Unit 1 A
Text A: Words in use
1.crumbled
crumble vi. 崩溃，瓦解，消失
As the gender barriers crumbled, the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century.
随着性别障碍崩溃，从20世纪中期开始，担任律师、医生或银行家的女性人数开始大幅增加。
2.discern
vt. 看出，觉察出，辨明
With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can discern customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.
随着每年收集的数据，商店的所有者可以辨别客户的趋势，以及像天气和经济指标之类的事物如何影响销售业绩。通过每年收集的数据，店主可以了解顾客的趋势，以及天气和经济指标对销售业绩的影响。
3.surpass
vt. 超过，胜过
His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to surpass his personal goals.
他的上司以这种积极的方式推动和激励他，他不仅能够达到而且超越他的个人目标。
他的上司以一种积极的方式推动和激励他，使他不仅能够达到，而且能够超越自己的目标。
4.shrewd
a. 精明的，机敏的，准确的，英明的
He is a man with a shrewd business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.
他是一个有敏锐商业头脑的人。他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至是非常巨大的财富。
他是个精明的生意人。他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至是巨额的财富。
5.conversion
n. 转变，改造，转换
The conversion of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s.
将核辐射直接转化为电能是20世纪50年代许多实验室正在积极探索的一种令人兴奋的可能性。
6.distort
vt. 歪曲，曲解
I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to distort the scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled.
我不仅感到震惊，而且感到恶心，因为这份报告试图歪曲科学事实，甚至一些受过高等教育的人也被愚弄了。
7.radiant
a. 容光焕发的，喜悦的
Sixty-two and blessed with his mother’s skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as radiant as a man in his forties.
62岁的渔夫拥有母亲的皮肤，他一生都经受住了日晒，看上去像一个四十多岁的男人一样容光焕发。
8.ingenious
a. 有独创性的，别出心裁的，构思巧妙的
French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but ingenious code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind.
法国教育家路易斯·布莱叶发明了一种简单而巧妙的密码，这种密码对几代盲人的生活产生了影响。
9.stumped
v. 使困惑，难倒
The senators didn’t expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, they got stumped and didn’t know what to say.
参议员们没想到我们会问这么棘手的问题，当我们终于提出时，他们被难住了，不知该说些什么。
10.proposition
n. 提议，建议，主张，观点，看法
This newly established university supports the proposition that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning.
这所新成立的大学支持这样的观点:更多样化的高等教育体系是可取的，因为它将增加终身学习的机会。
Unit 1 B
Sentence structure
These reports differ from his earlier work in that they offer solutions to public pension problems.
这些报告不同于他早期的工作，因为它们为公共养老金问题提供了解决方案。
These forums are unique in that they provide a venue for those with varying perspectives to have an open and honest dialog.
这些论坛的独特之处在于，它们为不同观点的人提供了一个公开和诚实对话的场所。
Social support has been found to act as a stress reducer in that it protects people in crisis from both physical and psychological problems.
社会支持被发现是一种减压的方法，因为它可以保护处于危机中的人们免受身体和心理问题的伤害。
Unit 2 A
Text A: Words in use
1.deficient
a.不足的，有缺陷的，缺乏的，不足的。
We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave school deficient in literary and reasoning skills.
我们需要提高教育质量，使我们的孩子不会离开缺乏文学和推理技能的学校。
2.prosecution
n. 起诉，指控
In a society governed by the rule of law，every citizen is subject to possible prosecution if he violates the law.
在一个由法治的社会,每个公民都可能受到起诉,如果他违反了法律。
3.outrage
n.义愤，愤慨，震怒
The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to pubic outrage as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices.
普通员工与企业高管之间的薪酬差距，已引发公众的愤怒，因为尽管股价不断下跌，高管们仍能拿到巨额薪酬。
4.appeased
vt. 平息，安抚，抚慰
The delicious meal appeased our hunger and made us feel warm again after having walked in the snow all day.
