两个网络,一个主机的网段为1.0,一个主机的网段为2.0

下面在启动容器的时候需要把容器加入到不同的网络中

2.在两个主机上启动对应的容器

在主机1上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:

#通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
644cdc0acda3   d757f6342cfa   "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds             mycentos1

#查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.1.2 在docker1网络上
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 19  bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

在主机2上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:

#通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
4ba38cf3943b d757f6342cfa   "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds             mycentos1

#查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.2.2 在docker1网络上
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.2.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.2.255
        ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 19  bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  • 在主机1上ping主机2,能够ping通,他们处于同一网段
  • 在主机1的容器中ping主机1,他们也能ping通
  • 在主机1的容器中ping主机2可以ping通
  • 在主机1的容器中ping主机2的容器,ping不通,因为他们不处于同一网段
#主机1上ping主机2,ping通
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.31.81
PING 192.168.31.81 (192.168.31.81) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.42 ms
^C
--- 192.168.31.81 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.418/1.418/1.418/0.000 ms
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
644cdc0acda3   d757f6342cfa   "/bin/bash"   12 minutes ago   Up 12 minutes             mycentos1

#进入主机1容器
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acda3 /bin/bash
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# 

#容器中ping主机2,ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.31.140
PING 192.168.31.140 (192.168.31.140) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.31.140: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.359 ms
^C
--- 192.168.31.140 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.359/0.359/0.359/0.000 ms

#容器中ping主机1,ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.31.81 
PING 192.168.31.81 (192.168.31.81) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.419 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.387 ms
^C
--- 192.168.31.81 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1049ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.387/0.403/0.419/0.016 ms

#容器中ping主机2中的容器,ping不通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.2.2  
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.

 那么要时主机1中的容器和主机2中的容器通信,怎么办呢,这就需要配置路由规则了

3.添加路由规则  

主机1上添加路由规则

#查看主机1上的路由规则
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         XiaoQiang       0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     427    0        0 docker0
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-9a2fe27fdd30
172.19.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-fe75119d5a77
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     426    0        0 br-c0fbaf2266c8
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     425    0        0 br-2d9c2d29e6d3
192.168.31.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
把访问 192.168.2.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.81 
#在主机1上配置192.168.2.0这个路由
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.81

当访问192.168.2.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.81这台主机服务器上

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         XiaoQiang       0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     427    0        0 docker0
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-9a2fe27fdd30
172.19.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-fe75119d5a77
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     426    0        0 br-c0fbaf2266c8
192.168.2.0     192.168.31.81   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     425    0        0 br-2d9c2d29e6d3
192.168.31.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0

 主机2上添加路由规则

#查看主机1上的路由规则
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         XiaoQiang       0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-04f03105e411
192.168.31.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
把访问 192.168.1.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.140 
#在主机2上配置192.168.1.0这个路由
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.140

当访问192.168.1.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.140这台主机服务器上

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         XiaoQiang       0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.1.0     192.168.31.140  255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-04f03105e411
192.168.31.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0

4.配置iptables规则

IPTABLES 是与最新的 3.5 版本 Linux 内核集成的 IP 信息包过滤系统 (相当于ip的防火墙),命令如下:

iptables -t 表名 <-A/I/D/R> 规则链名 [规则号] <-i/o 网卡名> -p 协议名 <-s 源IP/源子网>
--sport 源端口 <-d 目标IP/目标子网> --dport 目标端口 -j 动作
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to
192.168.1.1

-t nat ： 实现共享网络
-I PREROUTING：用于目标地址转换（DNAT）。
-I POSTOUTING：用于源地址转换（SNAT）
-s 源ip/子网
-d 目标ip/子网
-j DNAT DNAT：目标地址转换
主机 1 上添加如下规则: 
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.1.1
主机 2 上添加如下规则: 
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -d 192.168.1.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1

5.容器间通信

在主机1/主机1的容器中ping主机2容器,发现可以ping通

#主机1上ping主机2的容器:可以ping通
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.2.2
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms


