I graduated from an ordinary second-tier school in 2018 with a very unknown undergraduate degree. I didn't study professional knowledge seriously during college, so when I graduated, I just found a job and did functional testing in a small company.
I remember that the salary at that time was about 6k. Because I was in a factory, the working environment was very poor and dangerous, so I always had the idea of changing jobs.
Now that I have an idea, I no longer struggle, I just resign.
Later, I moved to a different city and started my job search career. At that time, because my skills were not up to standard and I could only do a little bit of functional testing, I couldn’t find any good jobs.
I accidentally stumbled into an outsourcing company, an outsourcing company from Tencent, and stayed there for two years.
Only people who have done outsourcing can understand the life of outsourcing. Outsourcing workers are temporary workers with no official establishment. There are no human rights to speak of. I don’t know how to describe the hard work of outsourcing. Let me show you a picture.
The thing is this: She said that she was assigned to work in a big company, and because that company was a big company, they also provided snacks and afternoon tea during breaks. Everyone knows that girls love to eat. Once, this female outsourcing employee ate some company snacks. As a result, she received a message from the leader of the company that day, saying that she was an outsourced employee, not a regular employee, and please stop eating company snacks casually. And also asked her to pay attention to her own quality.
It shows that people in these large companies do not regard outsourcing workers as employees at all, so if you have the choice, do not join an outsourcing company. You would rather work in some small companies, and do not believe in the opportunities of big outsourcing companies. It’s slim, so it’s better to hone your skills and rely on the normal interview process to get into a big factory.
My two-year outsourcing life at Tencent was the same. It was very hard. Although the salary was a little higher than my previous job, the overtime phenomenon was too serious. I basically had to work overtime every day and rarely had time to rest. This kind of dedication is not the same as my previous job. The rewards are not proportional. I also knew very well at the time that I had to advance my skills, otherwise I would not be able to find another job. Simple functional testing is too easy to be replaced. Only by advancing my skills can I go I found a job I wanted, so I taught myself automation online, and finally quit my job at an outsourcing company. After quitting, I easily found a pretty good job with a monthly salary of 14k, and then I had weekends off. , the salary is much higher than before, and more importantly, my company currently works less overtime, which is relatively easy for me.
Below is the most comprehensive knowledge architecture system diagram of the development direction of software testing engineers in 2023 that I compiled. It will clearly tell you where to work hard:
1. Testing Basics
Understand the basic skills of testing, master the use of mainstream defect management tools, and be proficient in the operation and maintenance of the test environment
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Test basics |
|---|---|
| Test plan/test case | Black box use case design equivalence class/boundary value/scenario analysis/decision table/cause and effect diagram analysis/error inference |
| defect | Defect life cycle/defect classification/defect management tool ZenTao/Jira |
| database | Mysql/environment setup/add, delete, modify/query/associated query/stored procedure |
| Linux | System setup/basic instructions/log analysis/environment setup |
2. Necessary knowledge of Linux.
As the most popular software environment system, Linux must be mastered. Current recruitment requirements require Linux capabilities.
