本文讲解Ubuntu16.04下用源码安装OpenCV3.4.0，并实现两种版本的opencv的相互切换，以及编译文件如何写。其实不用安装那么多的依赖，并且也不需要开启那么多功能，根据实际项目去编译吧。
源码下载
[下载OpenCV3.4.0](https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/3.4.0.zip)
[opencv_contrib](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/releases/tag/3.4.0)
官方安装教程：
https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.0/d7/d9f/tutorial_linux_install.html
这是cmake之后的输出，会显示那些编译了，那些没有编译。
-- General configuration for OpenCV 3.4.0 =====================================
-- Version control: unknown
--
-- Platform:
-- Timestamp: 2020-04-18T03:46:26Z
-- Host: Linux 4.15.0-96-generic x86_64
-- CMake: 3.5.1
-- CMake generator: Unix Makefiles
-- CMake build tool: /usr/bin/make
-- Configuration: Release
--
-- CPU/HW features:
-- Baseline: SSE SSE2 SSE3
-- requested: SSE3
-- Dispatched code generation: SSE4_1 SSE4_2 FP16 AVX AVX2
-- requested: SSE4_1 SSE4_2 AVX FP16 AVX2
-- SSE4_1 (3 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1
-- SSE4_2 (1 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2
-- FP16 (2 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 AVX
-- AVX (5 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 AVX
-- AVX2 (9 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 FMA3 AVX AVX2
--
-- C/C++:
-- Built as dynamic libs?: YES
-- C++ Compiler: /usr/bin/c++ (ver 5.4.0)
-- C++ flags (Release): -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG
-- C++ flags (Debug): -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -g -O0 -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
-- C Compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- C flags (Release): -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-narrowing -Wno-comment -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG
-- C flags (Debug): -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-narrowing -Wno-comment -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -g -O0 -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
-- Linker flags (Release):
-- Linker flags (Debug):
-- ccache: YES
-- Precompiled headers: NO
-- Extra dependencies: dl m pthread rt
-- 3rdparty dependencies:
--
-- OpenCV modules:
-- To be built: calib3d core dnn features2d flann highgui imgcodecs imgproc ml objdetect photo python2 python_bindings_generator shape stitching superres ts video videoio videostab viz
-- Disabled: js world
-- Disabled by dependency: -
-- Unavailable: cudaarithm cudabgsegm cudacodec cudafeatures2d cudafilters cudaimgproc cudalegacy cudaobjdetect cudaoptflow cudastereo cudawarping cudev java python3
-- Applications: tests perf_tests apps
-- Documentation: YES (/usr/bin/doxygen 1.8.11)
-- Non-free algorithms: NO
--
-- GUI:
-- GTK+: YES (ver 3.18.9)
-- GThread : YES (ver 2.48.2)
-- GtkGlExt: NO
-- VTK support: YES (ver 6.2.0)
--
-- Media I/O:
-- ZLib: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so (ver 1.2.8)
-- JPEG: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so (ver )
-- WEBP: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwebp.so (ver encoder: 0x0202)
-- PNG: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng.so (ver 1.2.54)
-- TIFF: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtiff.so (ver 42 / 4.0.6)
-- JPEG 2000: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjasper.so (ver 1.900.1)
-- OpenEXR: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libImath.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIlmImf.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIex.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libHalf.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIlmThread.so (ver 2.2.0)
--
-- Video I/O:
-- DC1394: YES (ver 2.2.4)
-- FFMPEG: YES
-- avcodec: YES (ver 56.60.100)
-- avformat: YES (ver 56.40.101)
-- avutil: YES (ver 54.31.100)
-- swscale: YES (ver 3.1.101)
-- avresample: YES (ver 2.1.0)
-- GStreamer:
-- base: YES (ver 1.8.3)
-- video: YES (ver 1.8.3)
-- app: YES (ver 1.8.3)
-- riff: YES (ver 1.8.3)
-- pbutils: YES (ver 1.8.3)
-- libv4l/libv4l2: NO
-- v4l/v4l2: linux/videodev2.h
-- gPhoto2: YES
--
-- Parallel framework: pthreads
--
-- Trace: YES (with Intel ITT)
--
-- Other third-party libraries:
-- Intel IPP: 2017.0.3 [2017.0.3]
-- at: /home/q/packages/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ippicv/ippicv_lnx
-- Intel IPP IW: sources (2017.0.3)
-- at: /home/q/packages/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ippicv/ippiw_lnx
-- Lapack: YES (/usr/lib/liblapack.so /usr/lib/libcblas.so /usr/lib/libatlas.so)
-- Eigen: YES (ver 3.2.10)
-- Custom HAL: NO
--
-- NVIDIA CUDA: NO
--
-- OpenCL: YES (no extra features)
-- Include path: /home/q/packages/opencv-3.4.0/3rdparty/include/opencl/1.2
-- Link libraries: Dynamic load
--
-- Python 2:
-- Interpreter: /usr/bin/python2.7 (ver 2.7.12)