64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms


#进入主机1容器
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acda3 /bin/bash

#ping主机2的容器,可以ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.2.2
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms

在主机2/主机2的容器中ping主机1容器,发现可以ping通

#主机2上ping主机1的容器:可以ping通
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms

#进入主机2容器
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acd1a3 /bin/bash

#ping主机1的容器,可以ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms

这样不同主机间的容器就可以相互通信了,即可以实现负载均衡/转发等功能,一台主机部署web,一台主机部署数据库,通过docker配置就可以实现相互通信

三.三台主机通讯实验

这个和上面方法一致

1.分别在主机1、主机2、主机3上面创建两个网络

  • 主机1的IP地址为：192.168.31.140
  • 主机2的IP地址为：192.168.31.81
  • 主机2的IP地址为：192.168.31.117

主机1创建网络

docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.1.0/24 --gateway
192.168.1.1 docker1

docker network ls查看网络

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME                 DRIVER    SCOPE
2d19a8dfb493   bridge               bridge    local
c0fbaf2266c8   docker1              bridge    local
fc03b9653496   host                 host      local

docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.1.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.1.1

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect c0fbaf2266c8
[
    {
        "Name": "docker1",
        "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
        "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "192.168.1.0/24",
                    "Gateway": "192.168.1.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
    ...
    }

主机2创建网络

docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.2.0/24 --gateway 192.168.2.1 docker1

docker network ls查看网络

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv centos7]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
5fd741696fa2   bridge    bridge    local
04f03105e411   docker1   bridge    local
2110fa85f0da   host      host      local

docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.2.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.2.1

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect 04f03105e411
[
    {
        "Name": "docker1",
        "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
        "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "192.168.2.0/24",
                    "Gateway": "192.168.2.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
    ...
    }

 主机3创建网络

docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.3.0/24 --gateway 192.168.3.1 docker1

docker network ls查看网络

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv centos7]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
5fd741696fa2   bridge    bridge    local
04f03105e413  docker1   bridge    local
2110fa85f0da   host      host      local

docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.3.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.3.1

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect 04f03105e413
[
    {
        "Name": "docker1",
        "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
        "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "192.168.3.0/24",
                    "Gateway": "192.168.3.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
    ...
    }

这样就在三台主机上创建了三个网络,一个主机的网段为1.0,一个主机的网段为2.0,,一个主机的网段为3.0,下面在启动容器的时候需要把容器加入到不同的网络中

2.在三台主机上启动对应的容器

在主机1上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:

#通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
644cdc0acda3   d757f6342cfa   "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds             mycentos1

#查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.1.2 在docker1网络上
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 19  bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

在主机2上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:

#通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
4ba38cf3943b d757f6342cfa   "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds             mycentos1

#查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.2.2 在docker1网络上
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.2.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.2.255
        ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 19  bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

在主机3上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:

#通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
4ba38cf3943b3 d757f6342cfa   "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds             mycentos1

#查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.3.2 在docker1网络上
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.3.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255
        ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 19  bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  • 在主机1上ping主机2,能够ping通,他们处于同一网段
  • 在主机1的容器中ping主机1,他们也能ping通
  • 在主机1的容器中ping主机2可以ping通
  • 在主机1的容器中ping主机2的容器,在主机1的容器中ping主机3的容器,ping不通,因为他们不处于同一网段
#主机1上ping主机2,ping通
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.31.81
PING 192.168.31.81 (192.168.31.81) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.42 ms
^C
--- 192.168.31.81 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.418/1.418/1.418/0.000 ms
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
644cdc0acda3   d757f6342cfa   "/bin/bash"   12 minutes ago   Up 12 minutes             mycentos1

#进入主机1容器
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acda3 /bin/bash
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# 

#容器中ping主机2,ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.31.140
PING 192.168.31.140 (192.168.31.140) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.31.140: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.359 ms
^C
--- 192.168.31.140 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.359/0.359/0.359/0.000 ms

#容器中ping主机1,ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.31.81 
PING 192.168.31.81 (192.168.31.81) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.419 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.387 ms
^C
--- 192.168.31.81 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1049ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.387/0.403/0.419/0.016 ms

#容器中ping主机2中的容器,ping不通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.2.2  
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.


