前面的几篇博客,意在讲解Spring、SpringMVC以及Mybatis框架,单个框架的使用及原理。本文分享的是从零到有搭建ssm一个web开发项目,写文本文章意在让大家了解一个web开发框架搭建过程,从中了解每一步的含义,与此同时对比后面我将会分享出来的使用SpringBoot搭建一个web开发工程,是多么的简便,但是如果你不了解ssm框架,那么你就不会深入的理解SpringBoot是怎么做到的如此简便的搭建出一个web开发工程。所以我们还是要从根源学起,知期然,并且知其所以然。SpringBoot搭建完web开发工程后并介绍其里面的原理后,会给大家再分享如何使用SpringBoot+Bootstrap写一个接口测试平台,在我之前的博客中已经写了一部分,后期会详细再写每一步,大家感兴趣可以关注我的博客或者公众号或者进入我的知识星球。此代码会上传到github上如果需要大家可以clone。整合原理,核心是web.xml文件 首先要配置监听,这个主要是启动tomcat时,同时启动spring这个容器,加载spring里面的配置,其次是配置springMVC的核心前端控制器。Mybatis的整合是把配置放到spring配置里,这样spring容器启动时候后,也把Mybatis里的配置加载到spring容器里了。
本项目代码已打包,可点击下载 ssm整合后代码
一、首先创建一个maven工程,然后倒入坐标建立依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.jd.ssm</groupId>
<artifactId>ssm</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<shiro.version>1.2.3</shiro.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
<mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>ssm</finalName>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
1、 编写实体类
@Data
public class Account {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Double money;
}
2、编写业务层接口
public interface AccountService {
/**
* 保存账户
*/
public void saveAccount(Account account);
/**
* 查询账户
*/
public List<Account> findAccount();
}
3、编写持久层接口
public interface AccountMapper {
public void saveAccount(Account account);
public List<Account> findAccount();
}
4、保证Spring框架在web工程中独立运行
第一步:编写spring配置文件并导入约束
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--配置spring容器启动时 要扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.jd">
<!--制定扫包规则,不扫描@Controller注解的JAVA类,其他的类要扫描-->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
第二步:使用注解配置业务层和持久层,实现业务层接口类,实现持久层接口类
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Autowired
AccountMapperImpl accountMapperImpl;
@Override
public void saveAccount(Account account){
accountMapperImpl.saveAccount(account);
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAccount(){
accountMapperImpl.findAccount();
return null;
}
}
@Repository
public class AccountMapperImpl implements AccountMapper {
@Override
public void saveAccount(Account account){
System.out.println("保存了账户");
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAccount(){
System.out.println("查询账户");
return null;
}
}
第三步:测试spring能否独立运行
在applicationContext.xml文件中,添加一个bean, 把这个AccountServiceImpl这个类注入到spring容器里
<bean id="accountServiceImpl" class="com.jd.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"/>
public class TestSpring {
@Test
public void test1(){
// 加载配置文件
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
// 获取对象
AccountService as = (AccountService) applicationContext.getBean("accountServiceImpl");
//调用方法
as.findAccount();
}
}
5、保证SpringMVC在web工程中独立运行
第一步:在web.xml中配置核心控制器(DispatcherServlet)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<!--配置springMVC的核心控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVCDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--配置初始化参数,用于读取springmvc的配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--配置servlet的对象的创建时间点,应用加载时创建,取值只能是非0正整数,表示启动顺序-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVCDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置springMVC编码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!--设置过滤器中的属性值-->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动过滤器-->
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<!--过滤所有请求-->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
第二步:编写SpringMVC的配置文件,主要配置视图解析器,自动加载 配置处理器映射器和处理器适配器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置创建spring容器要扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.jd">
<!--指定扫包规则,只扫描使用@Controller注解的JAVA类-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!--自动加载RequestMappingHandlerMapping(处理映射器)和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(处理适配器),替代注解处理和适配器-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
第三步:编写Controller和jsp页面
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AcconutController {
@RequestMapping("/findAccount")
public ModelAndView findAccount(){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.setViewName("success");
System.out.println("执行了查询账户");
return mv;
}
}
创建一个index.jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html";charset="UTF-8">
<title>主页</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="account/findAccount">查询账户</a>
</body>
</html>
创建一个success.jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>成功页</h3>
</body>
</html>
运行结果
6、整合Spring和SpringMVC
原理
在web.xml文件中 配置监听器,配置spring提供的监听器,用于启动服务时加载容器 。 该间监听器只能加载WEB-INF目录中名称为applicationContext.xml的配置文件
<!--配置spring提供的监听器,用于启动时加载容器。
