Kubernetes集群部署--kubernetes1.10.1

参考博客：https://mritd.me/2018/04/19/set-up-kubernetes-1.10.1-cluster-by-hyperkube/

一、环境

　　（1）系统环境

IP	操作系统	docker版本	节点用途
172.16.60.95	CentOs7	18.03.0-ce	master-01、etcd1
172.16.60.96	CentOs7	18.03.0-ce	master-02、etcd2
172.16.60.97	CentOs7	18.03.0-ce	node-01、etcd3
172.16.60.98	CentOs7	18.03.0-ce	node-02
172.16.60.99	CentOs7	18.03.0-ce	node-03

　　环境共5台虚拟机，2个master节点，3个etcd节点，3个node节点，网络采用Calico,集群开启RBAC。

　　参考博客中有安装包下载，可以使用其中大部分资源

　　（2）修改hosts（所有设备）　　

172.16.60.95 master-01
172.16.60.96 master-02
172.16.60.97 node-01
172.16.60.98 node-02
172.16.60.99 node-03

　　（3）开启转发功能（所有设备）　　

# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

EOF


# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

　　（4）关闭swap（所有设备）　

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0

二、搭建ETCD集群

　　2.1 证书说明

　　由于 Etcd 和 Kubernetes 全部采用 TLS 通讯，所以先要生成 TLS 证书，证书生成工具采用 cfssl

证书名称	配置文件	用途
etcd-root-ca.pem	etcd-root-ca-csr.json	etcd 根 CA 证书
etcd.pem	etcd-gencert.json、etcd-csr.json	etcd 集群证书
k8s-root-ca.pem	k8s-root-ca-csr.json	k8s 根 CA 证书
kube-proxy.pem	k8s-gencert.json、kube-proxy-csr.json	kube-proxy 使用的证书
admin.pem	k8s-gencert.json、admin-csr.json	kubectl 使用的证书
kubernetes.pem	k8s-gencert.json、kubernetes-csr.json	kube-apiserver 使用的证书

　　2.2 CFSSL工具安装

　　首先下载 cfssl，并给予可执行权限，然后扔到 PATH 目录下(etcd安装在master-01上执行)

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson

　　2.3 生成etcd证书

　　Etcd 证书生成所需配置文件如下:

　　（1）vim etcd-csr.json　　

{
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "O": "etcd",
      "OU": "etcd Security",
      "L": "Hangzhou",
      "ST": "Hangzhou",
      "C": "CN"
    }
  ],
  "CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "localhost",
    "172.16.60.95",
    "172.16.60.96",
    "172.16.60.97"
  ]
}

　　（2）etcd-gencert.json　　

{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
        "usages": [
          "signing",
          "key encipherment",
          "server auth",
          "client auth"
        ],
        "expiry": "87600h"
    }
  }
}

　　（3）etcd-root-ca-csr.json　　

{
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 4096
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "O": "etcd",
      "OU": "etcd Security",
      "L": "Hangzhou",
      "ST": "Hangzhou",
      "C": "CN"
    }
  ],
  "CN": "etcd-root-ca"
}

　　（4）生成证书　　

cfssl gencert --initca=true etcd-root-ca-csr.json | cfssljson --bare etcd-root-ca
cfssl gencert --ca etcd-root-ca.pem --ca-key etcd-root-ca-key.pem --config etcd-gencert.json etcd-csr.json | cfssljson --bare etcd

　　2.4 安装Etcd

　　替换下载包中etcd的conf中证书，并修改etcd.conf中节点信息和ip地址，最后在master-01、master-02、node-01上安装etcd（运行install.sh）

　　（1）etcd.service　

[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
User=etcd
# set GOMAXPROCS to number of processors
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "GOMAXPROCS=$(nproc) /usr/local/bin/etcd --name=\"${ETCD_NAME}\" --data-dir=\"${ETCD_DATA_DIR}\" --listen-client-urls=\"${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS}\""
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　（2）etcd.conf　　

