spark.locality.wait |
3s | How long to wait to launch a data-local task before giving up and launching it on a less-local node. The same wait will be used to step through multiple locality levels (process-local, node-local, rack-local and then any). It is also possible to customize the waiting time for each level by setting spark.locality.wait.node, etc. You should increase this setting if your tasks are long and see poor locality, but the default usually works well. |
spark.locality.wait.node |
spark.locality.wait | Customize the locality wait for node locality. For example, you can set this to 0 to skip node locality and search immediately for rack locality (if your cluster has rack information). |
spark.locality.wait.process |
spark.locality.wait | Customize the locality wait for process locality. This affects tasks that attempt to access cached data in a particular executor process. |
spark.locality.wait.rack |
spark.locality.wait | Customize the locality wait for rack locality. |
Data locality can have a major impact on the performance of Spark jobs. If data and the code that operates on it are together then computation tends to be fast. But if code and data are separated, one must move to the other. Typically it is faster to ship serialized code from place to place than a chunk of data because code size is much smaller than data. Spark builds its scheduling around this general principle of data locality.
Data locality is how close data is to the code processing it. There are several levels of locality based on the data’s current location. In order from closest to farthest:
PROCESS_LOCAL data is in the same JVM as the running code. This is the best locality possible
NODE_LOCAL data is on the same node. Examples might be in HDFS on the same node, or in another executor on the same node. This is a little slower than PROCESS_LOCAL because the data has to travel between processes
NO_PREF data is accessed equally quickly from anywhere and has no locality preference
RACK_LOCAL data is on the same rack of servers. Data is on a different server on the same rack so needs to be sent over the network, typically through a single switch
ANY data is elsewhere on the network and not in the same rack
Spark prefers to schedule all tasks at the best locality level, but this is not always possible. In situations where there is no unprocessed data on any idle executor, Spark switches to lower locality levels. There are two options: a) wait until a busy CPU frees up to start a task on data on the same server, or b) immediately start a new task in a farther away place that requires moving data there.
What Spark typically does is wait a bit in the hopes that a busy CPU frees up. Once that timeout expires, it starts moving the data from far away to the free CPU. The wait timeout for fallback between each level can be configured individually or all together in one parameter; see the spark.locality parameters on the configuration page for details. You should increase these settings if your tasks are long and see poor locality, but the default usually works well.调节数据本地化等待时长
Spark在Driver上，对Application的每一个stage的task，进行分配之前，都会计算出每个task要计算的是哪个分片数据，RDD的某个partition；Spark的task分配算法，优先，会希望每个task正好分配到它要计算的数据所在的节点，这样的话，就不用在网络间传输数据；
但是呢，通常来说，有时，事与愿违，可能task没有机会分配到它的数据所在的节点，为什么呢，可能那个节点的计算资源和计算能力都满了；所以呢，这种时候，通常来说，Spark会等待一段时间，默认情况下是3s钟（不是绝对的，还有很多种情况，对不同的本地化级别，都会去等待），到最后，实在是等待不了了，就会选择一个比较差的本地化级别，比如说，将task分配到靠它要计算的数据所在节点，比较近的一个节点，然后进行计算。
但是对于第二种情况，通常来说，肯定是要发生数据传输，task会通过其所在节点的BlockManager来获取数据，BlockManager发现自己本地没有数据，会通过一个getRemote()方法，通过TransferService（网络数据传输组件）从数据所在节点的BlockManager中，获取数据，通过网络传输回task所在节点。
对于我们来说，当然不希望是类似于第二种情况的了。最好的，当然是task和数据在一个节点上，直接从本地executor的BlockManager中获取数据，纯内存，或者带一点磁盘IO；如果要通过网络传输数据的话，那么实在是，性能肯定会下降的，大量网络传输，以及磁盘IO，都是性能的杀手。
我们什么时候要调节这个参数？
观察日志，spark作业的运行日志，推荐大家在测试的时候，先用client模式，在本地就直接可以看到比较全的日志。
日志里面会显示，starting task。。。，PROCESS LOCAL、NODE LOCAL
观察大部分task的数据本地化级别
如果大多都是PROCESS_LOCAL，那就不用调节了
如果是发现，好多的级别都是NODE_LOCAL、ANY，那么最好就去调节一下数据本地化的等待时长
调节完，应该是要反复调节，每次调节完以后，再来运行，观察日志
看看大部分的task的本地化级别有没有提升；看看，整个spark作业的运行时间有没有缩短
你别本末倒置，本地化级别倒是提升了，但是因为大量的等待时长，spark作业的运行时间反而增加了，那就还是不要调节了
怎么调节？
spark.locality.wait，默认是3s；6s，10s
默认情况下，下面3个的等待时长，都是跟上面那个是一样的，都是3s
spark.locality.wait.process
spark.locality.wait.node
spark.locality.wait.rack
new SparkConf()
.set("spark.locality.wait", "10")