这顿美餐使我们的饥饿感减轻了，让我们在雪中走了一整天后又感到温暖。
5.conformity
The military insists on conformity in many areas，for example, dress and haircut，with the primary objective of promoting group unity.军方坚持整合在许多领域,例如,服装和发型,促进集团统一的主要目标。
6.strand
n. （线、绳、头发等的）股，缕
My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a strand of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it.
我女儿过去常和这只狗玩耍，把它的一缕头发剪下来，然后花很长时间揉搓、梳理和捻。
7.complement
vt. 与……相配，与……互补
When she left for the party，she took great care to make her necklace and shoes complement her dress.
当她动身去聚会时，她非常认真地去试图把她的项链和鞋子与她的衣服配套起来。
8.transient
a. 短暂的，临时的
It was necessary to provide living places for transient immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings.
有必要为经过这一地区前往更永久住所的临时移民提供居住场所。
appliance
n. 家用电器
9.appliances
They had just moved in，so they needed to buy a number of kitchen appliances, including a microwave oven, a toaster,and a coffee maker.他们刚刚搬进来的,所以他们需要购买一些厨房电器,包括微波炉,烤面包机,咖啡机。
10.outfit
n. （尤指在特殊场合穿的）全套服务
She wanted a beautiful and elegant outfit to attend the wedding of a friend, but couldn’t find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops.
她想要一套漂亮雅致的衣服去参加一个朋友的婚礼，但在附近的商店里找不到满意的东西。
Unit 2 B
Sentence structure
What they were worried about was more than just the cost of the machine itself. It would be expensive to keep it up too.
他们不仅担心购买机器本身的成本，也担心维护起来机器很昂贵。
The island is more than just a place to visit for fun. It is also a center of the shipbuilding industry in this region.
这个岛不仅是一个好玩的地方，也是该地区造船业的中心。
For me and the kids, Mother Earth News is more than just a magazine that introduces various kinds of healthy diets; it is a friend who gives us comfort!
对我和孩子们来说，地球母亲新闻不仅仅是一本介绍各种健康饮食的杂志;也是能给我们安慰的朋友！
Unit 3 A
Text A: Words in use
1.exquisite
a. 精致的，精美的
The curtains changed the atmosphere of the house completely and made it into a place of exquisite beauty.
窗帘完全改变了房子的气氛，使它成为一个优美的地方。
2.disperse
v. （使）分散，驱散
dispersed
As the sun dispersed the clouds,we enjoyed our afternoon of playing cards in the forest under the clear sky and observing the most spectacular view I have ever seen in my life.
当太阳驱散乌云时，我们在晴朗的天空下的森林里打牌，欣赏着我从未见过的最壮观的景色。
3.decentralize
v. （使）（政府、组织等的部门）分散
decentralized
The big company decentralized their operations last year and opened several regional offices in the country to meet the needs of the market.
这家大公司去年分散了业务，并在该国开设了几个地区办事处，以满足市场的需要。
4.deduce
vt. 推论，推断；演绎出
It is not easy to deduce a trend of growth from the available facts since they are quite scarce and not that convincing.
从现有的事实推断增长趋势是不容易的，因为它们非常稀少，也没有那么令人信服。
scarce /skeəs/adj. 缺乏的，不足的；稀有的
5.fixture
n. 设备；固定装置；固定于某处不大可能移动之物
Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens now have become a standard fixture of most modern kitchens.
以前只在大型工业应用中被发现，现在微波炉已经成为大多数现代厨房的标准设备。
6.frugality
n. 俭省，节俭
He calls on the public to save in everyday life and believes that frugality is the key to battling a culture that rewards mindless consumption.
他呼吁公众在日常生活中储蓄，并相信节俭是对抗鼓励盲目消费的文化的关键。
7.administrate
vt. 管理；经营，实施
He is suitable for the position as he is young enough to understand what the teenagers think but old enough to administrate their programs.
他很适合这个职位，因为他足够年轻，能够理解青少年的想法，但足够成熟，能够管理他们的项目。
8.disjointed
adj. 脱节的；杂乱的；脱臼的
When asked about her whereabouts at 9 o’clock that night, she gave a rather disjointed response, which caught the detective’s attention.