# [member]
ETCD_NAME=etcd1
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/etcd1.etcd"
ETCD_WAL_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/wal"
ETCD_SNAPSHOT_COUNT="100"
ETCD_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL="100"
ETCD_ELECTION_TIMEOUT="1000"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.60.95:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.60.95:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
ETCD_MAX_SNAPSHOTS="5"
ETCD_MAX_WALS="5"
#ETCD_CORS=""
# [cluster]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.60.95:2380"
# if you use different ETCD_NAME (e.g. test), set ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER value for this name, i.e. "test=http://..."
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://172.16.60.95:2380,etcd2=https://172.16.60.96:2380,etcd3=https://172.16.60.97:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.60.95:2379"
#ETCD_DISCOVERY=""
#ETCD_DISCOVERY_SRV=""
#ETCD_DISCOVERY_FALLBACK="proxy"
#ETCD_DISCOVERY_PROXY=""
#ETCD_STRICT_RECONFIG_CHECK="false"
#ETCD_AUTO_COMPACTION_RETENTION="0"
# [proxy]
#ETCD_PROXY="off"
#ETCD_PROXY_FAILURE_WAIT="5000"
#ETCD_PROXY_REFRESH_INTERVAL="30000"
#ETCD_PROXY_DIAL_TIMEOUT="1000"
#ETCD_PROXY_WRITE_TIMEOUT="5000"
#ETCD_PROXY_READ_TIMEOUT="0"
# [security]
ETCD_CERT_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem"
ETCD_KEY_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem"
ETCD_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH="true"
ETCD_TRUSTED_CA_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-root-ca.pem"
ETCD_AUTO_TLS="true"
ETCD_PEER_CERT_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem"
ETCD_PEER_KEY_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem"
ETCD_PEER_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH="true"
ETCD_PEER_TRUSTED_CA_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-root-ca.pem"
ETCD_PEER_AUTO_TLS="true"
# [logging]
#ETCD_DEBUG="false"
# examples for -log-package-levels etcdserver=WARNING,security=DEBUG
#ETCD_LOG_PACKAGE_LEVELS=""

　　（3）install.sh

#!/bin/bash

set -e

ETCD_VERSION="3.2.18"

function download(){
    if [ ! -f "etcd-v${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz" ]; then
        wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v${ETCD_VERSION}/etcd-v${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz
        tar -zxvf etcd-v${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    fi
}

function preinstall(){
    getent group etcd >/dev/null || groupadd -r etcd
    getent passwd etcd >/dev/null || useradd -r -g etcd -d /var/lib/etcd -s /sbin/nologin -c "etcd user" etcd
}

function install(){
    echo -e "\033[32mINFO: Copy etcd...\033[0m"
    tar -zxvf etcd-v${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    cp etcd-v${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin
    rm -rf etcd-v${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64

    echo -e "\033[32mINFO: Copy etcd config...\033[0m"
    cp -r conf /etc/etcd
    chown -R etcd:etcd /etc/etcd
    chmod -R 755 /etc/etcd/ssl

    echo -e "\033[32mINFO: Copy etcd systemd config...\033[0m"
    cp systemd/*.service /lib/systemd/system
    systemctl daemon-reload
}

function postinstall(){
    if [ ! -d "/var/lib/etcd" ]; then
        mkdir /var/lib/etcd
        chown -R etcd:etcd /var/lib/etcd
    fi
}


download
preinstall
install
postinstall

　　整体目录结构如下

　　直接运行install.sh就安装好了

　　2.5 启动和验证

　　集群 etcd 要 3 个一起启动，单个启动查看状态等半天也没有反应　　

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start etcd

systemctl enable etcd

　　验证etcd集群　　

export ETCDCTL_API=3
etcdctl --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-root-ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://172.16.60.95:2379,https://172.16.60.96:2379,https://172.16.60.97:2379 endpoint health

三、安装Kubernetes集群组件

　　大部分还是使用参考博客中的安装方法，但是证书要自己生成

　　3.1 生成Kubernetes证书

　　由于 kubelet 和 kube-proxy 用到的 kubeconfig 配置文件需要借助 kubectl 来生成，所以需要先安装一下 kubectl（下载包中已经存在）　　

wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.10.1/bin/linux/amd64/hyperkube -O hyperkube_1.10.1
chmod +x hyperkube_1.10.1
cp hyperkube_1.10.1 /usr/local/bin/hyperkube
ln -s /usr/local/bin/hyperkube /usr/local/bin/kubectl

　　（1）admin-csr.json　　　　

{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Hangzhou",
      "L": "Hangzhou",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

　　（2）k8s-gencert.json　　

{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
        "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ],
        "expiry": "87600h"
      }
    }
  }
}

　　（3）k8s-root-ca-csr.json　

{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 4096
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Hangzhou",
      "L": "Hangzhou",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

