oracle起库报错ORA-48108 ORA-48410 ORA-48187

SQL> startup nomount
ORA-48108: invalid value given for the diagnostic_dest init.ora parameter
ORA-48140: the specified ADR Base directory does not exist [/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/<ORACLE_BASE>]
ORA-48187: specified directory does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1

原因是是找不到参数文件路径
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/backup/pfile.ora'
File created
SQL> startup nomount