linux system administration
Chapter Linux Software Installation
Outline
In the Linux platform, the type of package can be divided into two categories: source packages, binary packages.
Source package: the software's source code (generally called Tarball, the upcoming software source code packages to tar and then compressed Resource Kit).
Binary packages: If the Red Hat distribution of .rpm packages, Debian release .deb package.
The main steps of the installation source package
4.1 RPM Software Management
RPM packages, also known as the system default package, binary package. RPM is the Redhat Package Manager, is developed by Red Hat package management program.
4.1.1 RPM Package Naming
RPM system CD
libmicrohttpd-0.9.33-2.el7.i686.rpm
libmicrohttpd-0.9.33-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
1, i386, i586, i686 and noarch
i386-almost all of the X86 platform, whether it is old or new pentum pentum-IV system and K7 CPU, can work normally, i refers to the Intel-compatible CPU, as for 386 is the level of the CPU.
i586- level is 586 computer, including pentum first generation MMX CPU, AMD's K5, K6 system CPU (socket7 pins), etc., are the CPU level.
i686-pentum 2 after Intel CPU and system level after K7 CPU 686 belong to this level.
Noarch- representatives nothing to do with the hardware architecture. Whether x86, PowerPC, Sparc or Alpha systems.
x86: 32-bit Intel processors in general
x86_64: 64-bit Intel processors in general
4.1.2 RPM dependency
Dependency tree a-> b-> c
Since the annular a-> b-> c-> a
Module dependencies (libraries dependent), check website: www.rpmfind.net
Library dependent (dependent files)
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh mysql-connector-odbc-5.2.5-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
Warning: mysql-connector-odbc-5.2.5-6.el7.x86_64.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Error: Failed dependent detection:
libodbc.so.2 () (64bit) needed mysql-connector-odbc-5.2.5-6.el7.x86_64
libodbcinst.so.2 () (64bit) needed mysql-connector-odbc-5.2.5-6.el7.x86_64
[Root @ Redhat7 Packages] # rpm -ivh libodbc.so.2 (without this package)
By www.rpmfind.net inquiry
4.1.3 RPM software installation
Package Full name: install, upgrade, the package name: Query, Uninstall.
rpm –ivh
i install installation
v verbose Show Details
h hash show progress
--nodeps dependency is not detected (with caution)
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh http
httpcomponents-client-4.2.5-5.el7_0.noarch.rpm
httpcomponents-core-4.2.4-6.el7.noarch.rpm
httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm (main bag)
httpd-devel-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
httpd-manual-2.4.6-40.el7.noarch.rpm
httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
Wrong dependence
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
Warning: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Error: Failed dependent detection:
/etc/mime.types needed httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64
httpd-tools = 2.4.6-40.el7 needed httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64
libapr-1.so.0 () (64bit) needed httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64
libaprutil-1.so.0 () (64bit) is required httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
Warning: httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Error: Failed dependent detection:
libapr-1.so.0 () (64bit) is httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64 required (dependent libraries)
libaprutil-1.so.0 () (64bit) is httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64 required (dependent libraries) through the website to find
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
Warning: apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparation ... ################################# [100%]
We are upgrading / installing ...
1: apr-1.4.8-3.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
Warning: apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparation ... ################################# [100%]
We are upgrading / installing ...
1: Apr-out-1.5.2-6.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
Warning: httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparation ... ################################# [100%]
We are upgrading / installing ...
1:httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
Warning: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Error: Failed dependent detection:
/etc/mime.types needed httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm
Warning: mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparation ... ################################# [100%]
We are upgrading / installing ...
1:mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
Warning: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm: header V3 RSA / SHA256 Signature, Key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparation ... ################################# [100%]
We are upgrading / installing ...
1:httpd-2.4.6-40.el7 ################################# [100%]
Summary Using rpm too humane.