　　（4）kube-apiserver-csr.json　

{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
        "127.0.0.1",
    "10.254.0.1",
    "172.16.60.95",
    "172.16.60.96",
    "172.16.60.97",
    "172.16.60.98",
    "172.16.60.99",
        "localhost",
        "kubernetes",
        "kubernetes.default",
        "kubernetes.default.svc",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "ST": "HangZhou",
            "L": "HangZhou",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

　　（5）kube-proxy-csr.json

{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Hangzhou",
      "L": "Hangzhou",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

　　生成证书和配置　

# 生成 CA
cfssl gencert --initca=true k8s-root-ca-csr.json | cfssljson --bare k8s-root-ca

# 依次生成其他组件证书
for targetName in kube-apiserver admin kube-proxy; do
    cfssl gencert --ca k8s-root-ca.pem --ca-key k8s-root-ca-key.pem --config k8s-gencert.json --profile kubernetes $targetName-csr.json | cfssljson --bare $targetName
done

# 地址默认为 127.0.0.1:6443
# 如果在 master 上启用 kubelet 请在生成后的 kubeconfig 中
# 修改该地址为 当前MASTER_IP:6443
KUBE_APISERVER="https://127.0.0.1:6443"
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
echo "Tokne: ${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}"

# 不要质疑 system:bootstrappers 用户组是否写错了，有疑问请参考官方文档
# https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/
cat > token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:bootstrappers"
EOF

echo "Create kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig..."
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=k8s-root-ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

echo "Create kube-proxy kubeconfig..."
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=k8s-root-ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

# 创建高级审计配置
cat >> audit-policy.yaml <<EOF
# Log all requests at the Metadata level.
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Policy
rules:
- level: Metadata
EOF

　　生成的证书

　　替换下载包中的证书　

# 路径
$path//k8s/conf

# path是解压后的路径

　　3.2 准备systemd配置

　　（1）kube-apiserver.service　

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
After=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/apiserver
User=kube
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/hyperkube apiserver \
            $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
            $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
            $KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS \
            $KUBE_API_ADDRESS \
            $KUBE_API_PORT \
            $KUBELET_PORT \
            $KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV \
            $KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES \
            $KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL \
            $KUBE_API_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　（2）kube-controller-manager.service　

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
User=kube
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/hyperkube controller-manager \
            $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
            $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
            $KUBE_MASTER \
            $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　（3）kubelet.service　

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/hyperkube kubelet \
            $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
            $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
            $KUBELET_API_SERVER \
            $KUBELET_ADDRESS \
            $KUBELET_PORT \
            $KUBELET_HOSTNAME \
            $KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV \
            $KUBELET_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　（4）kube-proxy.service　　

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/hyperkube proxy \
            $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
            $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
            $KUBE_MASTER \
            $KUBE_PROXY_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　（5）kube-scheduler.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler Plugin
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
User=kube
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/hyperkube scheduler \
            $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
            $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
            $KUBE_MASTER \
            $KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　3.3 Master节点配置

　　Master 节点主要会运行 3 各组件: kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler，其中用到的配置文件如下（将刚才k8s目录分发到所有节点，待会都需要使用到）

　　（1）config

　　config 是一个通用配置文件，值得注意的是由于安装时对于 Node、Master 节点都会包含该文件，在 Node 节点上请注释掉 KUBE_MASTER 变量，因为 Node 节点需要做 HA，要连接本地的 6443 加密端口；而这个变量将会覆盖 kubeconfig 中指定的 127.0.0.1:6443 地址　

###
# kubernetes system config
#
# The following values are used to configure various aspects of all
# kubernetes services, including
#
#   kube-apiserver.service
#   kube-controller-manager.service
#   kube-scheduler.service
#   kubelet.service
#   kube-proxy.service
# logging to stderr means we get it in the systemd journal
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"
# journal message level, 0 is debug
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=2"
# Should this cluster be allowed to run privileged docker containers
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=true"
# How the controller-manager, scheduler, and proxy find the apiserver
KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080"

　　（2）apiserver

　　apiserver 配置相对于 1.8 略有变动，其中准入控制器(admission control)选项名称变为了 --enable-admission-plugins，控制器列表也有相应变化，这里采用官方推荐配置，具体请参考官方文档

