ubuntu18.04 | 配置apt国内镜像源

一、为什么要重新配置国内镜像源

  配置apt国内镜像源可以加快软件包的下载速度，提高软件安装的效率。如果使用默认的官方源，由于网络原因，下载速度可能会很慢，甚至无法下载。而使用国内的镜像源，可以避免这些问题，提高软件下载的速度和成功率。

二、配置步骤

1. 首先，先备份旧的源（在修改文件前先备份文件是一个好的习惯）

   liujie@liujie-virtual-machine-18:~$ sudo su
   [sudo] liujie 的密码：
   
   root@liujie-virtual-machine-18:/home/liujie# sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
   
   root@liujie-virtual-machine-18:/home/liujie# ls -l /etc/apt/sources.list*
   -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 2886 8月   7 14:18 /etc/apt/sources.list
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2886 11月  9 23:48 /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
   -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 2906 8月   7 14:18 /etc/apt/sources.list.save
   

2. 设置新的镜像源

   root@liujie-virtual-machine-18:/home/liujie# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
   

3. 将默认的源删除掉，添加国内的镜像源，例如：清华源、阿里源、中科大源等

   在vim中删除文件中所有内容的指令是:1,$d
   其中，:表示进入命令模式， 1,$表示从第一行到最后一行，d表示删除。执行该指令后，文件中所有内容都会被删除。

   清华源：

   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   

   阿里源：

   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   

   中科大源：

   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   

   没有必要全部添加，选择一个即可

4. 更新软件包列表并升级已安装的软件包

   root@liujie-virtual-machine-18:/home/liujie# apt-get update
   

   root@liujie-virtual-machine-18:/home/liujie# apt-get upgrade