当被问及那天晚上9点她在哪里时，她回答得相当不连贯，引起了侦探的注意。
9.revive
vi. 复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神
Reviving the stalled economy and sticking to promises to bring the deficit down next year is proving to be the principal test for the new president.
复苏停滞的经济，并坚持承诺明年将削减赤字，这将成为新总统的主要考验。
stall vi. 停止，停转；拖延
10.elapse
vi. 消逝；时间过去
A considerable period of time has to elapse before the effects of such security measures as closed-circuit television cameras and cell-phone monitoring become evident in reducing crimes.
闭路电视摄像机和手机监控等安全措施在减少犯罪方面的效果还需要相当长一段时间才能显现出来。
Unit 3 B
Sentence structure
If he goes on taking ererything passively like this, he will never be confident enough to say NO to those bad kids who are fond of teasing him.
如果他继续这样被动地接受一切，他将永远不会有足够的信心对那些喜欢戏弄他的坏孩子说不。
tease /tiːz/ vt. 取笑；戏弄；梳理；欺负；强求；使起毛
I know I’m already 80, but with a heart like mine, I will never be old enough to stop laughing at funny words.
我知道我已经80岁了，但是有一颗像我这样的心，我永远不会老到停止对有趣的话发笑的地步。
Although I was never fortunate/lucky enough to meet your grandmother, I’ve enjoyed hearing you tell stories about her and seeing your face light up when talking about her.
虽然我从未有幸见到你的祖母，但我很高兴听到你讲述她的故事，看到你谈起她时面露喜色。
Unit 5 A
Text A: Words in use
1.fabricate
vt. 制造；伪造；装配
Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to fabricate anything to mislead the public.
2.nominal
adj. 名义上的; 微不足道的; 票面上的;
He does not work full time there, but he has been the nominal head of the organization’s scholarship program for five years.
3.temporal
adj. 时间的; 世俗的; 暂存的;
As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important temporal clues — dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars.
当马克在最初的移民之旅中走访这些网站时，他发现了一些重要的时间线索——注明日期的公共汽车票、购物收据和日历。
4.reciprocal
adj. 互惠的；相互的；倒数的，彼此相反的
In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the reciprocal influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers.
在城市规划中，重要的是考虑交通网络和其他设施之间的相互影响，如购物中心和医疗中心。
5.denote
vt. 表示，指示
The label “Smart Choices” on the front of food packages usually denotes products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠） content.
食品包装正面的“明智选择”标签通常表示产品符合低脂肪、低糖和低钠的标准。
criteria /kraɪ’tɪərɪə/ n. 标准，条件
content /kən’tent/ n. 内容，目录；满足；容量
6.consecutive
adj. 连贯的；连续不断的
The public high school graduation rates in New Mexico and Arizona have been increasing for three consecutive years, thanks to an online program that helps students earn missing credits.
新墨西哥州和亚利桑那州的公立高中毕业率已经连续三年上升，这要归功于一个在线项目，该项目帮助学生获得缺失的学分。
7.spectator
n. 观众；旁观者
In the accident at the air show last week, a pilot and 10 spectators were killed when a fighter plane crashed into the crowd.
在上周航空展的事故中，一架战斗机撞向人群，造成一名飞行员和10名观众死亡。
pilot /'paɪlət/ n. 飞行员；领航员
8.muttering
n. 独自怨言，喃喃自语
The mother was not sure where the boys went, but she did hear them muttering something about going out for a movie with friends.
母亲不知道男孩们去了哪里，但她听到他们嘀咕着要和朋友出去看电影。
9.composite
adj. 复合的，合成的；（火车车厢）综合的；（柱式）混合的；菊科的
This newly released portrait of Planet Earth is actually a composite of several pictures taken earlier this month by a new research satellite.
这张最新发布的地球照片实际上是本月早些时候由一颗新的研究卫星拍摄的几张照片的合成。
10.malicious
adj. 恶意的；恶毒的；蓄意的；怀恨的
You shouldn’t feel insulted. We can assure you he meant to be friendly and there was nothing impolite or malicious in his words.