###
# kubernetes system config
#
# The following values are used to configure the kube-apiserver
#
# The address on the local server to listen to.
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--advertise-address=172.16.60.95 --bind-address=172.16.60.95"
# The port on the local server to listen on.
KUBE_API_PORT="--secure-port=6443"
# Port minions listen on
# KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"
# Comma separated list of nodes in the etcd cluster
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=https://172.16.60.95:2379,https://172.16.60.96:2379,https://172.16.60.97:2379"
# Address range to use for services
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"
# default admission control policies
KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction"
# Add your own!
KUBE_API_ARGS=" --anonymous-auth=false \
                --apiserver-count=3 \
                --audit-log-maxage=30 \
                --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
                --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
                --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit.log \
                --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml \
                --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
                --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/k8s-root-ca.pem \
                --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
                --enable-garbage-collector \
                --enable-logs-handler \
                --enable-swagger-ui \
                --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-root-ca.pem \
                --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
                --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
                --etcd-compaction-interval=5m0s \
                --etcd-count-metric-poll-period=1m0s \
                --event-ttl=48h0m0s \
                --kubelet-https=true \
                --kubelet-timeout=3s \
                --log-flush-frequency=5s \
                --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
                --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
                --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
                --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
                --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/k8s-root-ca.pem \
                --storage-backend=etcd3 \
                --enable-swagger-ui=true"

　　（3）controller-manager

###
# The following values are used to configure the kubernetes controller-manager
# defaults from config and apiserver should be adequate
# Add your own!
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="  --bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
                                --cluster-name=kubernetes \
                                --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/k8s-root-ca.pem \
                                --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/k8s-root-ca-key.pem \
                                --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
                                --deployment-controller-sync-period=10s \
                                --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=86700h0m0s \
                                --leader-elect=true \
                                --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \
                                --node-monitor-period=5s \
                                --pod-eviction-timeout=5m0s \
                                --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=50 \
                                --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/k8s-root-ca.pem \
                                --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/k8s-root-ca-key.pem \
                                --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true"

　　（5）scheduler　　

###
# kubernetes scheduler config

# default config should be adequate

# Add your own!
KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="   --address=0.0.0.0 \
                        --leader-elect=true \
                        --algorithm-provider=DefaultProvider"

　　3.4 Node节点配置

　　Node 节点上主要有 kubelet、kube-proxy 组件，用到的配置如下

　　（1）kubelet

　　kubeket 默认也开启了证书轮换能力以保证自动续签相关证书，同时增加了 --node-labels 选项为 node 打一个标签，关于这个标签最后部分会有讨论，如果在 master 上启动 kubelet，请将 node-role.kubernetes.io/k8s-node=true 修改为 node-role.kubernetes.io/k8s-master=true

###
# kubernetes kubelet (minion) config
# The address for the info server to serve on (set to 0.0.0.0 or "" for all interfaces)
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--node-ip=172.16.60.95"
# The port for the info server to serve on
# KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"
# You may leave this blank to use the actual hostname
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=master-01"
# location of the api-server
# KUBELET_API_SERVER=""
# Add your own!
KUBELET_ARGS="  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
                --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
                --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs \
                --cluster-dns=10.254.0.2 \
                --cluster-domain=cluster.local. \
                --fail-swap-on=false \
                --feature-gates=RotateKubeletClientCertificate=true,RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
                --node-labels=node-role.kubernetes.io/k8s-master=true \
                --image-gc-high-threshold=70 \
                --image-gc-low-threshold=50 \
                --kube-reserved=cpu=500m,memory=512Mi,ephemeral-storage=1Gi \
                --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
                --system-reserved=cpu=1000m,memory=1024Mi,ephemeral-storage=1Gi \
                --serialize-image-pulls=false \
                --sync-frequency=30s \
                --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.0 \
                --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf \
                --rotate-certificates"

　　（2）proxy　

###
# kubernetes proxy config
# default config should be adequate
# Add your own!
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS="--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
                 --hostname-override=master-01 \
                 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig \
                 --cluster-cidr=10.254.0.0/16"

　　3.5、安装集群组件　

k8s
├── conf
│   ├── apiserver
│   ├── audit-policy.yaml
│   ├── bootstrap.kubeconfig
│   ├── config
│   ├── controller-manager
│   ├── kubelet
│   ├── kube-proxy.kubeconfig
│   ├── proxy
│   ├── scheduler
│   ├── ssl
│   │   ├── admin.csr
│   │   ├── admin-csr.json
│   │   ├── admin-key.pem
│   │   ├── admin.pem
│   │   ├── k8s-gencert.json
│   │   ├── k8s-root-ca.csr
│   │   ├── k8s-root-ca-csr.json
│   │   ├── k8s-root-ca-key.pem
│   │   ├── k8s-root-ca.pem
│   │   ├── kube-apiserver.csr
│   │   ├── kube-apiserver-csr.json
│   │   ├── kube-apiserver-key.pem
│   │   ├── kube-apiserver.pem
│   │   ├── kube-proxy.csr
│   │   ├── kube-proxy-csr.json
│   │   ├── kube-proxy-key.pem
│   │   └── kube-proxy.pem
│   └── token.csv
├── hyperkube_1.10.1
├── install.sh
└── systemd
    ├── kube-apiserver.service
    ├── kube-controller-manager.service
    ├── kubelet.service
    ├── kube-proxy.service
    └── kube-scheduler.service

