鼬的java学习笔记----SpringBoot自动配置原理源码解析

三个重要的组件

• xxxxxProperties：实体类，用于封装application.properties里面配置的参数。
• 核心服务类：实现某个特定功能的类。也就是xxxxxAutoConfiguration要进行配置的类。
• xxxxxAutoConfiguration：自动配置类，三个组件中最重要的。用于配置核心服务类，利用xxxxxProperties的值为核心服务类设置成员变量的值。

@SpringBootApplication

SpringBoot的启动类上的注解，该注解，被@EnableAutoConfiguration所注解。

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

	String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
	 * @return the classes to exclude
	 */
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
	 * applied.
	 * @return the class names to exclude
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	String[] excludeName() default {};

}
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@EnableAutoConfiguration注解中引入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类。

public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware,
		ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {
            .......省略部分代码
                @Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
				.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
		AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(autoConfigurationMetadata,
				annotationMetadata);
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
	}
            ......省略部分代码
        }
        
        
        或者是下面的代码
        
        @Override
		public void process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) {
			Assert.state(deferredImportSelector instanceof AutoConfigurationImportSelector,
					() -> String.format("Only %s implementations are supported, got %s",
							AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class.getSimpleName(),
							deferredImportSelector.getClass().getName()));
			AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector) deferredImportSelector)
					.getAutoConfigurationEntry(getAutoConfigurationMetadata(), annotationMetadata);
			this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry);
			for (String importClassName : autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()) {
				this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata);
			}
		}
		
		他们都会调用getAutoConfigurationEntry方法
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protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata,
			AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return EMPTY_ENTRY;
		}
		AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
        //Return the auto-configuration class names that should be considered
        //返回所有xxxxxAutoConfiguration的类名，那这些类名从哪里获取呢？----类路径中的META-INF/spring.factories文件中
		//这些xxxxxAutoConfiguration类，后期都会被注册到容器中。
        List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
		Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
		configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
		configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
		fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
		return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
	}
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/**
	 * Return the auto-configuration class names that should be considered. By default
	 * this method will load candidates using {@link SpringFactoriesLoader} with
	 * {@link #getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()}.
	 * @param metadata the source metadata
	 * @param attributes the {@link #getAttributes(AnnotationMetadata) annotation
	 * attributes}
	 * @return a list of candidate configurations
	 */
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        //getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()的方法返回值是固定的----EnableAutoConfiguration.class
		List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
				getBeanClassLoader());
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
				+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}
   /**
	 * Return the class used by {@link SpringFactoriesLoader} to load configuration
	 * candidates.
	 * @return the factory class
	 */
	protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
		return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
	}
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/**
	 * Load the fully qualified class names of factory implementations of the
	 * given type from {@value #FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION}, using the given
	 * class loader.
	 * @param factoryType the interface or abstract class representing the factory
	 * @param classLoader the ClassLoader to use for loading resources; can be
	 * {@code null} to use the default
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an error occurs while loading factory names
	 * @see #loadFactories
	 */
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
		//factoryTypeName的值为org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration
        String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
        //从Map中根据factoryTypeName的值作为key，获取其在spring.factories配置文件中对应的值
		return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
	}
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private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
   	........省略部分代码
   	try {
           /**
             * The location to look for factories.
             * <p>Can be present in multiple JAR files.
             * public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
             */
           //获取类路径中，所有的spring.factories配置文件
   		Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
   				classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
   				ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
   		result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
   		while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
   			URL url = urls.nextElement();
   			UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
               //将spring.factories配置文件里面的值读出来，放入Map中
   			Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
   			for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
   				String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
   				for (String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) {
   					result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());
   				}
   			}
   		}
   		cache.put(classLoader, result);
   		return result;
   	........省略部分代码
   }
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在spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.2.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.5.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\spring.factories中，可以看到EnableAutoConfiguration对应的值：

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudServiceConnectorsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.rest.RestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration
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xxxxxAutoConfiguration

每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中；用他们来做自动配置； 以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（Http编码自动配置）为例，解释自动配置原理为例子，分析下自动配置：

//表示这是一个配置类，等同于以前编写的xml配置文件一样，本事也（@Component）是个组件，可以利用它给容器中添加组件
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
//启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能；将配置文件中对应的值和HttpProperties绑定起来；
//并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpProperties.class)
//Spring底层@Conditional注解（Spring注解版），根据不同的条件，如果
//满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效； 判断当前应用是否是web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET)
//判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器；
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)
//判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置 ,spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判断也是成立的
//即使我们配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默认生效的；
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
    
    //他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
	private final HttpProperties.Encoding properties;
    //只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿
    //HttpProperties就是我们上面说的三个重要角色之一----xxxxxProperties
	public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpProperties properties) {
		this.properties = properties.getEncoding();
	}
    //给容器中添加一个组件，所添加的组件就是我们上面说的三个重要角色之一------核心服务类，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
	@Bean
    //判断容器没有这个Bean的情况下自动配置该组件
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
	public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
		CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
		filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
		filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
		filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
        //这个filter就是我们上面说的核心服务类
		return filter;
	}
    ......省略部分代码

}
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xxxxProperties

所有在配置文件中（application.properties）能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功 能对应的这个属性类 。

//从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http")
public class HttpProperties {
    //application.properites文件中就可以配置spring.http.logRequestDetails的值了
    private boolean logRequestDetails;
    private final Encoding encoding = new Encoding();
}
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一张图明白自动配置流程：

细节

自动配置类必须在一定的条件下才能生效；

我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效？我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性，来让控制台打印自动配置报告，这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置 类生效。

设置VM参数：-D:debug=true

启动程序，控制台输出如下：

Positive matches:（自动配置类启用的）
-----------------

   AopAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.auto=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

   AopAutoConfiguration.ClassProxyingConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class 'org.aspectj.weaver.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.proxy-target-class=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)
      ...........
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Negative matches:（没有启动，没有匹配成功的自动配置类）
-----------------

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)

   AopAutoConfiguration.AspectJAutoProxyingConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'org.aspectj.weaver.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
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