零基础入门Typescript—类与接口

Typescript中的类

先来看一个例子,使用 extends关键字创建了 Animal的两个子类: Horse和 Snake。

class Animal {
    
    
    name: string;
    constructor(theName: string) {
    
     this.name = theName; }
    move(distanceInMeters: number = 0) {
    
    
        console.log(`${
      
      this.name} moved ${
      
      distanceInMeters}m.`);
    }
}

class Snake extends Animal {
    
    
    constructor(name: string) {
    
     super(name); }
    move(distanceInMeters = 5) {
    
    
        console.log("Slithering...");
        super.move(distanceInMeters);
    }
}

class Horse extends Animal {
    
    
    constructor(name: string) {
    
     super(name); }
    move(distanceInMeters = 45) {
    
    
        console.log("Galloping...");
        super.move(distanceInMeters);
    }
}

let sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");
let tom: Animal = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino");

sam.move();
tom.move(34);

Public:公共,私有与受保护的修饰符

在TypeScript里,成员都默认为 public。
你也可以明确的将一个成员标记成 public。 我们可以用下面的方式来重写上面的 Animal类:

class Animal {
    
    
    public name: string;
    public constructor(theName: string) {
    
     this.name = theName; }
    public move(distanceInMeters: number) {
    
    
        console.log(`${
      
      this.name} moved ${
      
      distanceInMeters}m.`);
    }
}

private:修饰属性或方法是私有的

当成员被标记成 private时,它就不能在声明它的类的外部访问。比如:

class Animal {
    
    
    private name: string;
    constructor(theName: string) {
    
     this.name = theName; }
}

new Animal("Cat").name; // 错误: 'name' 是私有的.

protected:修饰的属性或方法是受保护的

protected修饰符与 private修饰符的行为很相似,但有一点不同, protected成员在派生类中仍然可以访问。可以理解成遗产,只有自己和子女能够使用,别人不行。例如:

class Person {
    
    
    protected name: string;
    constructor(name: string) {
    
     this.name = name; }
}

class Employee extends Person {
    
    
    private department: string;

    constructor(name: string, department: string) {
    
    
        super(name)
        this.department = department;
    }

    public getElevatorPitch() {
    
    
        return `Hello, my name is ${
      
      this.name} and I work in ${
      
      this.department}.`;
    }
}

let howard = new Employee("Howard", "Sales");
console.log(howard.getElevatorPitch());
console.log(howard.name); // 错误

我们不能在 Person类外使用 name,但是我们仍然可以通过 Employee类的实例方法访问,因为 Employee是由 Person派生而来的。

类与接口

interface Radio {
    
    
  switchRadio(trigger: boolean): void;
}
class Car implements Radio {
    
    
  switchRadio(trigger) {
    
    
    return 123
  }
}
class Cellphone implements Radio {
    
    
  switchRadio() {
    
    
  }
}

interface Battery {
    
    
  checkBatteryStatus(): void;
}

// 要实现多个接口,我们只需要中间用 逗号 隔开即可。
class Cellphone implements Radio, Battery {
    
    
  switchRadio() {
    
    
  }
  checkBatteryStatus() {
    
    

  }
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_45745641/article/details/121159422
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