你不应该感到受侮辱。我们可以向你保证，他的本意是友好的，他的话中没有任何不礼貌或恶意。
Unit 5 B
Sentence structure
If we have enough oil in our own country, why import a large amount from somewhere else every year?
如果我们自己的国家有足够的石油，为什么每年要从其他地方进口大量的石油呢?
Since video communication through the Internet is convenient, why a time-consuming and expensive flight trip to attend the conference?
既然通过互联网进行视频通讯很方便，为什么要花费大量的时间和金钱去乘机票参加会议呢?
Why at a crowded bar so far from home? We can just meet at a restaurant close to where we live.
**为什么要在离家这么远的拥挤的酒吧里呢?**我们可以在离我们住处很近的餐馆见面。
Unit 6 A
Text A: Words in use
1.alien
adj. 外国的；相异的，性质不同的；不相容的；陌生的
When I first came to this city, everything was alien to me. It took me a long time to adjust myself to the new environment.
当我第一次来到这座城市时，一切对我来说都是陌生的。我花了很长时间来适应新环境。
2.optic
adj. 光学的；视觉的；眼睛的
Something growing in her brain caused damage to her optic nerve, and doctors thought she would never see again.
她大脑中生长的一些东西对她的视神经造成了损伤，医生认为她再也见不到东西了。
3.symmetrical
adj. 匀称的，对称的
The front side of the house has a symmetrical arrangement of windows and door and two windows on each side.
房子的正面有对称的窗户和门，每一面都有两扇窗户。
4.lubricate /'luːbrɪkeɪt/ vi. 润滑；涂油；起润滑剂作用
He cleaned the old machine and lubricated the moving parts with a little mineral oil, hoping that it could work again.
他清洗了那台旧机器，并用一点矿物油给活动部件上了润滑油，希望它能再次运转。
5.twinkled
v. 闪烁；（眼睛）闪亮，闪闪发光；发亮；轻快移动
We could tell it was a crisp winter night because, overhead, between the shadows of the buildings, a multitude of stars twinkled.
我们可以看出这是一个清爽的冬夜，因为头顶上，在建筑物的阴影之间，闪烁着许多星星。
6.mediator
n. 调停者；传递者；中介物
During his work on child protection, he often acts as a mediator between parents and children, making the parents know what they can do and what they cannot do.
在他的儿童保护工作中，他经常充当父母和孩子之间的调解人，让父母知道他们能做什么和不能做什么。
7.outpost
n. 前哨；警戒部队；边区村落
Due to safety concerns, the commander ordered his troops to leave their outposts in the mountains and return to their bases in the nearby village.
出于安全考虑，指挥官命令他的部队离开山区的前哨，返回附近村庄的基地。
8.traverse
v. 穿过；来回移动；反驳；阻挠；详细研究；旋转
It’s exciting to travel to a foreign place, no matter whether you’re traversing the wilds of Africa or just making a weekend trip to the countryside.
到国外旅行是令人兴奋的，不管你是在穿越非洲的荒野，还是只是周末去乡下旅行。
9.emancipate
vt. 解放；释放
In the 1970s, a number of countries passed laws to protect women’s rights, announcing that they would emancipate women through education and work.
20世纪70年代，一些国家通过了保护妇女权利的法律，宣布将通过教育和工作解放妇女。
10.deductive
adj. 演绎的；推论的；推断的
The basic idea of deductive reasoning is that if something is true of a class of things in general, this truth applies to all members of that class.
演绎推理的基本思想是，如果某件事对某一类事物是真实的，那么这个真理适用于这类事物的所有成员。
Unit 6 B
Sentence structure
Her parents could no more persuade her to study maths than they could persuade her to stop wearing skirts and makeup.
她的父母无法说服她学习数学，就像他们无法说服她停止穿裙子和化妆一样。
I would no more believe any word he said than I would allow myself to be bitten by the same snake twice.
我不会相信他说的任何话，就像我不会让自己被同一条蛇咬两次一样。
He would no more dare speak before a large audience than he would dare jump off the top of a 20-story building.
他不敢在一大群观众面前讲话，就像他不敢从20层楼高的楼顶跳下去一样。