互联网技术体验 - RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ (https://www.rabbitmq.com/)是款使用Erlang语言构建的消息队列服务器（Message Queue Server），该类服务也称为消息中间件是对AMQP协议的应用实现，用于各应用程序之间的异步消息传递。

Installation

因为RabbitMQ基于Erlang开发，因此Erlang环境需要提前部署到服务器，可参考官网页面：https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html，因对软件版本没有特定要求，所以个人实践中直接使用发行版Repo提供的Erlang和RabbitMQ。

apt-get install erlang
which erl
apt-get install rabbitmq-server
service rabbitmq-server status

RabbitMQ配置文件为/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf，可用来定义监听IP和端口，一般无需修改。

Command Line Tools + Management Plugin

RabbitMQ提供的命令管理工具可参考https://www.rabbitmq.com/cli.html，主要有以下三个命令：

rabbitmqctl for general administrative/operator tasks
rabbitmq-plugins for plugin management
rabbitmqadmin for operator tasks over HTTP API

其中rabbitmqadmin命令是对RabbitMQ提供的管理插件基于HTTP协议接口的封装以便于编程控制，实际中主要使用该插件提供的web界面管理和监控MQ服务。

1. rabbitmqctl

rabbitmqctl status
rabbitmqctl list_queues

rabbitmqctl list_users
rabbitmqctl add_user root 123
rabbitmqctl change_password root 456 
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags root administrator

rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
rabbitmqctl list_permissions
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / root ".*" ".*" ".*"

2. rabbitmq-plugins

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management 
rabbitmq-plugins list

3. rabbitmq_management HTTP GUI/API

参考https://www.rabbitmq.com/management.html

http://<IP>:15672/
http://<IP>:15672/api
http://<IP>:15672/cli

Note: 默认guest/guest口令因安全问题只能通过本机127.0.0.1接口访问，因此如果网络访问服务需要添加其他账户并设置VHOST权限，一般添加admin用户访问GUI和使用库编程。

rabbitmqctl add_user admin admin
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / root ".*" ".*" ".*"

Client Library

RabbitMQ提供了多种语言编写的API库，并且官方提供了详细的程序实例参考https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html，如果选用Java库通过网络访问RabbitMQ服务需要在ConnectionFactory对象中设置用户名密码覆盖默认的guest/guest。

   com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory factory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();
   factory.setHost("192.168.19.131");
   factory.setPort(5672);
   factory.setUsername("admin");
   factory.setPassword("admin");

官方提供的简单实例：

export CLASSPATH=.:/home/ce/Desktop/jar/amqp-client-4.0.2.jar:/home/ce/Desktop/jar/slf4j-api-1.7.21.jar:/home/ce/Desktop/jar/slf4j-simple-1.7.22.jar

#send.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

public class send {
    private final static String queue_name = "test";
    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {

        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.19.131");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setUsername("root");
        factory.setPassword("123");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, false, false, false, null);
        String message = "Test Message @#$%^&";
        channel.basicPublish("", queue_name, null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x] sent '" + message + "'");

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    } 
}

#recv.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class recv {
    private final static String queue_name = "test";
    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.19.131");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setUsername("root");
        factory.setPassword("123");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, false, false, false, null);
        System.out.println("Message Receiving. if exit CTRL + C");
        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("[x] Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };  
        channel.basicConsume(queue_name, true, consumer);
    }
}

执行结果如下：

root@bruce-virtual-machine:/home/ce/Desktop# java send
[x] sent 'Test Message @#$%^&'
root@bruce-virtual-machine:/home/ce/Desktop# java recv
Message Receiving. if exit CTRL + C
[x] Received 'Test Message @#$%^&'
.........

对于服务器上的消息状态可以通过rabbitmqctl list_queues查看也可以通过网页上对应Queue_Name页面里的Get Message(s)查看。