终极装备——安全协议

HTTPS=HTTP+SSL/TLS，位于应用层。SSL/TLS协议本身是带加密信息的传输层协议，数字证书正是为这种协议提供相关加密/解密信息。

SSL/TLS协议涉及多种加密算法，包括：
消息摘要算法：MD5和SHA1
对称加密算法：RC2、RC4、IDEA、DES、Triple DES和AES
非对称加密算法：RSA和DH
数字签名算法：RSA和DSA

模型分析

1、协商算法

服务端和客户端进行握手协议的第一阶段主要是协商算法，此时，产生随机数RNC、RNS

对等协商加密算法

2、验证证书

客户证书认证不一定必要，服务端身份得以认证，可以进行服务端单向认证为基础的交互。

客户端验证服务器证书

如果客户证书也得以确认，那么可以进行双向认证为基础的加密交互（eg：电子商务）。

服务器端验证客户端证书

3、产生密钥

根据随机数PMS、RNC、RNS，构建主密钥MS

构建主密钥MS

根据主密钥构建会话密钥，完成握手协议

4、加密交互

进入正式会话阶段，服务端和客户端使用会话密钥进行加密交互

加密交互

单向认证服务

1、证书导入

导入证书

2、服务器配置

修改tomcat的conf/server.xml文件，并打开SSL/TLS的注释，并配置密钥库文件keystoreFile，和密钥库密码keysotrePass，密钥库类型参数keystoreType(默认JKS)

<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"
               keystoreFile="D:\MyData\majx2\crazyxing.keystore.old"
               keysotrePass="123456" />

备注：如果构建双向认证，clientAuth需设置为true

使用https访问

3、代码验证
通过一个自己实现的客户端访问上述服务。

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;

public abstract class HTTPSCoder {

    /**
     * 协议
     */
    public static final String PROTOCOL = "TLS";

    /**
     * 获得KeyStore
     * 
     * @param keyStorePath
     *            密钥库路径
     * @param password
     *            密码
     * @return KeyStore 密钥库
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password)
            throws Exception {

        // 实例化密钥库
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());

        // 获得密钥库文件流
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath);

        // 加载密钥库
        ks.load(is, password.toCharArray());

        // 关闭密钥库文件流
        is.close();

        return ks;
    }

    /**
     * 获得SSLSocektFactory
     * 
     * @param password
     *            密码
     * @param keyStorePath
     *            密钥库路径
     * @param trustStorePath
     *            信任库路径
     * @return SSLSocketFactory
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static SSLSocketFactory getSSLSocketFactory(String password,
            String keyStorePath, String trustStorePath) throws Exception {

        // 实例化密钥库
        KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory
                .getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());

        // 获得密钥库
        KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);

        // 初始化密钥工厂
        keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password.toCharArray());

        // 实例化信任库
        TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory
                .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());

        // 获得信任库
        KeyStore trustStore = getKeyStore(trustStorePath, password);

        // 初始化信任库
        trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);

        // 实例化SSL上下文
        SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(PROTOCOL);

        // 初始化SSL上下文
        ctx.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), trustManagerFactory
                .getTrustManagers(), new SecureRandom());

        // 获得SSLSocketFactory
        return ctx.getSocketFactory();

    }

    /**
     * 为HttpsURLConnection配置SSLSocketFactory
     * 
     * @param conn
     *            HttpsURLConnection
     * @param password
     *            密码
     * @param keyStorePath
     *            密钥库路径
     * @param trustKeyStorePath
     *            信任库路径
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void configSSLSocketFactory(HttpsURLConnection conn,
            String password, String keyStorePath, String trustKeyStorePath)
            throws Exception {

        // 获得SSLSocketFactory
        SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = getSSLSocketFactory(password,
                keyStorePath, trustKeyStorePath);

        // 设置SSLSocketFactory
        conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory);
    }
}

相应的单元测试

import org.junit.Test;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

public class HTTPSCoderTest {

    /**
     * 密钥库/信任库密码
     */
    private String password = "123456";

    /**
     * 密钥库文件路径
     */
    private String keyStorePath = "D:/MyData/majx2/crazyxing.keystore.old";

    /**
     * 信任库文件路径
     */
    private String trustStorePath = "D:/MyData/majx2/crazyxing.keystore.old";

    /**
     * 访问地址
     */
    private String httpsUrl = "https://www.crazyxing.com:8443/ssl/";

    /**
     * HTTPS验证
     * 
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {

        // 建立HTTPS链接
        URL url = new URL(httpsUrl);
        HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

        // 打开输入输出流
        conn.setDoInput(true);
//      conn.setDoOutput(true);

        // 为HttpsURLConnection配置SSLSocketFactory
        HTTPSCoder.configSSLSocketFactory(conn, password, keyStorePath,
                trustStorePath);

        // 鉴别内容长度
        int length = conn.getContentLength();

        byte[] data = null;

