Python爬虫实战：基于Scrapy的爬取斗鱼颜值主播图片并下载到本地2.0版

一、准备

1.创建scrapy项目

scrapy startproject douyu

cd douyu

scrapy genspider spider "www.douyu.com"

2.创建启动文件start.py

from scrapy import cmdline

cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl douyu".split())

二、分析

准备完毕，开始分析。
先进入斗鱼看看。

找到发送的请求

可以看到页面的数据都在其中

而请求的链接为

访问该网址

这么看数据可能不太好分析，复制数据使用在线json进行格式化校验

本次项目中要获取的是主播名称和图片url,分析json数据如下：

我们需要的数据位置：

OK，接下来分析代码

class DouyuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douyu'
    # allowed_domains = ['www.douyu.com']
    #直接访问我们刚才找到的链接
    start_urls = ['https://www.douyu.com/gapi/rknc/directory/yzRec/1']
    offset = 1  #爬取多页限制条件

    def parse(self, response):
        #通过对json的分析，名称和图片都在rl下，我们直接拿到data下的rl进行遍历获取
        data_list = json.loads(response.body)["data"]["rl"]
        for data in data_list:
            nn = data["nn"]  #拿到名称
            img_url = data["rs1"]  #拿到图片url
            item = DouyuItem(nn=nn,img_url=img_url)
            yield item

		#爬取多页，只需改变offset的限制条件，然后进行回调访问
        self.offset += 1
        if self.offset < 4:
            num = int(str(response).split(" ")[1].replace(">", "").split("/")[-1])
            num += 1
            url = "https://www.douyu.com/gapi/rknc/directory/yzRec/" + str(num)
            print(url)
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parse,encoding="utf-8",dont_filter=True)

class DouyuPipeline(ImagesPipeline):

    #get_media_requests，该函数的作用是下载图片
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        image_link = item["img_url"]
        #传参，使图片名称为主播名称
        image_name = item['nn']
        yield scrapy.Request(image_link,meta={"image_name":image_name})


	#图片重命名
    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        #得到传过来的主播名称
        category = request.meta['image_name']
       
       #直接返回想要得到的图片名称
        return category + ".jpg"

最终实现结果为：

三、完整代码

spider.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import json
from douyu.items import DouyuItem


class DouyuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douyu'
    # allowed_domains = ['www.douyu.com']
    start_urls = ['https://www.douyu.com/gapi/rknc/directory/yzRec/1']
    offset = 1


    def parse(self, response):

        data_list = json.loads(response.body)["data"]["rl"]
        for data in data_list:
            nn = data["nn"]
            img_url = data["rs1"]
            item = DouyuItem(nn=nn,img_url=img_url)
            yield item

        self.offset += 1
        if self.offset < 4:
            num = int(str(response).split(" ")[1].replace(">", "").split("/")[-1])
            num += 1
            url = "https://www.douyu.com/gapi/rknc/directory/yzRec/" + str(num)
            print(url)
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parse,encoding="utf-8",dont_filter=True)

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import scrapy
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
from douyu import settings
import os

class DouyuPipeline(ImagesPipeline):

    #get_media_requests，该函数的作用是下载图片
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        image_link = item["img_url"]
        image_name = item['nn']
        yield scrapy.Request(image_link,meta={"image_name":image_name})


    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        # file_name = request.url.split('/')[-1]
        category = request.meta['image_name']
        # images_store = settings.IMAGES_STORE
        # category_path = os.path.join(images_store, category)
        # image_name = os.path.join(category, file_name)
        return category + ".jpg"

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class DouyuItem(scrapy.Item):

    nn = scrapy.Field()  #主播名称
    img_url = scrapy.Field() #直播间封面

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for douyu project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'douyu'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['douyu.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douyu.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'douyu (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

LOG_LEVEL = "ERROR"

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  'Accept-Language': 'en',
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36'
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'douyu.middlewares.DouyuSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'douyu.middlewares.DouyuDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'douyu.pipelines.DouyuPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

import os

IMAGES_STORE = "download"

本次项目到此结束，觉得不错的小伙伴可以点赞关注收藏哦，谢谢各位！
博主更多博客