linux萌新在redhat下配置yum

       首先说明,本文是我在网络上参考他人配置yum的过程后自己配置成功的一点分享,如发现有所雷同,雷同就对了,和别人有较大区别就有问题了。

       我使用的系统是Redhat6.3.由于Redhat的yum被发行方认为是售后服务,需要收费,所以在此配置成centos6的yum。

   一.卸载redhat内的yum

   # rpm-aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps   --删除yum

   # cd /etc/yum.repos.d/   --进入yum的配置文件夹

   # rm -rf  rhel-source.repo  rhel-source.repo.bak   删除文件夹内的redhat相关文件

 二. 下载centos软件包

    最重要的首先是查看自己redhat的系统是32位还是64位(笔者在此吃了大亏,操作了许多遍都不成功才发现自己是32位系统,而网上大多数博主分享的都是64位系统文件)

     # arch  --查看系统架构
   i686 (出现i686)

   I686说明是32位操作系统,163的下载网址中选择i386目录

   x86 (32位)地址:http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/

   x86_64 (64位)地址:http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/

   然后再去下载centos软件包

wget (后根据系统架构选择目录,如笔者是32位系统)

#wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm

#wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm 

#wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686.rpm

#wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm

#wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-40.el6.noarch.rpm

(以上5个软件包均是笔者用到的,由于网上博主们分享的包更新后不存在了,笔者于2018/5/8在http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/ 网站中找到当前的最新版本使用,如若发现某些包已经不存在,即出现error:404 not found类似字样,请到网站中寻找最新包下载)

三.安装软件包

#rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm

#rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm --replacefiles
(此处--replacefiles作一注解,此包下载是由于后面3个包需要此包版本达到3.9.1-10以上,而笔者系统已装的版本较旧,在安装后续包时弹出错误,故特下此包,但是安装此包时,又提示此包与已有包冲突,故加--replacefiles进行强制版本更替)
#rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686.rpm

#rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-40.el6.noarch.rpm

(此处为两个包同时安装,由于这两个包之间有依赖关系,故必须进行同时安装)

四.更改yum源

#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ --进入yum文件夹

#wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo 下载配置文件

然后将此配置文件替换/etc/yum.repos.d同名文件

#sed -i "s;\$releasever;6;g" CentOS6-Base-163.repo

把$releasever替换成现有系统的版本号(6)(该命令是网上查询而来,有些人有用,有些人无用,笔者就没成功)

#vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo  #编辑文件

把文件里面的$releasever全部替换为版本号,即6 最后保存!

成品文档(请对照参考)

# CentOS-Base.repo

#

# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the

# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and

# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates

# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

#

# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the

# remarked out baseurl= line instead.

#

#

[base]

name=CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=os

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates

[updates]

name=CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/extras/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-6 - Plus - 163.com

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/centosplus/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#contrib - packages by Centos Users

[contrib]

name=CentOS-6 - Contrib - 163.com

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/contrib/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

五.检测yum

执行yum repolist,如果显示出repo仓库列表,并显示软件包数量则OK。

(或者使用yum makecache)

使用yum安装软件包测试。

#yum -y install lrzsz

安装成功则yum可用。



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