　　最后执行此脚本安装即可，此外，应确保每个节点安装了 ipset、conntrack 两个包，因为 kube-proxy 组件会使用其处理 iptables 规则等　　

yum -y install ipset conntrack-tools

　　运行install.sh安装组件

四、启动Kubernetes master节点

　　对于 master 节点启动无需做过多处理，多个 master 只要保证 apiserver 等配置中的 ip 地址监听没问题后直接启动即可　　

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

　　完成后截图如下

五、启动Kubernetes Node节点

　　由于 HA 等功能需要，对于 Node 需要做一些处理才能启动，主要有以下两个地方需要处理

　　5.1 nginx-proxy

　　在启动 kubelet、kube-proxy 服务之前，需要在本地启动 nginx 来 tcp 负载均衡 apiserver 6443 端口，nginx-proxy 使用 docker + systemd 启动，配置如下

　　注意: 对于在 master 节点启动 kubelet 来说，不需要 nginx 做负载均衡；可以跳过此步骤，并修改 kubelet.kubeconfig、kube-proxy.kubeconfig 中的 apiserver 地址为当前 master ip 6443 端口即可

nginx-proxy.service

[Unit]
Description=kubernetes apiserver docker wrapper
Wants=docker.socket
After=docker.service

[Service]
User=root
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker run -p 127.0.0.1:6443:6443 \
                              -v /etc/nginx:/etc/nginx \
                              --name nginx-proxy \
                              --net=host \
                              --restart=on-failure:5 \
                              --memory=512M \
                              nginx:1.13.12-alpine
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/docker rm -f nginx-proxy
ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker stop nginx-proxy
Restart=always
RestartSec=15s
TimeoutStartSec=30s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

nginx.conf

error_log stderr notice;

worker_processes auto;
events {
        multi_accept on;
        use epoll;
        worker_connections 1024;
}

stream {
    upstream kube_apiserver {
        least_conn;
        server 172.16.60.95:6443;
        server 172.16.60.96:6443;
    }

    server {
        listen        0.0.0.0:6443;
        proxy_pass    kube_apiserver;
        proxy_timeout 10m;

　　启动apiserver的本地负载均衡

mkdir /etc/nginx
cp nginx.conf /etc/nginx
cp nginx-proxy.service /lib/systemd/system

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx-proxy
systemctl enable nginx-proxy

　　5.2 TLS bootstrapping

　　创建好 nginx-proxy 后不要忘记为 TLS Bootstrap 创建相应的 RBAC 规则，这些规则能实现证自动签署 TLS Bootstrap 发出的 CSR 请求，从而实现证书轮换(创建一次即可)

　　tls-bootstrapping-clusterrole.yaml　

# A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
# serving cert matching its client cert.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeserver
rules:
- apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
  verbs: ["create"]

　　在master执行创建　　

# 给与 kubelet-bootstrap 用户进行 node-bootstrapper 的权限
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
    --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
    --user=kubelet-bootstrap

kubectl create -f tls-bootstrapping-clusterrole.yaml

# 自动批准 system:bootstrappers 组用户 TLS bootstrapping 首次申请证书的 CSR 请求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding node-client-auto-approve-csr \
        --clusterrole=system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient \
        --group=system:bootstrappers

# 自动批准 system:nodes 组用户更新 kubelet 自身与 apiserver 通讯证书的 CSR 请求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding node-client-auto-renew-crt \
        --clusterrole=system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient \
        --group=system:nodes

# 自动批准 system:nodes 组用户更新 kubelet 10250 api 端口证书的 CSR 请求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding node-server-auto-renew-crt \
        --clusterrole=system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeserver \
        --group=system:nodes

