这 15 个 Python 技巧和窍门，可以帮你提高效率。
1. 交换值
x, y = 1, 2
print(x, y)
x, y = y, x
print(x, y)
2. 字符串列表合并为一个字符串
sentence_list = ["my", "name", "is", "George"]
sentence_string = " ".join(sentence_list)
print(sentence_string)
3. 将字符串拆分为子字符串列表
sentence_string = "my name is George"
sentence_string.split()
print(sentence_string)
4. 通过数字填充初始化列表
[0]*1000 # List of 1000 zeros
[8.2]*1000 # List of 1000 8.2's
5. 字典合并
x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
z = {**x, **y}
6. 反转字符串
name = "George"
name[::-1]
7. 从函数返回多个值
def get_a_string():
a = "George"
b = "is"
c = "cool"
return a, b, c
sentence = get_a_string()
(a, b, c) = sentence
8. 列表解析式
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [num*2 for num in a] # Create a new list by multiplying each element in a by 2
9. 遍历字典
m = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}
for key, value in m.items():
print('{0}: {1}'.format(key, value))
10. 同时遍历列表的索引和值
m = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
for index, value in enumerate(m):
print('{0}: {1}'.format(index, value))
11. 初始化空容器
a_list = list()
a_dict = dict()
a_map = map()
a_set = set()
12. 删除字符串两端的无用字符
name = " George "
name_2 = "George///"
name.strip() # prints "George"
name_2.strip("/") # prints "George"
13. 列表中出现最多的元素
test = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 4, 4, 4]
print(max(set(test), key = test.count))
14. 检查对象的内存使用情况
import sys
x = 1
print(sys.getsizeof(x))
15. 将 dict 转换为 XML
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
def dict_to_xml(tag, d):
'''
Turn a simple dict of key/value pairs into XML
'''
elem = Element(tag)
for key, val in d.items():
child = Element(key)
child.text = str(val)
elem.append(child)
return elem
英文原文：
15 Python tips and tricks, so you don’t have to look them up on Stack Overflow