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-
httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm (installation)
httpd-manual-2.4.6-40.el7.noarch.rpm (installation)
httpd-devel-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64.rpm (installation)
rpm installation is to resolve dependencies, unlimited installation
4.1.4 RPM software upgrade and uninstall
Rpm -Uvh package full name
-U upgrade upgrade
rpm -evh Registration
-e (erase) Oroshi载
v verbose Show Details
h hash show progress
--nodeps not check dependencies
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -evh httpd-tools
Error: Failed dependent detection:
httpd-tools = 2.4.6-40.el7 is (installed) httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64 need
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -evh httpd-manual
Preparation ... ################################# [100%]
We are cleaning / delete ...
1:httpd-manual-2.4.6-40.el7 ################################# [100%]
Forced Uninstall (with caution)
[root@Redhat7 Packages]# rpm -evh --nodeps httpd-tools
Preparation ... ################################# [100%]
We are cleaning / delete ...
1:httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7 ################################# [100%]
4.1.5 RPM package query
rpm -q package name query package is installed
rpm -qa Query all installed packages
rpm -i query software information
-l: List all the packages in the directory list of files and installed software (list)
-f: Query files belonging to the package
-R: Query package dependencies package
Common Queries
[root@Redhat7 ~]# rpm -q nautilus
nautilus-3.14.3-7.el7.x86_64
The more common way
[root@Redhat7 ~]# rpm -qia | grep httpd
Name : httpd
Source RPM : httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.src.rpm
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
[root@Redhat7 ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.x86_64
Queries httpd package installation location, and software information
[root@Redhat7 ~]# rpm -qilla | grep httpd
/usr/share/setroubleshoot/plugins/httpd_can_sendmail.py
/usr/share/setroubleshoot/plugins/httpd_can_sendmail.pyc
/usr/share/setroubleshoot/plugins/httpd_can_sendmail.pyo
/usr/share/setroubleshoot/plugins/httpd_write_content.py
/usr/share/setroubleshoot/plugins/httpd_write_content.pyc
/usr/share/setroubleshoot/plugins/httpd_write_content.pyo
Name : httpd
Source RPM : httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.src.rpm
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
/etc/httpd
/etc/httpd/conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d
/etc/httpd/conf.d/README
Query files belonging to the package, and display software information
[root@Redhat7 ~]# rpm -qif /usr/share/httpd/icons/small/burst.gif
Name : httpd
Version : 2.4.6
Release : 40.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2019 Nian 07 Tuesday, 30 October 00 08 minutes 10 seconds
Group : System Environment/Daemons
Size : 3876648
License : ASL 2.0
Signature: RSA / SHA256, 2015 Nian 09 Wednesday, May 30 21:29:50, Key ID 199e2f91fd431d51
Source RPM : httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.src.rpm
Build Date: 2015 Nian 09 Thursday, May 17 21:08:35
Build Host : x86-024.build.eng.bos.redhat.com
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>
Vendor : Red Hat, Inc.
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
Description :
The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensibl
Query httpd dependent packages
[root@Redhat7 ~]# rpm -qR httpd
/etc/mime.types
system-logos >= 7.92.1-1
httpd-tools = 2.4.6-40.el7
4.2 yum rpm dependency perfect solution
yum (called the Yellow dog Updater, Modified) is a front end package manager Shell Fedora and RedHat and SUSE in. Based on RPM packages can be automatically downloaded from the server specified RPM package and install, can be handled automatically dependencies and install all of the software packages depend, again without cumbersome download, install. yum provides search, install, remove one, or all of a set of packages command, and command concise and easy to remember.
What is yum yum = Yellow dog Updater, Modified.
The main function is more convenient to add / delete / update the RPM package ..
It can automatically resolve problems dependent package ..
It easy to manage a large number of issues to update the system.
yum command form is generally as follows: yum [options] [command] [package ...]
where [options] are optional, options -h (help), - y (the installation process when prompted to select all " yes "), - q (not show the installation process) and the like.
[Command] to the operation to be performed, [package ...] is the operation of the object.
