【Unity 3D】AssetBundle打包、上传、加载、卸载详解及演示（附源码）

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AssetBundle最重要的操作就是AssetBundle打包下载加载以及卸载下面就来了解一下AssetBundle的常用操作

1：AssetBundle打包

AssetBundle打包主要用到下面两个API

BuildAssetBundles(string outputPath,AssetBundleBuild[] builds,

BuildAssetBundleOptions assetBundleOptions,BuildTarget targetPlatform);

BuildAssetBundles(string outputPath,BuildAssetBundleOptions assetBundleOptions,BuildTatget targetPlarform);

下面新建一个PackBundles.cs脚本放入Editor文件夹中代码如下

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using UnityEditor;

public class PackBundles : Editor
{
    //选定资源打包
    [MenuItem("PackBundles/PackBundles")]
    static void PutBundleAssetes()
    {
        //初始化一个AssetBundleBuild表
        List<AssetBundleBuild> buildMap = new List<AssetBundleBuild>();
        AssetBundleBuild build = new AssetBundleBuild();
        //设置AssetBundleBuild的名字和资源路径
        build.assetBundleName = "tempImg.unity3d";
        build.assetNames = new[] { "Assets/Textures/tempImg.jpg" };
        //添加进表
        buildMap.Add(build);

        //将这些资源包放在一个名为ABs的目录下        
        string assetBundleDirectory = "Assets/ABs";
        //如果目录不存在，就创建一个目录        
        if (!Directory.Exists(assetBundleDirectory))
        {
            Directory.CreateDirectory(assetBundleDirectory);
        }
        //资源打包
        BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(assetBundleDirectory, buildMap.ToArray(), BuildAssetBundleOptions.None, BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows);
    }
}

全部资源打包

进行全部资源打包前需要先设置每个需要打包的资源的属性然后我们修改PackBundles.cs脚本实现添加选定资源打包盒全部资源打包功能

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using UnityEditor;

public class PackBundles : Editor
{
    //选定资源打包
    [MenuItem("PackBundles/PackBundles")]
    static void PutBundleAssetes()
    {
        //初始化一个AssetBundleBuild表
        List<AssetBundleBuild> buildMap = new List<AssetBundleBuild>();
        AssetBundleBuild build = new AssetBundleBuild();
        //设置AssetBundleBuild的名字和资源路径
        build.assetBundleName = "tempImg.unity3d";
        build.assetNames = new[] { "Assets/Textures/tempImg.jpg" };
        //添加进表
        buildMap.Add(build);

        //将这些资源包放在一个名为ABs的目录下        
        string assetBundleDirectory = "Assets/ABs";
        //如果目录不存在，就创建一个目录        
        if (!Directory.Exists(assetBundleDirectory))
        {
            Directory.CreateDirectory(assetBundleDirectory);
        }
        //资源打包
        BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(assetBundleDirectory, buildMap.ToArray(), BuildAssetBundleOptions.None, BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows);
    }
    //全部打包
    [MenuItem("PackBundles/AllPackBundles")]
    static void PutBundleAssetesAll()
    {
        //将这些资源包放在一个名为ABs的目录下        
        string assetBundleDirectory = "Assets/ABs";
        //如果目录不存在，就创建一个目录        
        if (!Directory.Exists(assetBundleDirectory))
        {
            Directory.CreateDirectory(assetBundleDirectory);
        }
        BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(assetBundleDirectory, BuildAssetBundleOptions.None, BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows64);
    }
}

在菜单栏中选择PackBundles->AllPachBundles命令可以在Project视图中看到ABs文件夹中生成的AssetBundle文件可以看到打包出来的文件有一个特点，就是每个AssetBundle资源包都会有一个后缀名为.manifest的文件

2：Manifest文件

Manifest文件其实是AssetBundle资源文件的依赖关系以及对包的信息的记录文件，根据这个文件可以获取某个包的依赖关系，或者判断所获取包的大小，效验码是否是正常的将这个文件使用文本编辑器打开后可以看到文件内容

CRC：效验码通过其检查包是否完整

Assets：表示包里包含多少资源

Dependencies：表示包有哪些依赖

3：AssetBundle文件上传

接下来使用IIS搭建本地服务器

1：在Windows中打开如下界面

2：打开IIS 新建网站设置网站名称端口号以及物理路径将物理路径设置为存放AssetBundle资源文件的路径

3：设置IIS属性

4：将生成的AssetBundle文件放入设置的物理路径的文件夹中然后删除后缀名为.meta的文件

4：AssetBundle加载

AssetBundle的加载方式有以下四种

AssetBundle.LoadFromFile:从本地加载

AssetBundle.LoadFromMemory 从内存加载

WWW.LoadFromCacheOrDownload 加载后放在缓存备用

UnityWebRequest 从服务器加载

下面新建一个脚本用于加载AssetBundle文件

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Networking;

public class LoadBundles : MonoBehaviour
{
    void Start()
    {
        StartCoroutine(Load());
    }

    IEnumerator Load()
    {
        //从远程服务器上进行下载和加载
        string url = "http://localhost:8090/cube.unity3d";
        UnityWebRequest request = UnityWebRequestAssetBundle.GetAssetBundle(url);
        //等待文件下载完毕
        yield return request.SendWebRequest();
        AssetBundle bundle = DownloadHandlerAssetBundle.GetContent(request);
        //加载AssetBundle资源
        AssetBundleRequest ABrequest = bundle.LoadAssetAsync("Cube.prefab", typeof(GameObject));
        //根据资源生成文件
        Instantiate(ABrequest.asset as GameObject, new Vector3(0f, 0f, 0f), Quaternion.identity);
        yield return ABrequest;
        //释放资源
        request.Dispose();
    }
}

5：AssetBundle卸载

AssetBundle的卸载方式同样有四种新建测试脚本代码如下

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Networking;

public class LoadBundles : MonoBehaviour
{
    void Start()
    {
        StartCoroutine(Load());
    }

    IEnumerator Load()
    {
        //从远程服务器上进行下载和加载
        string url = "http://localhost:8090/cube.unity3d";
        UnityWebRequest request = UnityWebRequestAssetBundle.GetAssetBundle(url);
        //等待文件下载完毕
        yield return request.SendWebRequest();
        AssetBundle bundle = DownloadHandlerAssetBundle.GetContent(request);
        //加载AssetBundle资源
        AssetBundleRequest ABrequest = bundle.LoadAssetAsync("Cube.prefab", typeof(GameObject));
        //根据资源生成文件
        GameObject go = Instantiate(ABrequest.asset as GameObject, new Vector3(0f, 0f, 0f), Quaternion.identity);
        yield return ABrequest;
        //释放资源
        request.Dispose();

        //卸载资源 包含所有Load创建出来的对象
        bundle.Unload(true);
        //卸载资源 除了Load创建出来的对象
        bundle.Unload(false);
        //释放已加载的资源Object
        Resources.UnloadAsset(go);
        //卸载所有没有被场景引用的资源对象
        Resources.UnloadUnusedAssets();
    }
}

6：AssetBundle打包工具

我们可以使用Unity AssetBundle Browser Tool插件来查看AssetBundle 帮助打包AssetBundle和查看AssetBundle内容

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