MSSQL 查看表结构

方法一：

SELECT CASE
         WHEN col.colorder = 1 THEN
          obj.name
         ELSE
          ''
       END AS 表名,
       col.colorder AS 序号,
       col.name AS 列名,
       t.name AS 数据类型,
       col.length AS 长度,
       ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小数位数,
       CASE
         WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN
          '√'
         ELSE
          ''
       END AS 标识,
       CASE
         WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1
                 FROM dbo.sysindexes si
                INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik
                   ON si.id = sik.id
                  AND si.indid = sik.indid
                INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc
                   ON sc.id = sik.id
                  AND sc.colid = sik.colid
                INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so
                   ON so.name = si.name
                  AND so.xtype = 'PK'
                WHERE sc.id = col.id
                  AND sc.colid = col.colid) THEN
          '√'
         ELSE
          ''
       END AS 主键, --'' 外健,
       CASE
         WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN
          '√'
         ELSE
          ''
       END AS 允许空,
       ISNULL(comm.text, '') AS 默认值,
       ISNULL(ep. [value], '') AS 说明
  FROM dbo.syscolumns col
  LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes t
    ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
 inner JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj
    ON col.id = obj.id
   AND obj.xtype = 'U'
   AND obj.status >= 0
  LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments comm
    ON col.cdefault = comm.id
  LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties ep
    ON col.id = ep.major_id
   AND col.colid = ep.minor_id
   AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
  LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo
    ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id
   AND epTwo.minor_id = 0
   AND epTwo.name = 'MS_Description'
 WHERE obj.name = 'sgcc_uidinfo' --你要查的表名  
 ORDER BY col.colorder;

 方法二：（查询所有表或单表结构）

SELECT
     表名       = Case When A.colorder=1 Then D.name Else '' End,
     表说明     = Case When A.colorder=1 Then isnull(F.value,'') Else '' End,
     字段序号   = A.colorder,
     字段名     = A.name,
     字段说明   = isnull(G.[value],''),
     标识       = Case When COLUMNPROPERTY( A.id,A.name,'IsIdentity')=1 Then '√'Else '' End,
     主键       = Case When exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects Where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=A.id and name in (
                      SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = A.id AND colid=A.colid))) then '√' else '' end,
     类型       = B.name,
     占用字节数 = A.Length,
     长度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(A.id,A.name,'PRECISION'),
     小数位数   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(A.id,A.name,'Scale'),0),
     允许空     = Case When A.isnullable=1 Then '√'Else '' End,
     默认值     = isnull(E.Text,'')
 FROM
     syscolumns A
 Left Join
     systypes B
 On
     A.xusertype=B.xusertype
 Inner Join
     sysobjects D
 On
     A.id=D.id  and D.xtype='U' and  D.name<>'dtproperties'
 Left Join
     syscomments E
 on
     A.cdefault=E.id
 Left Join
 sys.extended_properties  G
 on
     A.id=G.major_id and A.colid=G.minor_id
 Left Join

 sys.extended_properties F
 On
     D.id=F.major_id and F.minor_id=0
     --where d.name='OrderInfo'    --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
 Order By
     A.id,A.colorder