#容器中ping主机3中的容器,ping不通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.3.2  
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.

 那么要时主机1中的容器和主机2中的容器/主机2中的容器        通信,怎么办呢,这就需要配置路由规则了

3.添加路由规则  

主机1上添加路由规则

#查看主机1上的路由规则
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         XiaoQiang       0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     427    0        0 docker0
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-9a2fe27fdd30
172.19.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-fe75119d5a77
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     426    0        0 br-c0fbaf2266c8
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     425    0        0 br-2d9c2d29e6d3
192.168.31.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
把访问 192.168.2.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.81
把访问 192.168.2.0 的请求转发到主机3服务器 192.168.31.117 
#在主机1上配置192.168.2.0这个路由
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.81
#在主机1上配置192.168.3.0这个路由
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.117

当访问192.168.2.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.81这台主机服务器上

当访问192.168.3.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.117这台主机服务器上

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         XiaoQiang       0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     427    0        0 docker0
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-9a2fe27fdd30
172.19.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-fe75119d5a77
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     426    0        0 br-c0fbaf2266c8
192.168.2.0     192.168.31.81   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.3.0     192.168.31.117   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     425    0        0 br-2d9c2d29e6d3
192.168.31.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0

 主机2上添加路由规则

#查看主机1上的路由规则
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         XiaoQiang       0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-04f03105e411
192.168.31.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
把访问 192.168.1.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.140
把访问 192.168.3.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.117 
#在主机2上配置192.168.1.0这个路由
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.140

#在主机2上配置192.168.3.0这个路由
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.117

当访问192.168.1.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.140这台主机服务器上

当访问192.168.3.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.117这台主机服务器上

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         XiaoQiang       0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.1.0     192.168.31.140  255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.3.0     192.168.31.117  255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-04f03105e411
192.168.31.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0

4.配置iptables规则

IPTABLES 是与最新的 3.5 版本 Linux 内核集成的 IP 信息包过滤系统 (相当于ip的防火墙),命令如下:

iptables -t 表名 <-A/I/D/R> 规则链名 [规则号] <-i/o 网卡名> -p 协议名 <-s 源IP/源子网>
--sport 源端口 <-d 目标IP/目标子网> --dport 目标端口 -j 动作
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to
192.168.1.1

-t nat ： 实现共享网络
-I PREROUTING：用于目标地址转换（DNAT）。
-I POSTOUTING：用于源地址转换（SNAT）
-s 源ip/子网
-d 目标ip/子网
-j DNAT DNAT：目标地址转换
主机 1 上添加如下规则: 
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.1.1

iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.3.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.1.1
主机 2 上添加如下规则: 
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -d 192.168.1.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1

iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -d 192.168.3.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1
 主机3 上添加如下规则: 
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.3.0/24 -d 192.168.1.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1

iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.3.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1

5.容器间通信

在主机1/主机1的容器中ping主机2容器/主机3容器,发现可以ping通

#主机1上ping主机2的容器:可以ping通
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.2.2
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms


64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms


#主机1上ping主机3的容器:可以ping通
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.3.2
PING 192.168.3.2 (192.168.3.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.3.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms


64 bytes from 192.168.3.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms


#进入主机1容器
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acda3 /bin/bash

#ping主机2的容器,可以ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.2.2
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms


#ping主机3的容器,可以ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.3.2
PING 192.168.3.2 (192.168.3.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.3.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms

在主机2/主机2的容器中ping主机1容器/主机3容器,发现可以ping通

#主机2上ping主机1的容器:可以ping通
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms

#进入主机2容器
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acd1a3 /bin/bash

#ping主机1的容器,可以ping通
[root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms

[上一节][Docker]七.配置 Docker 网络

[下一节][Docker]九.Docker compose讲解 

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