[Linux]Redhat7配置CentOS7 YUM源

一、简介

安装Redhat7并配置了网卡之后，虽然可以直接ping www.baidu.com,但是执行yum install的命令时提示如下信息：

[root@ansible ~]# yum install -y vim
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
There are no enabled repos.
 Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have.
 To enable Red Hat Subscription Management repositories:
     subscription-manager repos --enable <repo>
 To enable custom repositories:
     yum-config-manager --enable <repo>

原因在于redhat 的更新包只对注册的用户生效，所以需要自己手动更改成CentOS 的更新包，CentOS几乎和redhat是一样的，所以无需担心软件包是否可安装，安装之后是否有问题，另外CentOS公司去年已经被Redhat 收购了，下面是安装步骤

二、配置Redhat7的YUM源

配置Redhat7的YUM源一般有2种方法：1-本地CD源 2-CentOS7源。第一种方式是挂载Redhat7的DVD镜像作为源，所有的安装都是在镜像文件中安装，这种方式比较简单，但是不方便。第二种是使用CentOS7的YUM源。下面讲的就是第二种方式：

1、首先查看redhat 7.0系统本身所安装的那些yum 软件包：

[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch
PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64
yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch

2、 删除redhat自带的yum包

卸载上面显示的所有yum包：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum
[root@localhost ~]# 

3、保证本机电脑能上网

[root@linuxprobe ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=31.8 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=31.9 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=32.0 ms

4、选择网络源

网易163网络源地址：http://mirrors.163.com/
CentOS网络源地址：http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/

5、选择163源（最重要一步）

下载安装包rpm的地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/

注意下面的链接可能会失效，打开上面WEB按照实际的版本下载这5个包即可。

[root@ansible ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@ansible ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@ansible ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@ansible ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@ansible ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

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6、查看下载完成结果

[root@ansible ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg Templates yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm.1
Desktop Music Videos yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
Documents Pictures yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
Downloads Public yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

7、安装软件包：

[root@ansible ~]# rpm -ivh yum-*
warning: yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
warning: package yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 was already added, skipping yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 20%]
2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-4################################# [ 40%]
3:yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos ################################# [ 60%]
4:yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-45.el7 ################################# [ 80%]
5:yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7 ################################# [100%]

8、新建repo 配置文件,直接复制即可

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

#CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

9、至此YUM 网络源已经安装完成

[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum clean all

10、测试安装是否正常

[root@ansible ~]# yum -y install vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check