环境准备
eclipse：Oxygen.1 Release (4.7.1)
servlet：3.1.0
新建maven项目
关于转换项目为Servlet3.x，请参考《Eclipse新建基于Servlet3.x的maven项目》。
SpringMVC传统是通过XML方式配置。后来也增加了java方式配置。
XML方式配置
先编辑pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.sadoshi.springmvc</groupId>
<artifactId>test1</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>test1 Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.3.9</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
接着编辑src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml文件、如果没有webapp目录，可以按此路径新建。
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>新建一个HelloController：
package com.sadoshi.xmlconf.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
private String message = "Welcome to Spring MVC!";
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public ModelAndView showMessage(@RequestParam(value = "name", required = false, defaultValue = "Spring") String name) {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("hellospring");//指定视图向视图中添加所要展示或使用的内容，将在页面中使用
mv.addObject("message", message);
mv.addObject("name", name);
return mv;
}
}
在webapps下的WEB-INF的目录views下新建页面hellospring.jsp，如果找不到views目录就新建一个：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Spring 5 MVC - HelloWorld Index Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h2>Hello World</h2>
<h3>
<a href="hello?name=zhangsan">点击跳转</a>
</h3>
</center>
</body>
</html>在resource目录下新建springContext.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 搜索spring控件 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sadoshi.xmlconf.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 视图页面配置 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>注意<context:component-scan>标签里的包路径要改成自己项目需要扫描注解的包。
之后把项目添加到tomcat服务器中，启动tomcat。尝试访问路径http://localhost:8081/SpringMVCXml/hello
端口号以自身的tomcat端口为准，因为默认的8080端口我用来跑别的业务，所以这个tomcat用8081端口。
java方式配置
pom.xml、HelloController、jsp页面都不需要改变。java配置方式主要是通过java代码，替代web.xml上的配置（但web.xml这个文件还是需要的），以及springContext.xml的配置。
首先我们的web.xml就不用这么复杂了：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:web="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>接着要继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer，创建MyWebAppInitializer。web容器初始化时会自动调用这个类的方法：
package com.sadoshi.springmvc.test3.config;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class MyWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer{
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class<?>[] {RootConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class<?>[] {WebConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[] {"/"};
}
}
接着创建RootConfig类，这个类我们添加了@ComponentScan注解，会扫描com.sadoshi.springmvc.test3.controller下的包。读者选择自己的Controller所在的包
package com.sadoshi.springmvc.test3.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = { "com.sadoshi.springmvc.test3.controller" },
excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = EnableWebMvc.class)})
public class RootConfig {
}
最后创建WebConfig类，设置视图的路径等：
package com.sadoshi.springmvc.test3.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.sadoshi.springmvc.test3.config")
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
resolver.setPrefix("WEB-INF/views/");
resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);
return resolver;
}
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
WebMvcConfigurer.super.configureDefaultServletHandling(configurer);
configurer.enable();
}
}
xml配置所需的springContext.xml不再需要。然后也是同样的方式启动和测试即可。以上就是java配置方式。
小结
本文只是把最简单的quick start展示出来。实际上SpringMVC的配置很多，java配置方式的套路也有很多（官网上有讲），后面或许研究源码的话可以深挖