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Linux essential knowledge |
|---|---|
| Linux system introduction and preparation | As the most popular software environment system nowadays, you must know how to learn Linux. You will start with the introduction of the CenterOS version system, installation, directory structure and other basic contents, and also prepare for the subsequent self-built test environment. |
| Linux remote tool Xshell | Detailed introduction on how to get started using Linux and perform regular remote management and file transfer operations, including the tools Xshell and Xftp |
| Linux file attributes and management | Linux files, basic directory attributes, file operations, file management, directory operations, directory management. Avoid self-destructive operations and how to prevent accidental operations |
| Linux user and group management | How to add, delete, modify users and groups in Linux, and grant corresponding permissions, so that you no longer get stuck due to permission issues |
| Linux file editor | The use of Linux file editor vi, command mode, input mode, operation examples, shortcut keys, pipe commands, usage experience. How to edit in a system without graphics? |
| Linux common system settings | Network settings, environment variables, disk management, time settings, system resources, firewall, everything is available, don't worry about being clueless. |
| Linux installation software | Linux installation commands, and how to install through installation files downloaded from the network such as tar, gz, etc., such as MySQL database installation. |
| Linux Docker container | Explanation of Docker container technology, image management, warehouse, container creation, startup, operation, image packaging, and catching up with popular industry technologies |
3. Shell Script
Master Shell Script: including Shell basics and applications, Shell logic control, and Shell logic functions
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Shell |
|---|---|
| Linux Shell Basics and Applications | Introduction to shell script programming, environment types, variables, parameters, operators, use of arrays, close contact with scripts |
| Linux Shell logic control | Shell logic application, test command, process control, data input and output, script logic is no longer monotonous, and you can play tricks |
| Linux Shell functions | How to write shell script functions, call files to each other, and apply scripts in practice. What can you do if you know how to develop, test, and operate? |
| Windows Script Batch | Enough playing with Linux, let’s take a look at the usage of regular Windows commands, how to write batch scripts, and practical applications. Linux is not everywhere. Windows scripts are also one of the commonly used scripts. When you see this, you may use Windows. |
4. Internet Program Principles
The only way to automate: basic knowledge of front-end development and essential knowledge of Internet networks 4. Internet Program Principles
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Internet program principles |
|---|---|
| Web front-end development basics | Learn basic content of HTML and CSS. Why were test courses developed? Sorry, if not, automation may not be welcome. Many automated testing problems arise from the development foundation. |
| Web front-end development script | JavaScript is the most mainstream script learning. Similarly, this will also be involved in automated testing. In fact, dynamic scripts are often used in some tools, and they are also JavaScript languages. |
| Developer debugging tools for testing applications | Although the browser's F12 is named a developer tool, testing actually plays a key role in both functional testing and automated testing. Such as parsing HTML, locating elements, debugging scripts, monitoring network packet capture, etc. |
| Internet program network architecture | Understand in detail the birth of Internet programs through network architecture, logical details, how Internet communication principles transfer data to other computers, and what is the relationship between TCP, UCP, HTTP, and other protocols. |
| HTTP protocol data structure analysis | Completely analyze the HTTP protocol data structure, including Request and Response data formats, the definition and usage of Header, what each status represents, and how to identify errors. Analyze the position of parameters in the protocol, REST structure, various common body data forms, parsing methods, and the causes of common data parsing errors. |
| Cookie and Session mechanism | Interpret what Cookie is, what relationship it has with Session, how to test Cookie and Session, and what you need to pay attention to |
5. MySQL database
software testing engineers must have MySQL database knowledge, not just the basic "add, delete, modify and check".
| Programmer Uncle Lei | MySQL database |
|---|---|
| MySQL database testing application | MySQL environment construction, basic use of client Navicat and data operations, learning and consolidating basic SQL syntax, adding, deleting, modifying, and checking are indispensable, and mastering the usage of various conditions |
| MySQL advanced query | Query upgrade, master multi-table query, subquery, query grouping, use of statistical functions, and study and analyze classic interview questions |
| MySQL custom function | Since there are built-in functions, there is certainly no shortage of places for custom functions, which are often used. Just like any development language, they are inseparable from the definition and use of functions. |
| MySQL stored procedure SP | How to define the stored procedure that is essential for the database, usually also called SP? How to test? How to use it more safely, test what else can be done with stored procedures, and more content that is convenient for testing |
| MySQL things and programming | Database transaction use cases, the principle and use of indexes, the application of database SQL programming in testing, and how to use it to quickly and accurately generate a large amount of specified test data |
6. Packet capture tools
Fiddler, Wireshark, Sniffer, Tcpdump and various packet capture tools are suitable for various projects. There is always one that suits you.
