python中读取XML

XML:指可扩展标记语言
怎样读取XML
先写一个小xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
            <rank>1</rank>
            <year>2008</year>
            <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
            <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
            <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
            <rank>4</rank>
            <year>2011</year>
            <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
            <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
            <rank>68</rank>
            <year>2011</year>
            <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
            <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
            <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

如图：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
'''
tag:即标签，用于标识该元素表示哪种数据，即APP_KEY
attrib:即属性，用Dictionary形式保存，即{'channel'='CSDN'}
text,文本字符串，并不是必须的。
'''
1先加载文档发哦内存里 形成一个倒桩的树结构
tree = ET.parse('xml')
2.获取根节点
root = tree.getroot()
xml = {}
print('tag:',root.tag,'attrib:',root.attrib,'text:',root.text)
for ele in root:
    print('tag:',ele.tag,'atrib:',ele.attrib,ele.attrib['name'])
    value = []
    for e in ele:
        print('tag:',e.tag,'attrib:',e.attrib,'text:',e.text)
        if e.text is None:
            value.append(e.attrib)
        else:
            value.append({e.tag:e.text})
    xml[ele.attrib['name']]=value
print(xml)

如图：

删除子节点：
nodes = root.findall('country')
for node in nodes:
    if node.attrib['name']=='Liechtenstein': #Liechtenstein：就是要删除的子节点
        root.remove(node)
        break
tree.write('mingbai.xml')
print('删除完成')

如图：

1.

2.

使用SAX API解析XML:

一： 创建一个XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<collection shelf = "New Arrivals">
   <movie title = "Enemy Behind">
      <type>War, Thriller</type>
      <format>DVD</format>
      <year>2013</year>
      <rating>PG</rating>
      <stars>10</stars>
      <description>Talk about a US-Japan war</description>
   </movie>
   <movie title = "Transformers">
      <type>Anime, Science Fiction</type>
      <format>DVD</format>
      <year>1989</year>
      <rating>R</rating>
      <stars>8</stars>
      <description>A schientific fiction</description>
   </movie>
   <movie title = "Trigun">
      <type>Anime, Action</type>
      <format>DVD</format>
      <episodes>4</episodes>
      <rating>PG</rating>
      <stars>10</stars>
   <description>Vash the Stampede!</description>
   </movie>
   <movie title = "Ishtar">
      <type>Comedy</type>
      <format>VHS</format>
      <rating>PG</rating>
      <stars>2</stars>
      <description>Viewable boredom</description>
   </movie>
</collection>

二： sax 解析xml

import xml.sax
class MovieHandler( xml.sax.ContentHandler):
   def __init__(self):
      self.CurrentData = ""  #CurrentData:当前的节点
      self.type = ""
      self.format = ""
      self.year = ""
      self.rating = ""
      self.stars = ""
      self.description = ""

   #  start：开始事件
   def startElement(self, tag, attributes):
      self.CurrentData = tag
      if tag == "movie":
         print ("*****Movie*****")
         title = attributes["title"]
         print ("Title:", title)

   # end： 结束 事件
   def endElement(self, tag):
      if self.CurrentData == "type":
         print ("Type:", self.type)
      elif self.CurrentData == "format":
         print ("Format:", self.format)
      elif self.CurrentData == "year":
         print ("Year:", self.year)
      elif self.CurrentData == "rating":
         print ("Rating:", self.rating)
      elif self.CurrentData == "stars":
         print ("Stars:", self.stars)
      elif self.CurrentData == "description":
         print ("Description:", self.description)
      #清空 缓冲区
      self.CurrentData = ""

   # Call when a character is read
   # characters(text)：方法通过参数text传递XML文件的字符数据。
   def characters(self, content):
      if self.CurrentData == "type":
         self.type = content
      elif self.CurrentData == "format":
         self.format = content
      elif self.CurrentData == "year":
         self.year = content
      elif self.CurrentData == "rating":
         self.rating = content
      elif self.CurrentData == "stars":
         self.stars = content
      elif self.CurrentData == "description":
         self.description = content

if ( __name__ == "__main__"):

   # 1.创建 XMLReader
   parser = xml.sax.make_parser()
   # 2.namepsaces  工作目录  工作空间  命名空间
   parser.setFeature(xml.sax.handler.feature_namespaces, 0)
   handler = MovieHandler()
   #覆盖其原来的ContentHandler
   parser.setContentHandler( handler )
   parser.parse("move.xml")

结果如图：