Java设计模式---观察者模式

首先我们先一定要锁定观察者模式的使用场景:一个类的变化,告知其他相关联的类。

举例如下代码:天气的变化,告知其他所有的地方天气台。

①传统写法:localWeather是被动知道天气的,需要WeatherData天气发生变化才知道(

此类传统写法的坏处,当我们新增加一个 RemoteWeather 时,我们得修改WeatherData类,耦合性很高

public class LocalWeather {
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;

    public void update(float temperature,float humidity){
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    public void display(){
        System.out.println("当地的天气温度:"+temperature);
        System.out.println("当地的天气湿度:"+humidity);
    }

}
package com.guanchazhemoshi;

public class WeatherData {
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private LocalWeather localWeather;

    public WeatherData(LocalWeather localWeather) {
        this.localWeather = localWeather;
    }

    public void dataChange(){
        localWeather.update(this.temperature,this.humidity);
    }

    //当天气数据有更新时,就调用这个方法
    public void setData(float temperature,float humidity){
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        dataChange();
    }

}

测试的代码:

//此类传统写法的坏处,当我新增加一个 remoteWeather 时,我们得修改WeatherData类,耦合性很高
public class TestObserver {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalWeather localWeather = new LocalWeather();
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData(localWeather);
        weatherData.setData(25,30);
    }

}

输出结果:

当地的天气温度:25.0
当地的天气湿度:30.0

===================================================================================================================================================

①观察者模式写法:面向接口编程

//定义主动发起的对象的接口
public interface Subject {
    public void registerObserver(Observer o);
    public void deleteObserver(Observer o);
    public void notifyObsevers();
}
//定义观察者的动作接口
public interface Observer {
    public void update(float temperature,float humidity);
}
//写一个观察者,实现它想要的数据
public class LocalWeather01 implements Observer {
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;

    public void update(float temperature,float humidity){
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    public void display(){
        System.out.println("当地的天气温度:"+temperature);
        System.out.println("当地的天气湿度:"+humidity);
    }
}
//写一个主动者,注入一个观察者的集合,方便通知所有的观察者。list可以存很多观察者
public class WeatherData01 implements Subject{
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private ArrayList<Observer> observers;

    public WeatherData01() {
        observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
    }

    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
        observers.add(o);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteObserver(Observer o) {
        if(observers.contains(0)){
            observers.remove(o);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObsevers() {
        for (int i = 0; i <observers.size() ; i++) {
            observers.get(i).update(this.temperature,this.humidity);
        }
    }

    public void dataChange(){
        notifyObsevers();
    }

    //当天气数据有更新时,就调用这个方法
    public void setData(float temperature,float humidity){
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        dataChange();
    }
}

测试的方法:

public class TestObsever01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalWeather01 localWeather01 = new LocalWeather01();
        WeatherData01 weatherData01 = new WeatherData01();
        weatherData01.registerObserver(localWeather01);

        //天气降至零度
        weatherData01.setData(0,0);
    }
}

输出结果:

当地的天气温度:0.0
当地的天气湿度:0.0

在此观察者模式上,当我们增加一个RemoteWeather类,需要获取天气的数据的时候,类这么写:

public class RemoteWeather implements Observer {
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;

    public void update(float temperature,float humidity){
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    public void display(){
        System.out.println("远方的天气温度:"+temperature);
        System.out.println("远方的天气湿度:"+humidity);
    }
}

测试的方法:

public class TestObsever01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalWeather01 localWeather01 = new LocalWeather01();
        WeatherData01 weatherData01 = new WeatherData01();
        weatherData01.registerObserver(localWeather01);

        RemoteWeather remoteWeather = new RemoteWeather();
        weatherData01.registerObserver(remoteWeather);
        //天气降至零度
        weatherData01.setData(0,0);
    }
}

输出的结果:

当地的天气温度:0.0
当地的天气湿度:0.0
远方的天气温度:0.0
远方的天气湿度:0.0

这个新增加的类是相当的解耦!!!

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转载自blog.csdn.net/LB_Captain/article/details/114379424