该监听器,只能加载WEB-INF目录下的 applicationContext.xml文件-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--手动指定spring配置文件-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
然后再Controller层里 注入service类,然后直接调用service里的方法
7、保证Mybatis框架在web工程中可以独立运行
在resources目录下创建SqlMapConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--配置环境-->
<environments default="mysql">
<environment id="mysql">
<!--使用JDBC的事务处理 -->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<!--数据库连接池 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///ssm?characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--引入映射配置文件-->
<mappers>
<!--<package name="com.jd.dao"/>-->
<!--<mapper class="com.jd.dao.AccountMapper"/>-->
<mapper resource="mapper/AccountMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
public class TestMybatis {
/**
* 测试查询
*/
@Test
public void run() throws IOException {
//加载配置文件
InputStream in=Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
//创建SqlSessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
//创建SqlSession对象
SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
//获取到代理对象
AccountMapper dao=session.getMapper(AccountMapper.class);
//查询所有数据
List<Account> list=dao.findAccount();
for(Account account : list){
System.out.println(account);
}
//关闭资源
session.close();
in.close();
}
/**
* 测试保存
*/
@Test
public void run1() throws IOException {
Account account = new Account();
account.setName("张三");
account.setMoney(3333.00);
//加载配置文件
InputStream in=Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
//创建SqlSessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
//创建SqlSession对象
SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
//获取到代理对象
AccountMapper dao=session.getMapper(AccountMapper.class);
//保存数据
dao.saveAccount(account);
//提交事务
session.commit();
//关闭资源
session.close();
in.close();
}
}
编写mapper文件,AccountMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.jd.dao.AccountMapper">
<!--查询所有账户-->
<select id="findAccount" resultType="com.jd.domain.Account">
select id,name,money FROM account
</select>
<!--保存账户-->
<insert id="saveAccount" parameterType="com.jd.domain.Account"
useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id" keyColumn="id">
insert into account(name,money) values (#{name},#{money})
</insert>
</mapper>
8、整合Spring和MyBatis
原理,把Mybatis的配置放到applicationContext.xml,意思是把Mybatis的配置放到spring容器里,这样在启动spring容器的时候,就加载Mybatis的配置,创建bean。
第一步:配置连接池
<!--配置连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///ssm?characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</bean>
第二步:配置Mybatis的Session工厂
把SqlSession全部用spring的ioc容器给创建,有工厂帮你创建SqlSession,有session,可以创建代理对象,把代理存到ioc容器里,service也放到容器里了,然后就可以依赖注入了。注意使用mapper.xml文件写sql的时候,在SqlSessionFactory工厂里加上扫描xml路径
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml" />
</bean>
第二步:配置自动扫描所有Mapper接口和文件
<bean id="mapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.jd.dao"/>
</bean>
第三步:配置spring的事务
<!--配置Spring框架声明式事务管理-->
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!--配置事务通知-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" isolation="DEFAULT"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!--配置AOP增强-->
<aop:config>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.jd.service.impl.*ServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
</aop:config>
第四步:测试整合结果
9、测试SSM整合结果
第一步、编写测试jsp
<!--index页面-->
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html";charset="UTF-8">
<title>主页</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="account/findAccount">查询账户</a>
<form action="account/saveAccount" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="name"/><br>
金额:<input type="text" name="money"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="保存"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<!--list页面-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>查询所有的用户</h3>
<c:forEach items="${list}" var="account">
${account.name}
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
第二步、修改控制器中的方法
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AcconutController {
@Autowired
AccountServiceImpl accountServiceImpl;
@RequestMapping("/findAccount")
public String findAccount(Model model){
System.out.println("表现层,执行了查询账户");
List<Account> list=accountServiceImpl.findAccount();
model.addAttribute("list",list);
for(Account account:list){
System.out.println(account);
}
return "list";
}
@RequestMapping("/saveAccount")
public void saveAccount(Account account, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
accountServiceImpl.saveAccount(account);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/account/findAccount");
return;
}
}
第三步、测试运行结果