为了了解发生的情况，我们在模型训练期间打印一些统计数据，以了解训练是否在进行中。 但是，我们可以做得更好：PyTorch 与 TensorBoard 集成在一起，TensorBoard 是一种工具，用于可视化神经网络训练运行的结果。
- 读取数据并进行适当的转换（与先前的教程几乎相同）。
- 设置 TensorBoard。
- 写入 TensorBoard。
- 使用 TensorBoard 检查模型架构。
- 使用 TensorBoard 来创建我们在上一个教程中创建的可视化的交互式版本，并使用较少的代码
- 有两种方法可以检查我们的训练数据
- 在训练模型时如何跟踪其表现
- 在训练后如何评估模型的表现。
# imports
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import torch
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from fontTools.merge import cmap
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
#tranforms
transform = transforms.Compose(
[transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.5,),(0.5,))])
# datasets
trainset = torchvision.datasets.FashionMNIST(',/data',
download=True,
train=True,
transform=transform)
testset = torchvision.datasets.FashionMNIST('./data',
download=True,
train=False,
transform=transform)
# dataloaders
trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=4,
shuffle=True, num_workers=0)
testloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(testset, batch_size=4,
shuffle=False, num_workers=0)
# constant for classes
classes = ('T-shirt/top', 'Trouser', 'Pullover', 'Dress', 'Coat',
'Sandal', 'Shirt', 'Sneaker', 'Bag', 'Ankle Boot')
# helper function to show an image
# (used in the `plot_classes_preds` function below)
def matplotlib_imshow(img, one_channel=False):
if one_channel:
img = img.mean(dim=0)
img = img /2 + 0.5
npimg = img.numpy()
if one_channel:
plt.imshow(npimg, cmap=="Greys")
else:
plt.imshow(np.transpose(npimg, (1, 2, 0)))
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5)
self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
x = self.fc3(x)
return x
net = Net()
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr = 0.001, momentum = 0.9)
# TensorBoard的设置
# default `log_dir` is "runs" - we'll be more specific here
writer = SummaryWriter('runs/fashion_mnist_experiment_1')
# 写入TensorBoard
# 现在，使用make_grid将图像写入到 TensorBoard 中，具体来说就是网格
# get some random training images
dataiter = iter(trainloader)
images, labels = dataiter.next()
# create grid of images
img_grid = torchvision.utils.make_grid(images)
# show images
matplotlib_imshow(img_grid, one_channel=True)
# write to tensorboard
writer.add_image('four_fashion_mnist_images', img_grid)
# 使用TensorBoard检查模型
writer.add_graph(net, images)
writer.close()
# 在TensorBoard中添加投影仪
# helper function
def select_n_random(data, labels, n=100):
'''
Selects n random datapoints and their corresponding labels from a dataset
'''
assert len(data) == len(labels)
perm = torch.randperm(len(data))
return data[perm][:n], labels[perm][:n]
# select random images and their target indices
images, labels = select_n_random(trainset.data, trainset.targets)
# get the class labels for each image
class_labels = [classes[lab] for lab in labels]
# log embeddings
features = images.view(-1, 28 * 28)
writer.add_embedding(features,
metadata=class_labels,
label_img=images.unsqueeze(1))
writer.close()
# 使用TensorBoard跟踪模型训练
# helper functions
def images_to_probs(net, images):
output = net(images)
# convert output probabilities to predicted class
_, preds_tensor = torch.max(output, 1)
preds = np.squeeze(preds_tensor.numpy())
return preds, [F.softmax(el, dim=0)[i].item() for i, el in zip(preds, output)]
def plot_classes_preds(net, images, labels):
preds, probs = images_to_probs(net, images)
# plot the images in the batch, along with predicted and true labels
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 48))
for idx in np.arange(4):
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 4, idx+1, xticks=[], yticks=[])
matplotlib_imshow(images[idx], one_channel=True)
ax.set_title("{0}, {1:.1f}%\n(label: {2})".format(
classes[preds[idx]],
probs[idx] * 100.0,
classes[labels[idx]]),
color=("green" if preds[idx]==labels[idx].item() else "red"))
return fig
running_loss = 0.0
for epoch in range(1): # loop over the dataset multiple times
for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):
# get the inputs; data is a list of [inputs, labels]
inputs, labels = data
# zero the parameter gradients
optimizer.zero_grad()
# forward + backward + optimize
outputs = net(inputs)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
running_loss += loss.item()
if i % 1000 == 999: # every 1000 mini-batches...
# ...log the running loss
writer.add_scalar('training loss',
running_loss / 1000,
epoch * len(trainloader) + i)
# ...log a Matplotlib Figure showing the model's predictions on a
# random mini-batch
writer.add_figure('predictions vs. actuals',
plot_classes_preds(net, inputs, labels),
global_step=epoch * len(trainloader) + i)
running_loss = 0.0
print('Finished Training')
# 使用 TensorBoard 评估经过训练的模型
# 1\. gets the probability predictions in a test_size x num_classes Tensor
# 2\. gets the preds in a test_size Tensor
# takes ~10 seconds to run
class_probs = []
class_preds = []
with torch.no_grad():
for data in testloader:
images, labels = data
output = net(images)
class_probs_batch = [F.softmax(el, dim=0) for el in output]
_, class_preds_batch = torch.max(output, 1)
class_probs.append(class_probs_batch)
class_preds.append(class_preds_batch)
test_probs = torch.cat([torch.stack(batch) for batch in class_probs])
test_preds = torch.cat(class_preds)
# helper function
def add_pr_curve_tensorboard(class_index, test_probs, test_preds, global_step=0):
'''
Takes in a "class_index" from 0 to 9 and plots the corresponding
precision-recall curve
'''
tensorboard_preds = test_preds == class_index
tensorboard_probs = test_probs[:, class_index]
writer.add_pr_curve(classes[class_index],
tensorboard_preds,
tensorboard_probs,
global_step=global_step)
writer.close()
# plot all the pr curves
for i in range(len(classes)):
add_pr_curve_tensorboard(i, test_probs, test_preds)