1 ATA寄存器
1.1 PCI IDE
Primary IDE controller: 1F0h to 1F7h and 3F6h to 3F7h
Secondary IDE controller: 170h to 177h and 376h to 377h
BAR0: Base address of primary channel (I/O space), if it is 0x0 or 0x1, the port is 0x1F0.
BAR1: Base address of primary channel control port (I/O space), if it is 0x0 or 0x1, the port is 0x3F6.
BAR2: Base address of secondary channel (I/O space), if it is 0x0 or 0x1, the port is 0x170.
BAR3: Base address of secondary channel control port, if it is 0x0 or 0x1, the port is 0x376.
BAR4: Bus Master IDE; refers to the base of I/O range consisting of 16 ports. Each 8 ports controls DMA on the primary and secondary channel respectively.
BAR5：SATA AHCI Base Address
SATA AHCI模式使用的BAR5和IDE模式使用的BAR0-BAR4是互斥的，只能二选一。
Figure 1-1 PCI Header
1.2 寄存器描述
1F0 (Read and Write): Data Register
1F1 (Read): Error Register
1F1 (Write): Features Register
1F2 (Read and Write): Sector Count Register
1F3 (Read and Write): LBA Low Register
1F4 (Read and Write): LBA Mid Register
1F5 (Read and Write): LBA High Register
1F6 (Read and Write): Drive/Head Register
1F7 (Read): Status Register
1F7 (Write): Command Register
3F6 (Read): Alternate Status Register
3F6 (Write): Device Control Register
1.3 ATA模式识别
读取4个寄存器的值（"Sector Count" and "LBA Low,Mid,High" registers）
ATA：0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00
ATAPI：0x01, 0x01, 0x14, 0xEB
2 ATAPI SFF-8070i
1）选择master或者slave磁盘（一个PCI IDE控制器最多支持4个port，一个PCI SATA控制器最多支持32个port），写入寄存器Drive/Head（1F6）
2）写PIO或者DMA模式到feature寄存器（1F1）
3）写扇区尺寸到LBA Mid和High寄存器（1F4和1F5）
4）IDE偏移07的命令寄存器（1F7）写入0xA0（ATA_CMD_PACKET）
5）写12字节的SCSI包到数据寄存器（1F0），等待IDE中断
6）从LBA Mid和High读取本次传输的字节
7）从数据寄存器（1F0）读，或者往数据寄存器（1F0）写数据，等待中断
3 USB To ATA/ATAPI Bridge
SFF-8070i/ATAPI BOT：0x08/0x05/0x50
4 机械硬盘主控
4.1 AVAGO TTTNS44310
4.2 LSI B5502D0
4.3 马达芯片
STM SMOOTH L7232
5 URLs
AT89C51SND1C
https://m.book118.com/html/2018/0523/168173987.shtm?from=mip
ATAPI
https://wiki.osdev.org/ATAPI
PCI IDE Controller
https://wiki.osdev.org/PCI_IDE_Controller
6 Abbreviations
MMC-2：SCSI Multimedia Commands-2
SFF-8020i：Small Form Factor Committee，小型化委员会
