学习随笔创建Scrapy项目

scrapy startproject todayMoive                # 创建一个名为todayMoive新项目
cd todayMoive                                 # 切换目录
scrapy genspider MoiveSpider jycinema.com     # 爬虫脚本的搜索域为jycinema.com

这些文件分别是：

scrapy.cfg:项目的配置文件
todayMoive:该项目的python模块。之后您将在此加入代码。
todayMoive/items.py:项目中的item文件。
todayMoive/pipelines.py:项目中的pipelines文件。
todayMoive/spiders/:放置spider代码的目录。
todayMoive/middlewares.py:项目中的自定义中间件文件。

scrapy.cfg整个项目的配置文件

# Automatically created by: scrapy startproject
#
# For more information about the [deploy] section see:
# https://scrapyd.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deploy.html

[settings]  # 定义默认设置文件的位置为todayMoive模块下的settings文件
default = todayMoive.settings

[deploy]    # 定义项目名称为todayMoive
#url = http://localhost:6800/
project = todayMoive

todayMoive/settings.py是上层目录中scrapy.cfg定义的设置文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for todayMoive project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'todayMoive'   # 此Scrapy项目实施的bot的名称（也称为项目名称）。这将用于默认情况下构造User-Agent，也用于日志记录。

SPIDER_MODULES = ['todayMoive.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'todayMoive.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'todayMoive (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'todayMoive.middlewares.TodaymoiveSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'todayMoive.middlewares.TodaymoiveDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
#    'todayMoive.pipelines.TodaymoivePipeline': 300,
#}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

todayMoive/items.py文件的作用是定义爬虫最终需要哪些项

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class TodaymoiveItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pass

todayMoive/pipelines.py文件的作用是爬虫爬取网页中的内容后，这些内容怎么处理

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


class TodaymoivePipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item

创建Scrapy项目抓取静态网页内容。。。（本来想抓取活动列表，但发现网页内基本都是动态显示）

todayMoive/items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class TodaymoiveItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    activityName = scrapy.Field()

todayMoive/pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import time

class TodaymoivePipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime())
        fileName = now + '.txt'
        with open(fileName, 'a') as fp:
            fp.write(item['activityName'][0] + '\n\n')
        return item

todayMoive/settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for todayMoive project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'todayMoive'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['todayMoive.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'todayMoive.spiders'
ITEM_PIPELINES = {'todayMoive.pipelines.TodaymoivePipeline':300}

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'todayMoive (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

todayMoive/spider/MoiveSpider.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from todayMoive.items import TodaymoiveItem

class MoivespiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'MoiveSpider'
    allowed_domains = ['jycinema.com']
    start_urls = ['http://www.jycinema.com/html/default/schedule.html?cinemaId=451']

    def parse(self, response):
        subSelector = response.xpath('//span[@class="f16"]')

        items = []
        for sub in subSelector:
            print(sub)
            item = TodaymoiveItem()
            item['activityName'] = sub.xpath('text()').extract()
            print(item)
            items.append(item)
        return items

抓取结果如下图：

BUG1：UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xae in position 185: illegal multibyte sequence

错误是因为配置文件scrapy.cfg文件中存在中文备注，而框架内部程序对配置文件采取cp936编码

BUG2:ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32api'

Python是没有自带访问windows系统API的库，需要安装pip install pypiwin32

todayMoive/settings.py

学习随笔 创建Scrapy项目

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