        // 如果内容长度为-1，则放弃解析
        if (length != -1) {

            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(conn.getInputStream());

            data = new byte[length];

            dis.readFully(data);

            dis.close();

            System.err.println(new String(data));
        }

        conn.disconnect();

        // 验证
        assertNotNull(data);

    }

}

双向认证服务

1、导入证书

导入客户端证书到个人TAB

导入客户端证书

导入CA证书到财新人的根证书颁发机构

导入CA证书

2、服务器配置

修改tomcat的conf/server.xml文件，并打开SSL/TLS的注释，并配置密钥库文件keystoreFile、truststoreFile，和密钥库密码keysotrePass、truststorePass，密钥库类型参数keystoreType、truststoreType，clientAuth设置为true

<Connector 
        port="8443" 
        protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
        maxThreads="150" 
        SSLEnabled="true" 
        scheme="https" 
        secure="true"
        clientAuth="true" 
        sslProtocol="TLS"
        keystoreFile="D:\MyData\majx2\demoCA\certs\server.p12"
        keystorePass="123456" 
        keystoreType="PKCS12"
        truststoreFile="D:\MyData\majx2\demoCA\certs\ca.p12"
        truststorePass="123456"
        truststoreType="PKCS12" />

3、代码验证
通过一个自己实现的客户端访问上述服务。

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;

public abstract class HTTPSCoder {

    /**
     * 协议
     */
    public static final String PROTOCOL = "TLS";

    /**
     * 获得KeyStore
     * 
     * @param keyStorePath
     *            密钥库路径
     * @param password
     *            密码
     * @return KeyStore 密钥库
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password)
            throws Exception {

        // 实例化密钥库
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
        // KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());

        // 获得密钥库文件流
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath);

        // 加载密钥库
        ks.load(is, password.toCharArray());

        // 关闭密钥库文件流
        is.close();

        return ks;
    }

    /**
     * 获得SSLSocektFactory
     * 
     * @param password
     *            密码
     * @param keyStorePath
     *            密钥库路径
     * @param trustStorePath
     *            信任库路径
     * @return SSLSocketFactory
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static SSLSocketFactory getSSLSocketFactory(String password,
            String keyStorePath, String trustStorePath) throws Exception {

        // 实例化密钥库
        KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory
                .getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());

        // 获得密钥库
        KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);

        // 初始化密钥工厂
        keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password.toCharArray());

        // 实例化信任库
        TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory
                .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());

        // 获得信任库
        KeyStore trustStore = getKeyStore(trustStorePath, password);

        // 初始化信任库
        trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);

        // 实例化SSL上下文
        SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(PROTOCOL);

        // 初始化SSL上下文
        ctx.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), trustManagerFactory
                .getTrustManagers(), new SecureRandom());

        // 获得SSLSocketFactory
        return ctx.getSocketFactory();

    }

    /**
     * 为HttpsURLConnection配置SSLSocketFactory
     * 
     * @param conn
     *            HttpsURLConnection
     * @param password
     *            密码
     * @param keyStorePath
     *            密钥库路径
     * @param trustKeyStorePath
     *            信任库路径
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void configSSLSocketFactory(HttpsURLConnection conn,
            String password, String keyStorePath, String trustKeyStorePath)
            throws Exception {

        // 获得SSLSocketFactory
        SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = getSSLSocketFactory(password,
                keyStorePath, trustKeyStorePath);

        // 设置SSLSocketFactory
        conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory);
    }
}

相应的单元测试

import org.junit.Test;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

public class HTTPSCoderTest {

    /**
     * 密钥库/信任库密码
     */
    private String password = "123456";

    /**
     * 密钥库文件路径
     */
    private String keyStorePath = "D:\\MyData\\majx2\\demoCA\\certs\\server.p12";

    /**
     * 信任库文件路径
     */
    private String trustStorePath = "D:\\MyData\\majx2\\demoCA\\certs\\ca.p12";

    /**
     * 访问地址
     */
    private String httpsUrl = "https://www.crazyxing.com:8443/ssl/";

    /**
     * HTTPS验证
     * 
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {

        // 建立HTTPS链接
        URL url = new URL(httpsUrl);
        HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        // conn.setRequestMethod(method);

        // 打开输入输出流
        conn.setDoInput(true);
        // conn.setDoOutput(true);

        // 为HttpsURLConnection配置SSLSocketFactory
        HTTPSCoder.configSSLSocketFactory(conn, password, keyStorePath,
                trustStorePath);

        // 鉴别内容长度
        int length = conn.getContentLength();

        byte[] data = null;

        // 如果内容长度为-1，则放弃解析
        if (length != -1) {

            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(conn.getInputStream());

            data = new byte[length];

            dis.readFully(data);

            dis.close();

            System.err.println(new String(data));
        }

        conn.disconnect();

        // 验证
        assertNotNull(data);
    }
}

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