Linux平台总线驱动设备模型

platform总线是一种虚拟的总线,相应的设备则为platform_device,而驱动则为platform_driver。Linux 2.6的设备驱动模型中,把I2C、RTC、LCD等都归纳为platform_device。

总线将设备和驱动绑定,在系统每注册一个设备的时候,会寻找与之匹配的驱动;相反的,在系统每注册一个驱动的时候,会寻找与之匹配的设备,而匹配由总线完成。

Linux2.6系统中定义了一个bus_type的实例platform_bus_type

struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {
	.name		= "platform",
	.dev_attrs	= platform_dev_attrs,
	.match		= platform_match,		//设备和驱动使用match函数来判断是否匹配
	.uevent		= platform_uevent,
	.pm		= PLATFORM_PM_OPS_PTR,
};
/* platform_match函数用于匹配总线中的驱动和设备 */
static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
	struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
	struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);

	/* match against the id table first */
	if (pdrv->id_table)
		return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;

	/* fall-back to driver name match */
	return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
}

platform_match函数首先判断是否由id_table,如果有则使用id_table来进行匹配,否则,判断platform_device和platform_driver成员里的name,如果二者的name字段相同则匹配,如果匹配则调用platform_driver的probe函数。

platform_device结构体的定义

struct platform_device {
	const char	* name;			/* 名字 */
	int		id;
	struct device	dev;
	u32		num_resources;		/* 资源总数 */
	struct resource	* resource;	/* 资源 */

	struct platform_device_id	*id_entry;
};

其中有个重要的成员是resource,是设备的资源信息,如IO地址,中断号等。

struct resource {
	resource_size_t start;		//资源的起始值
	resource_size_t end;		//资源的结束值
	const char *name;
	unsigned long flags;		//资源的类型,如IORESOURCE_IO,IORESOURCE_MEM,IORESOURCE_IRQ,IORESOURCE_DMA
	struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;
};

有的设备可能有多个资源,通常使用platform_get_resource函数来获取资源

/**
 * platform_get_resource - get a resource for a device
 * @dev: platform device
 * @type: resource type
 * @num: resource index
 */
struct resource *platform_get_resource(struct platform_device *dev,
				       unsigned int type, unsigned int num)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < dev->num_resources; i++) {
		struct resource *r = &dev->resource[i];

		if (type == resource_type(r) && num-- == 0)
			return r;
	}
	return NULL;
}

平台设备的注册,使用platform_device_register函数

int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	device_initialize(&pdev->dev);
	return platform_device_add(pdev);
}

platform_device_register函数先通过device_initialize函数初始化platform_device的device成员,然后调用platform_device_add向内核添加一个平台设备。

 
 

int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	int i, ret = 0;

	if (!pdev)	/* 如果pdev为空则返回EINVAL */
		return -EINVAL;

	/* 如果pdev->dev.parent为空则将pdev->dev.parent设置为platform_bus */
	if (!pdev->dev.parent)
		pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;

	pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;	/* 设置总线类型 */

	if (pdev->id != -1)		/* 如果id = -1则表示自动分配name */
		dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name,  pdev->id);
	else
		dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, pdev->name);

	for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
		struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i];	/* 获取资源 */

		if (r->name == NULL)
			r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);

		p = r->parent;
		if (!p) {
			if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM) /* 设置资源类型 */
				p = &iomem_resource;
			else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)
				p = &ioport_resource;
		}

		if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {
			printk(KERN_ERR
			       "%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",
			       dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);
			ret = -EBUSY;
			goto failed;
		}
	}

	pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n",
		 dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));

	/* 向内核添加一个device */
	ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);
	if (ret == 0)
		return ret;

 failed:
	while (--i >= 0) {
		struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
		unsigned long type = resource_type(r);

		if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
			release_resource(r);
	}

	return ret;
}

platform_device_add最终调用device_add来完成平台设备的注册。


 相反地,如果要注销平台设备则使用platform_device_unregister函数

void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	platform_device_del(pdev);
	platform_device_put(pdev);
}

platform_device_unregister函数调用platform_device_del函数来注销平台设备

void platform_device_del(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	int i;

	if (pdev) {
		device_del(&pdev->dev);

		for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
			struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
			unsigned long type = resource_type(r);

			if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
				release_resource(r);
		}
	}
}


platform_device_del函数调用device_del函数来删除平台设备,相应地,要释放资源应调用release_resource函数,前提是资源的类型必须为IORESOURCE_MEM或者IORESOURCE_IO

platform_driver的定义:

struct platform_driver {
	int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
	int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
	void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
	int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
	int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
	struct device_driver driver;
	const struct platform_device_id *id_table;
};


device_driver的定义:

struct device_driver {
	const char		*name;
	struct bus_type		*bus;

	struct module		*owner;
	const char		*mod_name;	/* used for built-in modules */

	bool suppress_bind_attrs;	/* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */

	const struct of_device_id	*of_match_table;
	const struct acpi_device_id	*acpi_match_table;

	int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
	int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
	void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
	int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
	int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
	const struct attribute_group **groups;

	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;

	struct driver_private *p;
};

platform_driver结构体有device_driver成员,该成员的各自字段如上所示,device_driver也有probe、remove、shutdown等函数,在平台驱动注册的时候被初始化。

前面说过,当系统中存在有平台设备和平台驱动通过总线的match函数匹配后则会调用platform_driver的probe函数,参数为platform_device,有时候也通过id_table来判断是否匹配。

struct platform_device_id {
	char name[PLATFORM_NAME_SIZE];
	kernel_ulong_t driver_data
			__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));
};

平台驱动的注册使用platform_driver_register函数

int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv)
{
	drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
	if (drv->probe)
		drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
	if (drv->remove)
		drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
	if (drv->shutdown)
		drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
	if (drv->suspend)
		drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend;
	if (drv->resume)
		drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume;
	return driver_register(&drv->driver);
}

先初始化platform_driver里的driver,该driver的类型为device_driver,设置driver的bus为platform_bus_type;设置driver的probe为platform_drv_probe;设置driver的remove为platform_drv_remove;设置driver的shutdown为platform_drv_shutdown;设置driver的suspend为platform_drv_suspend;设置driver的resume为platform_drv_resume,最后调用driver_register函数来注册平台驱动。

相反地,要注销平台驱动的话,使用platform_driver_unregister函数

void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *drv)
{
	driver_unregister(&drv->driver);
}

附韦老师总结的bus_drv_dev模型的框架图

转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/lwj103862095/article/details/17957637


猜你喜欢

转载自blog.csdn.net/xiaoxiaopengbo/article/details/78782810