LAMP架构及其一键部署

一.LAMP基本概述

• LAMP架构是目前成熟的企业网站应用模式之一，指的是协同工作的一整套系统和相关软件，能够提供动态Web站点服务及其应用开发环境。LAMP是一个缩写词，具体包括Linux操作系统、Apache网站服务器、MySQL数据库服务器、PHP（或Perl、Python）网页编程语言。

(一)各组件的作用

• (平台)Linux：作为LAMP架构的基础，提供用于支撑Web站点的操作系统，能够与其他三个组件提供更好的稳定性，兼容性(AMP组件也支持Windows、UNIX等平台) 。

• (前台)Apache：作为LAMP架构的前端，是一款功能强大，稳定性好的Web服务器程序，该服务器直接面向用户提供网站访问，发送网页，图片等文件内容。

• (后台)MySQL：作为LAMP架构的后端，是一款流行的开源关系数据库系统。在企业网站、业务系统等应用中，各种账户信息、产品信息，客户资料、业务数据等都可以存储到MySQL数据库，其他程序可以通过SQL语句来查询，更改这些信息。

• (中间连接)PHP/Perl/Python：作为三种开发动态网页的编程语言，负责解释动态网页文件，负责沟通Web服务器和数据库系统以协同工作，并提供Web应用程序的开发和运行环境。其中PHP是一种被广泛应用的开放源代码的多用途脚本语言，它可以嵌入到HTML中，尤其适合于Web应用开发。

在构建LAMP平台时，各组件的安装顺序依次为Linux、Apache、MySQL、PHP。其中Apache和MySQL的安装并没有严格的顺序，PHP环境的安装一般放到最后安装，负责沟通 Web 服务器和数据库系统以协同工作。

二.一键部署LAMP

#!/bin/bash
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0

#安装依赖包
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel expat-devel perl
 
#配置软件模块
cd /opt/ 
tar zxvf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz
tar jxvf httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2
mv apr-1.6.2 /opt/httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr
mv apr-util-1.6.0 /opt/httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr-util
cd /opt/httpd-2.4.29/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-charset-lite --enable-cgi

#编译及安装
make && make install
#优化配置文件路径，并把httpd服务的可执行程序文件放入路径环境变量的目录中便于系统识别
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

#添加httpd系统服务
echo '[Unit]
Description=The Apache HTTP Server                      
After=network.target                                             
[Service]
Type=forking                                                            
PIDFile=/usr/local/httpd/logs/httpd.pid         
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/apachectl $OPTIONS     
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID                      
[Install] 
WantedBy=multi-user.target' > /lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service

#修改httpd服务配置文件
sed -i '52a Listen 192.168.60.129:80' /etc/httpd.conf
sed -i '198a ServerName www.qiaodaer.com:80' /etc/httpd.conf
cat /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html
systemctl restart httpd.service


#部署mysql
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake
#配置软件模块
cd /opt/
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz
tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost
cd /opt/mysql-5.7.17/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

#编译安装
make && make install

#创建mysql用户
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

#修改mysql配置文件
echo '[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1' > /etc/my.cnf
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

#更改mysql安装目录和配置文件的属主属组
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
#设置路径环境变量
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile	
source /etc/profile
#初始化数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
#添加mysqld系统服务
cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld 
netstat -anpt | grep 3306
#修改mysql 的登录密码
yum -y install expect

function abc {
passwd=$1
/usr/bin/expect <<-EOF
spawn mysqladmin -u root -p password $passwd
expect "Enter password:" 
send "\r"

expect eof
EOF
}
abc "abc123"
function abc {
passwd=$1
/usr/bin/expect <<-EOF
spawn mysqladmin -u root -p password $passwd
expect "Enter password:" 
send "\r"

expect eof
EOF
}
abc "abc123"


function bcd {
/usr/bin/expect <<-EOF
spawn mysql -u root -p
expect "Enter password:" {send "abc123\r"}
expect "mysql>" {send "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';\r"}
expect "mysql>" {send "show databases;\r"}
expect "mysql>" {send "quit\r"}
expect eof
EOF
}
bcd
echo -e "\033[31m mysql安装完成！\033[0m"

#部署PHP
#安装GD库和GD库关联程序，用来处理和生成图片
yum -y install \
gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel

#配置软件模块
cd /opt
tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
cd /opt/php-7.1.10/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip

#编译及安装
make && make install
#复制模版文件作为PHP 的主配置文件，并进行修改
cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/php.ini
sed -i '1170d' /usr/local/php7/php.ini
sed -i '1169a mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock' /usr/local/php7/php.ini
#修改时区
sed -i '939d' /usr/local/php7/php.ini
sed -i '938a date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai' /usr/local/php7/php.ini

#优化把PHP 的可执行程序文件放入路径环境变量的目录中便于系统识别
ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
php -m

#修改httpd 服务的配置文件，让apache支持PHP
sed -i '393a AddType application/x-httpd-php .php' /etc/httpd.conf
sed -i '394a AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps' /etc/httpd.conf
sed -i '256c DirectoryIndex index.html index.php' /etc/httpd.conf

#验证PHP 测试页
rm -rf /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html
echo '<?php
phpinfo();
?>' > /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.php

systemctl restart httpd.service