　　5.3 修改配置文件

　　在所有node服务器上，也要运行install.sh，然后修改/etc/kubernetes中的配置文件

　　（1）config

　　　　注释掉最后一句　　　

# KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080"

　　（2）kubelet　

###
# kubernetes kubelet (minion) config
# The address for the info server to serve on (set to 0.0.0.0 or "" for all interfaces)
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--node-ip=172.16.60.98"
# The port for the info server to serve on
# KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"
# You may leave this blank to use the actual hostname
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=node-02"
# location of the api-server
# KUBELET_API_SERVER=""
# Add your own!
KUBELET_ARGS="  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
                --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
                --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs \
                --cluster-dns=10.254.0.2 \
                --cluster-domain=cluster.local. \
                --fail-swap-on=false \
                --feature-gates=RotateKubeletClientCertificate=true,RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
                --node-labels=node-role.kubernetes.io/k8s-node=true \
                --image-gc-high-threshold=70 \
                --image-gc-low-threshold=50 \
                --kube-reserved=cpu=250m,memory=256Mi,ephemeral-storage=1Gi \
                --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
                --system-reserved=cpu=500m,memory=512Mi,ephemeral-storage=1Gi \
                --serialize-image-pulls=false \
                --sync-frequency=30s \
                --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.0 \
                --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf \
                --rotate-certificates"

　　（3）proxy　

###
# kubernetes proxy config
# default config should be adequate
# Add your own!
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS="--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
                 --hostname-override=node-02 \
                 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig \
                 --cluster-cidr=10.254.0.0/16"

　　5.4 执行启动　　

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl enable kube-proxy

　　这样3个node节点就好了，截图如下：

　　5.5 将master节点也加入node集群中

　　在master启动kubelet和proxy前，先修改/etc/kubernetes中bootstrap.kubeconfig 和kube-proxy.kubeconfig，将 https://127.0.0.1:6443 改为 https://master_ip:6443　

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl enable kube-proxy

六、安装calico

　　6.1 修改calico配置

　　master-01执行　　

mkdir calico
cd calico
vim getCalico.sh


wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/calico.yaml -O calico.example.yaml

ETCD_CERT=`cat /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_KEY=`cat /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_CA=`cat /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-root-ca.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://172.16.60.95:2379,https://172.16.60.96:2379,https://172.16.60.97:2379"

cp calico.example.yaml calico.yaml

sed -i "s@.*etcd_endpoints:.*@\ \ etcd_endpoints:\ \"${ETCD_ENDPOINTS}\"@gi" calico.yaml

sed -i "s@.*etcd-cert:.*@\ \ etcd-cert:\ ${ETCD_CERT}@gi" calico.yaml
sed -i "s@.*etcd-key:.*@\ \ etcd-key:\ ${ETCD_KEY}@gi" calico.yaml
sed -i "s@.*etcd-ca:.*@\ \ etcd-ca:\ ${ETCD_CA}@gi" calico.yaml

sed -i 's@.*etcd_ca:.*@\ \ etcd_ca:\ "/calico-secrets/etcd-ca"@gi' calico.yaml
sed -i 's@.*etcd_cert:.*@\ \ etcd_cert:\ "/calico-secrets/etcd-cert"@gi' calico.yaml
sed -i 's@.*etcd_key:.*@\ \ etcd_key:\ "/calico-secrets/etcd-key"@gi' calico.yaml

# 注释掉 calico-node 部分(由 Systemd 接管)
sed -i '123,219s@.*@#&@gi' calico.yaml

　　6.2 创建systemd文件

　　创建 systemd service 配置文件要在每个节点上都执行

　　calico-systemd.sh　　

K8S_MASTER_IP="172.16.60.95"
HOSTNAME=`cat /etc/hostname`
ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://172.16.60.95:2379,https://172.16.60.96:2379,https://172.16.60.97:2379"