-- Libraries: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so (ver 2.7.12)
-- numpy: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.11.0)
-- packages path: lib/python2.7/dist-packages
--
-- Python (for build): /usr/bin/python2.7
--
-- Java:
-- ant: NO
-- JNI: NO
-- Java wrappers: NO
-- Java tests: NO
--
-- Matlab: NO
--
-- Install to: /usr/local/opencv-3.4.0
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------
安装依赖
#!/bin/bash
set -e
# 构建系统
sudo apt-get install build-essential -y
sudo apt-get install checkinstall -y
sudo apt-get install cmake -y
sudo apt-get install pkg-config -y
sudo apt-get install yasm -y
sudo apt-get install gfortran -y
# 图片库
sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libjasper-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libpng12-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libtiff5-dev -y
# 视频库
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libavformat-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libswscale-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libdc1394-22-dev -y
sudo apt-get install x264 -y
sudo apt-get install v4l-utils -y
# 播放器库
sudo apt-get install libxine2-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev -y
# GUI库
sudo apt-get install qt5-default libgtk2.0-dev -y
# 运算库
sudo apt-get install libtbb-dev libatlas-base-dev -y
# 音频库
sudo apt-get install libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev -y
# 语音识别库
sudo apt-get install libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev -y
# Optional dependencies
# Protobuf
sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler -y
# Google的日志和命令行标识处理库
sudo apt-get install libgoogle-glog-dev libgflags-dev -y
# 用来访问处理各种摄像头的库文件
sudo apt-get install libeigen3-dev libhdf5-dev doxygen -y
sudo apt-get install python-dev -y
sudo apt-get install python-numpy -y
sudo apt-get install -y libopencv-dev
sudo apt-get install -y git
sudo apt-get install -y libdc1394-22
sudo apt-get install -y unzip
sudo apt-get install -y libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libopenblas-dev
sudo apt-get install -y liblapacke-dev
sudo apt-get install python-opencv
sudo apt install -y libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y ccache
sudo sudo apt-get install libavresample-dev libgphoto2-dev
sudo apt install -y libv4l-dev*
exit 0
然后在终端执行：
sudo apt-get update
sudo sh opencv_dependenc.sh
就可以一次性配置好了
编译
上面这张图片是开启安装了很多的东西
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv-3.4.0/ -DINSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON -DINSTALL_C_ESAMPLES=ON -DWITH_TBB=ON -DWITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON WITH_OPENGL=ON -DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/q/packages/opencv_contrib-3.4.0/modules/ -DWITH_VTK=ON -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
如果有些东西下载不了，手动下载
– IPPICV: Download: ippicv_2017u3_lnx_intel64_general_20170822.tgz
https://github.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/tree/ippicv/master_20170822/ippicv
默认下载路径
opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ippicv/4e0352ce96473837b1d671ce87f17359-ippicv_2017u3_lnx_intel64_general_20170822.tgz
xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_bgm.i
q@omen:~/packages/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/xfeatures2d/boostdesc
q@omen:~/packages/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/xfeatures2d/vgg
放在这个路径下面
如果多个版本就指定另一个安装路径，默认情况：cmake和make编译OpenCV源码，指明编译生成的所有lib文件都会被安装到/usr/local目录，但是为了便于管理我们多创建一层目录名字就是“opencv-3.4.0”后面编译生成的东西都会放在这个路径下面，便于查找和管理。就是 CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv-3.4.0
CMakeLists.txt
存在多版本OpenCV时，需要找到所需版本对应的OpenCVConfig.cmake文件，并将其路径添加到工程的CMakeLists.txt中。
示例如下：
set(OpenCV_DIR "CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX")
OpenCV_DIR 就是你刚才给CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指定的安装地址
FIND_PACKAGE( OpenCV 2.4 REQUIRED )
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES( ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS} )
查看opencv版本
pkg-config –modversion opencv
pkg-config –cflags opencv
pkg-config –libs opencv
系统安装两个版本的opencv 在使用的时候，在CMakeLists.txt文件中指定就好
唯一的区别就是路径。
默认路径：/usr/local/
指定路径：/usr/local/opencv-3.4.0
默认这么写
FIND_PACKAGE( OpenCV 3.4.0 REQUIRED )
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES( ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS} )
FIND_PACKAGE找默认路径下的OpenCV
指定这样写
set( OpenCV_DIR /usr/local/opencv-3.4.0)
find_package(OpenCV 3.4.0)
if(NOT OpenCV_FOUND)
find_package(OpenCV 2.4.9)
if(NOT OpenCV_FOUND)
message(FATAL_ERROR "OpenCV > 2.4.9 not found.")
endif()
endif()
include_directories(${OPENCV_INCLUDE_DIR})
MESSAGE("OPENCV_INCLUDE_DIR " ${OPENCV_INCLUDE_DIR})
target_link_libraries(vo_simulate ${OpenCV_LIBS})