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Packet capture tool |
|---|---|
| Principles and methods of packet capture | Only by understanding the principle of packet capture can we truly use a suitable tool and choose the appropriate direction and method, otherwise it will be in vain. |
| Packet capture tool selection | Classification and functions of packet capture tools, which tool is suitable for what kind of project, and how to identify the advantages of the tool |
| Fiddler basic functions | As a professional HTTP system packet capture tool, this article introduces its tool principle in detail, how to filter data, how to search for the desired data, and how to capture packets in various environments such as web, non-web, mobile phone, HTTPS protocol, etc. |
| Fiddler advanced features | Learn to use it for interface testing, power outage, scripting, etc. to modify and replace data, simulate data for interface Mock testing, and create your own defined menu functions. |
| Wireshark | 与其说是抓包，更是一种抓包后的分析工具，在各个系统下利用其它与系统一体化的抓包工具进行数据抓取整理并展示，有着强大的过滤和分析功能 |
| Sniffer | 黑科技抓包工具，有多种版本，非常专业的抓包工具 |
| Tcpdump | Linux、Android系列的系统中的抓包插件神器 |
七、接口测试工具
接口测试神器，你绕不开的强大工具：Jmeter。小巧灵活：Postman
| 程序员雷叔 | 接口测试工具 |
|---|---|
| Jmeter接口测试入门 | Jmeter简介，环境准备，目录结构介绍 ，如何录制脚本，以及基础组件的使用，线程、作用域、HTTP请求、定时器、断言等等 |
| Jmeter接口测试进阶使用 | Jmeter逻辑控制、前置处理器、后置处理器、监视器、结果树，如何参数化、正则表达式关联、事务、检查点等等。并带领大家对带有token等动态数据的项目进行实战演练 |
| Jmeter接口测试高级功能 | Jmeter脚本思考时间、随机时间、线程启动间隔、并发集合点、联机远程调用，webservice、websocket、jdbc、命令调用等等 |
| Postman接口测试工具使用 | 行业标准HTTP、rest接口测试神器，基本请求、分组保存、动态变量、脚本、数据关联、参数化、自动断言、批量运行、持续集成。思路类似其他接口工具，避免泛滥学习 |
八、Web自动化测试Java&Python
了解自动化的目的，熟练掌握TestNG&unittest自动化框架，以及断言与日志处理
| 程序员雷叔 | Web自动化测试Java&Python |
|---|---|
| 自动化框架思路引导 | 我们做自动化到底为了什么？节省人力、加快速度、还是让机器代替手动、还是提升自我。应该如何建立思路，而非无脑进坑任机器摆布 |
| Java&Python3开发环境及基本语法 | Java&Python开发环境搭建，基础语法入门，让不会代码的以最快速度入门，方便适应后续自动化测试开发内容学习，代码够用即可，并不是学得越多越好 |
| Java&Python3集合类型与面向对象开发 | Java&Python各种基本类型、集合数据类型的理解与操作，循环语句、判断语句，面向对象的开发，函数的使用，类的使用 |
| Selenium3环境与浏览器驱动配置 | 基于selenium3的web自动化环境搭建，正确的浏览器配置，不再为起不了浏览器而烦恼。支持IE、Firefox、Chrome等等 |
| Selenium3多种定位及动态操作 | selenium3常见定位方法，属性和值的获取，如何动态判断不一定存在的元素，复杂的网页结构，需要多步骤操作的元素等等 |