cat > /lib/systemd/system/calico-node.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=calico node
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
User=root
Environment=ETCD_ENDPOINTS=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS}
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker run   --net=host --privileged --name=calico-node \\
                                -e ETCD_ENDPOINTS=\${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \\
                                -e ETCD_CA_CERT_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-root-ca.pem \\
                                -e ETCD_CERT_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \\
                                -e ETCD_KEY_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \\
                                -e NODENAME=${HOSTNAME} \\
                                -e IP= \\
                                -e IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD=can-reach=${K8S_MASTER_IP} \\
                                -e AS=64512 \\
                                -e CLUSTER_TYPE=k8s,bgp \\
                                -e CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR=10.20.0.0/16 \\
                                -e CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP=always \\
                                -e CALICO_LIBNETWORK_ENABLED=true \\
                                -e CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND=bird \\
                                -e CALICO_DISABLE_FILE_LOGGING=true \\
                                -e FELIX_IPV6SUPPORT=false \\
                                -e FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION=ACCEPT \\
                                -e FELIX_LOGSEVERITYSCREEN=info \\
                                -e FELIX_IPINIPMTU=1440 \\
                                -e FELIX_HEALTHENABLED=true \\
                                -e CALICO_K8S_NODE_REF=${HOSTNAME} \\
                                -v /etc/calico/etcd-root-ca.pem:/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-root-ca.pem \\
                                -v /etc/calico/etcd.pem:/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \\
                                -v /etc/calico/etcd-key.pem:/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \\
                                -v /lib/modules:/lib/modules \\
                                -v /var/lib/calico:/var/lib/calico \\
                                -v /var/run/calico:/var/run/calico \\
                                quay.io/calico/node:v3.1.0
ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker rm -f calico-node
Restart=always
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

　　执行shell文件，将calico-systemd.sh复制集群其他机器。并修改其中的节点信息和ip

　　对于以上脚本中的 K8S_MASTER_IP 变量，只需要填写一个 master ip 即可，这个变量用于 calico 自动选择 IP 使用；在宿主机有多张网卡的情况下，calcio node 会自动获取一个 IP，获取原则就是尝试是否能够联通这个 master ip

　　由于 calico 需要使用 etcd 存储数据，所以需要复制 etcd 证书到相关目录，/etc/calico 需要在每个节点都有　　

mkdir -p /etc/calico

cp /etc/etcd/ssl/* /etc/calico

　　6.3 修改kubelet配置

　　使用 Calico 后需要修改 kubelet 配置增加 CNI 设置(--network-plugin=cni)，修改后配置如下　

###
# kubernetes kubelet (minion) config
# The address for the info server to serve on (set to 0.0.0.0 or "" for all interfaces)
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--node-ip=172.16.60.99"
# The port for the info server to serve on
# KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"
# You may leave this blank to use the actual hostname
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=node-03"
# location of the api-server
# KUBELET_API_SERVER=""
# Add your own!
KUBELET_ARGS="  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
                --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
                --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs \
                --network-plugin=cni \
                --cluster-dns=10.254.0.2 \
                --cluster-domain=cluster.local. \
                --fail-swap-on=false \
                --feature-gates=RotateKubeletClientCertificate=true,RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
                --node-labels=node-role.kubernetes.io/k8s-node=true \
                --image-gc-high-threshold=70 \
                --image-gc-low-threshold=50 \
                --kube-reserved=cpu=250m,memory=256Mi,ephemeral-storage=1Gi \
                --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
                --system-reserved=cpu=500m,memory=512Mi,ephemeral-storage=1Gi \
                --serialize-image-pulls=false \
                --sync-frequency=30s \
                --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.0 \
                --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf \
                --rotate-certificates"

　　6.4 创建Calico Daemonset　

# 先创建 RBAC
kubectl apply -f \
https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/rbac.yaml

# 再创建 Calico Daemonset
kubectl create -f calico.yaml

　　6.5 启动Calico Node

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart calico-node
systemctl enable calico-node

# 等待 20s 拉取镜像
sleep 20
systemctl restart kubelet

# 由于防火墙的原因，有些镜像获取不到，所以可以下载一个可以使用的镜像，再为其打个tag（所有节点执行）

docker pull kubernetes/pause

docker tag kubernetes/pause k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.0

　　6.6 测试网络

　　网络测试与其他几篇文章一样，创建几个 pod 测试即可

　　在master-01上执行　

# 创建 deployment
cat << EOF >> demo.deploy.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: demo-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: demo
        image: mritd/demo
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
EOF
kubectl create -f demo.deploy.yml

　　执行结果：

　　测试相互执行能否ping通：

　　pod 之间和 pod 与主机之间都能ping通

七、部署集群DNS

　　7.1 部署CoreDNS

　　CoreDNS 给出了标准的 deployment 配置，如下

coredns.yaml.sed

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health
        kubernetes CLUSTER_DOMAIN REVERSE_CIDRS {
          pods insecure
          upstream
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        proxy . /etc/resolv.conf
        cache 30
    }
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  replicas: 2
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.1.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: CLUSTER_DNS_IP
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP

　　然后直接使用脚本替换即可(脚本变量我已经修改了)　　