4.2.1 Set the local yum source
[Yum source is provided as a local mirror]
1、mkdir /mnt/cdrom
2 mount / dev / cdrom / mnt / cdrom # hanging mirror, an optical disk
3 mkdir /redhatiso
4 cp -Rf / mnt / cdrom / * / redhatiso # copy the contents of the CD to the next within a path
5 vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo # edit repo file
Add about content:
[iso7.2]
name=iso7.2
baseurl = file: /// redhatiso
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
4.2.2 yum commonly used commands
1. List all the updated software inventory command: yum check-update
2. Update all software command: yum update
3. Install only the specified software command: yum install <package_name>
4. Only the specified software update command: yum update <package_name>
5. List all the installed software inventory command: yum list
6. Remove the package commands: yum remove <package_name>
7. Find the package command: yum search <keyword>
8. Clear the cache commands:
yum clean packages: Clear package under the cache directory
yum clean headers: Clear headers in the cache directory
yum clean oldheaders: Clear the cache directory under the old headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders): purge packages and old headers in the cache directory
4.2.3 yum query and display
Info Display information
[root@Redhat7 ~]# yum info httpd.x86_64
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Installed packages
Name: httpd
Architecture: x86_64
Version: 2.4.6
Published: 40.el7
Size: 3.7 M
Source: installed
Description: Apache HTTP Server
URL: http: //httpd.apache.org/
Protocol: ASL 2.0
描述 ： The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
: web server.
List all installed and can install the package
yum list shows all installed and the package can be installed
yum list package1 specified display package installation package1
Find the beginning of the http package
[root@Redhat7 ~]# yum list | grep http
search search for matching specific character of the rpm package
On search keyword search server and all related packages
# Yum search perl // package name, package description, etc. Search
4.2.4 yum install rpm
Yum -y install the package name
- install installation
-y auto-reply yes
Automatic installation package that contains the name of pam
[root@Redhat7 ~]# yum install *pam* -y
4.2.5 yum update update rpm package
yum update all the updates
yum update package1 update the specified packages package1
[root@Redhat7 ~]# yum update gcc –y
4.2.6 yum remove deleted package
Try not to unload in the server, the first stable
yum remove pam-devel
yum remove pam-devel -y automatically deleted
4.3 linux source code management software
The difference between 4.3.1 source package with RPM packages
4.3.2 Source Package Installation
How to determine the error
Installation process stops, and the emergence of error, waring, or no tips
Example 1 Source Package Installation - determining the mounting position
[Root @ Redhat7 and software] # mkdir / or software
[Root @ Redhat7 en-software] # Level -zvxf rlwrap-0k37ktrkgsh
2 enter decompression directory
Unzip into the directory
[root@Redhat7 en-software]# cd rlwrap-0.37/
3 ./config software configuration and inspection
It source is provided to accommodate a variety of different operating system platforms, and generates the makefile Depending on the system, the Makefile specifies what to compiler information for parameters. So you can make your source code can be compiled on different operating system platforms. For example, it will detect that you are not a CC or GCC.
[root@Redhat7 rlwrap-0.37]# ./configure –prefix=/en-software/ rlwrap
configure: error:
You need the GNU readline library(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/readline/ ) to build
this program!
Install readline
[root@Redhat7 rlwrap-0.37]# yum install *readline* -y
success
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating filters/Makefile
config.status: creating doc/Makefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile
config.status: creating doc/rlwrap.man
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
Now do:
make (or gmake) to build rlwrap
make check for instructions how to test it
make install to install it
You can also specify the installation location ( be sure to specify the installation location )
./configure –prefix=/en-software/ rlwrap
4 make
Execution make is to compile the source code into a file that can execute, but not installed.
5 make install
The final step in the installation file
Successful installation
[root@Redhat7 en-software]# rlwrap
Installation of the documentation in the unzipped directory capitalized INSTALL
[root@Redhat7 rlwrap-0.37]# cat INSTALL
PREREQUISITES
To build rlwrap, you'll need an ANSI C compiler (gcc will certainly
do) and GNU readline 4.2 or later. rlwrap should compile on most
unices and unix-like environments like linux, the BSDs, OS/X, solaris,
HP/UX, QNX, AIX and cygwin (special thanks to PolarHome for their
"dinosaur zoo" of ageing Unix systems!)
INSTALLATION
./configure
make
make install
4.3.3 Source Pack Uninstall
make unistall: uninstall program has been installed.
make clean: delete the files generated by the make command
The final step of deleting the source package folders
4.4 SH script installation