| 特殊情况处理（js、特殊控件等） | selenium3自动化测试中，常见的特殊情况处理，如日期、控件、智能等待、文件上传下载、网页嵌套结构，各种弹窗的处理方式，cookie处理，JavaScript脚本调用等 |
| TestNG&unittest自动化框架使用 | Python unittest、Java TestNG自动化框架的使用，环境处理、基本使用逻辑，数据驱动模型，数据库数据载入等 |
| 自动化框架断言与日志处理 | 自动化中最重要的是什么？作为测试当然是断言，没有断言的自动化毫无用处，如何展示日志与结果是自动化测试的根本 |
| PageObject框架设计模式 | PageObject框架设计模式，到底是做什么的？如何更好的快速管理控件，从此做起 |
九、接口与移动端自动化
专业接口调用、测试解决方案。组建完整的web和接口自动化框架，Appium整体使用
| 程序员雷叔 | 接口与移动端自动化 |
|---|---|
| 接口自动化方案Requests | Python Requests、Java HTTPclient接口框架，都是专业的接口调用、测试的解决方案，使用简单快速，结合工具的使用方式和功能，快速上手并对其操作，解决其中的疑难杂症 |
| web+自动化框架整合 | 自动化测试是相通的，如何将web与接口、甚至更多的测试类型和方向结合起来，组成完整的自动化框架 |
| Appium环境搭建 | Appium环境相对复杂，针对Android系统进行完整的环境搭建演练，解决环境上的问题，并进行基本的自动化操作 |
| Appium自动化实战与框架结合 | Appium整体使用与web自动化类似，引导使用典型功能，并针对一款APP进行实战操作 |
十、敏捷测试&TestOps构建
揭开TestOps的神秘面纱，持续集成Jenkins框架烂熟于心
| 程序员雷叔 | 敏捷测试&TestOps构建 |
|---|---|
| 构建敏捷测试运维架构体系 | 敏捷测试是什么？为什么需要敏捷，行业都提到的devops又是什么？TestOps能做什么 |
| 持续集成Jenkins框架实战 | 持续集成最常见的一套框架，介绍Jenkins操作、权限、系统管理等，常用构建与运行实例讲解 |
| 静态扫描测试Sonar | 一款自动化的代码扫描工具，便捷式快速扫描代码中的问题，做到提前发现，统一规范，自动化中的代码测试神器 |
十一、性能测试&安全测试
软件测试的彼岸：性能测试和安全测试，选个方向努力爬坑吧！
| 程序员雷叔 | 性能测试&安全测试 |
|---|---|
| 性能测试学习路线 | 如何学习性能测试，性能测试到底该怎么学习，使用什么工具？工具并不代表性能，接口的基础对性能测试非常重要，而工具只是辅助，更多的是思路和策略。你不会并不是分析而是准备阶段 |
| loadrunner脱离浏览器录制专题 | IE无法启动被测网站？打不开浏览器？程序无法在浏览器中被打开？这些都没关系，还是一样能录制，但录制是偷懒专用的，对于学习有一定的辅助作用，也会带入无法脱离的坑 |
| 性能测试工具操作实践 | loadrunner、jmeter，有了前面的基础使用，看懂脚本不是问题，带上关键的参数化、动态数据关联、事物、日志，大部分的脚本都可以搞定进行实践 |
| 系统监控方案实施 | 工具自带监控？系统监控？JVM内部监控？数据库监控？各种监控的意义何在，如何在各种情况下精准监控数据 |
| 安全测试起源与工具介绍 | 应该如何进行安全测试，安全测试都有哪些分类？都会用到什么样的工具，各自的作用又是什么，如web漏洞扫描，端口扫描，系统扫描等 |
| web安全测试手工实战 | 接口测试在安全中的作用，不会手动的安全测试，那就永远无法理解自动化以后产出的结果 |
| 安全扫描工具测试实践 | 实际介绍以及使用APPscan、awvs等专业安全扫描工具 |
| 企业安全建设（SDLC） | 企业应该如何进行安全建设，制定更安全的软件生命周期。从哪些方面进行着手 |
上面就是我为大家整理出来的一份软件测试工程师发展方向知识架构体系图。希望大家能照着这个体系在3-4年内完成这样一个体系的构建。可以说，这个过程会让你痛不欲生，但只要你熬过去了。以后的生活就轻松很多。正所谓万事开头难，只要迈出了第一步，你就已经成功了一半，等到完成之后再回顾这一段路程的时候，你肯定会感慨良多。
凡事要趁早，特别是技术行业，一定要提升技术功底。
其实每个程序员也能意识到目前自己面临的窘境，但能够及时作出改变，顺应时代变化的人太少了。毕竟更多人的情况是，忙着上班，也没人引路，自己也不太会规划。多数人明明“泰山崩于前，而面色如土”只能眼睁睁看着自己被行业淘汰吗？
最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：
这些资料，对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库，这个仓库也陪伴上万个测试工程师们走过最艰难的路程，希望也能帮助到你!有需要的小伙伴可以点击下方小卡片领取