#!/bin/bash

# Deploys CoreDNS to a cluster currently running Kube-DNS.

SERVICE_CIDR=${1:-10.254.0.0/16}
POD_CIDR=${2:-10.20.0.0/16}
CLUSTER_DNS_IP=${3:-10.254.0.2}
CLUSTER_DOMAIN=${4:-cluster.local}
YAML_TEMPLATE=${5:-`pwd`/coredns.yaml.sed}

sed -e s/CLUSTER_DNS_IP/$CLUSTER_DNS_IP/g -e s/CLUSTER_DOMAIN/$CLUSTER_DOMAIN/g -e s?SERVICE_CIDR?$SERVICE_CIDR?g -e s?POD_CIDR?$POD_CIDR?g $YAML_TEMPLATE > coredns.yaml

　　创建　　

# 执行上面的替换脚本
./deploy.sh

# 创建 CoreDNS
kubectl create -f coredns.yaml

　　查看　　

[root@master-01 coredns]# kubectl exec -it demo-deployment-c96d5d97b-47tc4 bash
bash-4.4# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
nameserver 10.254.0.2
search default.svc.cluster.local. svc.cluster.local. cluster.local.
options ndots:5

　　注意：直接ping ClusterIP是ping不通的，ClusterIP是根据IPtables路由到服务的endpoint上，只有结合ClusterIP加端口才能访问到对应的服务。

八、部署heapster

　　heapster 部署相对简单的多，yaml 创建一下就可以了　　

kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/grafana.yaml
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/heapster.yaml
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb.yaml
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/rbac/heapster-rbac.yaml

　　这些yaml文件中个的镜像很可能由于防火墙的原因下载不下来，需要自己搜合适的镜像，再为其打个tag

　　如：　

docker search heapster-grafana-amd64

docker pull pupudaye/heapster-grafana-amd64

docker tag pupudaye/heapster-grafana-amd64 k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3

九、部署Dashboard　　

　　9.1 安装dashboard

　　（1）下载yaml文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml -O kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

　　将最后部分的端口暴露修改如下　　

# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: dashboard-tls
      port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30000
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

　　（2）修改镜像地址　

docker pull k8scn/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64

docker tag k8scn/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64 k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3

　　（3）制作证书

　　使用NodePort的方式来访问Dashboard时，需要指定有效的证书，才能访问。参考Certificate management。　

mkdir ~/certs

[root@master-01 certs]# openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out dashboard.pass.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.....................+++
.............................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@master-01 certs]# openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in dashboard.pass.key -out dashboard.key
writing RSA key
[root@master-01 certs]# ls
dashboard.key  dashboard.pass.key
[root@master-01 certs]# rm dashboard.pass.key
rm: remove regular file ‘dashboard.pass.key’? y
[root@master-01 certs]#  openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:ZJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:HZ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:YM
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:YM
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:JF
Email Address []:[email protected]    

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:123456
An optional company name []:123456
[root@master-01 certs]# openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=ZJ/L=HZ/O=YM/OU=YM/CN=JF/[email protected]
Getting Private key

　　查看证书

[root@master-01 ~]# tree ~/certs
/root/certs
├── dashboard.crt
├── dashboard.csr
└── dashboard.key

　　（4）使用证书生成kubernetes-dashboard 秘钥　

kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=$HOME/certs -n kube-system

　　查看kubernetes secret

[root@master-01 ~]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kube-system
Name:         kubernetes-dashboard-certs
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Type:  Opaque

Data
====
dashboard.crt:  1208 bytes
dashboard.csr:  1070 bytes
dashboard.key:  1679 bytes

　　（5）安装dashboard

kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

[root@master-01 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide -n kube-system | grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard-7d5dcdb6d9-pfkm8    1/1       Running   0          15h       10.20.222.6    master-02
[root@master-01 ~]# kubectl get service kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.254.105.48   <none>        443:30000/TCP   15h

　　9.2 创建admin账户

　　默认情况下部署成功后可以直接访问 https://NODE_IP:30000 访问，但是想要登录进去查看的话需要使用 kubeconfig 或者 access token 的方式；实际上这个就是 RBAC 授权控制，以下提供一个创建 admin access token 的脚本　　

#!/bin/bash


if kubectl get sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system &> /dev/null;then
    echo -e "\033[33mWARNING: ServiceAccount dashboard-admin exist!\033[0m"
else
    kubectl create sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system
    kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
fi

kubectl describe secret -n kube-system $(kubectl get secrets -n kube-system | grep dashboard-admin | cut -f1 -d ' ') | grep -E '^token'

　　选择令牌，复制token