用Scrapy框架实现对糗事百科的段子爬取(详细版)

用Scrapy框架实现对糗事百科的段子爬取

闲来无事看一下网上的段子也是挺不错的。

一、效果图

在这里插入图片描述
用Scrapy框架成功创建一个项目的时候如下图所示：

我们对每一个py文件进行补充：

二、qsbk_sp爬虫文件代码

import scrapy
# from scrapy.http.response.html import HtmlResponse
# from scrapy.selector.unified import SelectorList
from scrapy_demo.qsbk.qsbk.items import QsbkItem


class QsbkSpSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'qsbk_sp'
    allowed_domains = ['qiushibaike.com']
    start_urls = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/1/']
    base_url="https://www.qiushibaike.com"

    def parse(self, response):
        # SelectorList
        duanzidivs = response.xpath("//div[@class='col1 old-style-col1']/div")
       # items = []
        for duanzidiv in duanzidivs:
            #Selector
            author = duanzidiv.xpath(".//h2/text()").get().strip()
            content = duanzidiv.xpath(".//div[@class='content']//text()").getall()
            content = "".join(content).strip()
            item = QsbkItem(author=author,content=content)
           # items.append(item)
           # duanzi ={'author':author,'content':content}
           # yield duanzi
            yield item
       # return items

    # 爬取多页面！！
        next_url = response.xpath("//ul[@class='pagination']/li[last()]/a/@href").get()
        if not next_url:  #当是最后一页的时候不再往下执行
            return
        else:
            yield scrapy.Request(self.base_url+next_url, callback=self.parse) # 将新的url赋给parse函数 然后重复执行上面的parse函数

items.py文件代码如下：

三、items.py文件代码

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class QsbkItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    author = scrapy.Field()
    content = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py代码如下：（我用了三种不同的方式实现数据的存储。）

四、pipelines.py文件代码

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


# useful for handling different item types with a single interface



#1.最基本的数据保存方式
# from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
# import json
#
# class QsbkPipeline(object):
#     def __init__(self):
#         self.fp = open("duanzi.json",'w',encoding='utf-8')
#     def open_spider(self,spider):
#         print("爬虫开始了》》》")
#     def process_item(self, item, spider):
#         item_json = json.dumps(dict(item),ensure_ascii=False)
#         self.fp.write(item_json+'\n')
#         return item
#     def close_spider(self,spider):
#         self.fp.close()
#         print("爬虫结束了》》")


# 2.下面这种方式把所有的数据放到一个列表中去，比较耗用内存 （当数据较少的时候适合使用）
# from scrapy.exporters import JsonItemExporter  #JsonItemExporter以byte方式写入
# class QsbkPipeline(object):
#     def __init__(self):
#         self.fp = open("duanzi1.json",'wb')  #wb用二进制形式打开
#         self.exporter = JsonItemExporter(self.fp,ensure_ascii=False,encoding='utf-8')
#         self.exporter.start_exporting()  # 开始标志
#
#     def open_spider(self,spider):
#         print("爬虫开始了》》》")
#     def process_item(self, item, spider):
#         self.exporter.export_item(item)
#         return item
#     def close_spider(self,spider):
#         self.exporter.finish_exporting()  # 结束的标志
#         self.fp.close()
#         print("爬虫结束了》》")


# 3.最简介的数据保存方式 （数据较多的时候采用这种方式） 不需要开始和结束
from scrapy.exporters import JsonLinesItemExporter  #以每一个字典为一行的方式存储 这样的存储方式占用的内存少
class QsbkPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fp = open("duanzi1.json",'wb')  #wb用二进制形式打开
        self.exporter = JsonLinesItemExporter(self.fp,ensure_ascii=False,encoding='utf-8')

    def open_spider(self,spider):
        print("爬虫开始了》》》")
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.exporter.export_item(item)
        return item
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.fp.close()
        print("爬虫结束了》》")

settings.py文件代码：

五、settings.py文件代码

# Scrapy settings for qsbk project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'qsbk'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['qsbk.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'qsbk.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'qsbk (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1  
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
    
    
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  'Accept-Language': 'en',
  'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:88.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/88.0'
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    
    
#    'qsbk.middlewares.QsbkSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    
    
#    'qsbk.middlewares.QsbkDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
    
    
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    
    
   'qsbk.pipelines.QsbkPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

start.py文件：（用此文件的目的：此文件代替了从cmd命令中启动爬虫，省时）

六、start.py文件代码

from scrapy import cmdline

cmdline.execute(["scrapy",'crawl','qsbk_sp'])

最后运行一下start.py即可！！
运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述

最后会生成一个文件，我们想要的结果：在这里插入图片描述

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