I read a post yesterday, very inspired, I am posting it today, I hope it will help us all, and I hope it can show us the way! (If you don't even have the patience to read this article, then I hope you don't learn linux)
Linux is too difficult to use! (One mouse click, enter /etc)
Learning Linux, have you forgotten the way of thinking of windows?
How to install the software Azerbaijan? What are those files for?
Learning linux, are you still impetuous?
Enter linux, just click a few times. Quickly restart to enter win
to learn linux, have you been careful?
.......
First of all, I would like to quote someone else: unless you have been living in a cave for the past ten years, you must have heard of linux
. There are so many people who operate it, but there are very few people who can really do something with linux, which leads to the current situation: the major linux forums are very lively, but there is still a shortage of linux talents in our country. What is the reason for this? The situation? To correct the reason, there are only two words: Fuzao!
If you conduct a survey and poll in the forum, see how many people in the forum have more than one regular linux textbook on hand. I think this number will not exceed 30%. If you ask again, how many people have completely read the introductory documents, system customization documents, system management documents and system security documents that come with each distribution, I am afraid this number is less than 10%. If you investigate further How many people have calmed down and studied professional courses that are closely related to linux, such as operating systems and computer networks, so I am afraid that only 3% of the figures are less than.
This reminds me of Zhongguancun in the IT bubble era around 1998. In Zhongguancun The streets and alleys of the city are full of high-spirited IT elites. They wear silent mirrors, smack their small flat heads, and keep their mouths open and shut. They are all about network, security, information, hackers, code, and industry. On the back of the T-shirt is written Three words: don't mess with me! But in the end, after the IT bubble passed, only those who are really willing to study in peace and quietness survived in the IT industry.
Now the situation of Chinese people learning linux is also the same. Everyone who learns linux is full of enthusiasm, thinking that it is amazing to learn linux and use linux. After learning a little bit of fur, they think it is very good. However, it is difficult for those enterprise employers to find the real suitable Therefore, I would like to express my opinion on the current situation.
First of all, this article is written for those who want to become a linux master and really want to do something with linux. If you just want to be a rookie , when you have nothing to do, choose linux once in a while on your dual-boot computer, and then go in and have fun, then please do it yourself. In addition, I want to explain that compared with the real genius, I am still in a comparison Low level. I haven't read the kernel source code, I don't know how linux works, etc., but through exploration, at least I have found the direction of the road to the master. So I still want to say a few words.
1, linux is not a toy
if If you want to learn linux systematically, you must clearly recognize this. Now there are many people who claim to be linux enthusiasts, but most of them still use windows to do most of their work, and linux is just a system for casual play. They I know some basic operations of linux, I know there is a linux game, and because I often hear people say that linux is good, they insist that linux is good. As long as some people say that linux is worse than windows, they will rise up to refute, and they also look down on people who use windows. , I think the level of people who use windows is low. But most of the time they use the computer, they still use windows and put important files on the windows partition, because they only regard linux as a toy in their bones, and do not really understand the essence of linux. If If you really want to learn linux systematically and use linux to make a difference, then please forget the way of thinking of windows, and slowly feel and get used to the operation mode of linux. Deep like him, use him, not use him to be fashionable or show off.
2. Do you have a good introductory textbook on hand?
"If you haven't read a linux installation and introductory textbook, don't ask questions on the beginners forum! Because you don't even have the qualifications to ask questions!" This is one of my more extreme views.
If you are now Started to make up your mind to learn linux, then the first thing you have to do is to go to the bookstore to pick a good book. Instead of going to the forum community to ask what version to use and how to learn linux. A good introductory textbook can Let you quickly comprehend the operation mode of linux, the basic use of the system and so on. And they are all written by predecessors by summarizing their experience. He can help you build a framework for learning linux and have a general understanding of linux. It is like building Before hitting the building, lay the foundation and build the concrete frame. Later, you can slowly add bricks and bricks to the frame, and finally build the building. Those who want to learn in a hurry, don't want to read books, and just want to learn Linux knowledge by mixing forums People, it is like building a building that hits the ground. The first floor is built today, and then the first floor must be painted, decorated, furnished, and lived in, and then the second floor will be built the next day. There is no overall plan. Learning is not good at learning linux, and the end result is a waste of your own time and others' time. If you don't believe it, you can let the facts tell you, within one year, you and one of your friends start from 0 at the same time Learning linux, the basics of computer are almost the same. You go to buy a few good books and read them slowly and do experiments, and let your friends go to major forums all day to learn some linux knowledge. Maybe at the beginning, your friends You will know more than you, but after a year, your level will definitely be higher than your friends. In the beginner stage, don’t ask questions on the forums, reading more books is fundamental, even if you really have to ask questions, you must first ask yourself Check the data to solve it. If it doesn’t work, ask again. Experts will not despise rookies, because every expert comes from rookies, and they all know the difficulties of rookies. But experts will despise those who are unwilling to use their brains and can’t learn to solve problems. People who just want to get ready-made answers. Such people will be secretly scolded by experts as idiots who are not worthy of linux.
You need the following books:
a good introductory textbook -> a linux instruction reference manual -> linux system management manual -> A book explaining the principles of the linux system.
In the beginning, you only need the introductory textbooks. And strictly follow the instructions of the textbooks to learn, don't think about installing video card drivers, games, and software all day long. These are not necessary. You are just you. You can't access the Internet on your own computer, you can only learn by reading books. Slowly read books, grasp and play steadily. Slowly, you will master it. At this time, you can go to the Linux beginners forum to have a look. You are already a master there.
In addition, you need to choose an introductory textbook at the beginning, but you can't just read one, because some books may not be mentioned in other books. Therefore, focus on choosing one textbook and read it. Then read two more Take a look at the three introductory textbooks. As an expansion and consolidation of the knowledge of the first book. In the process of reading the book, if you do not understand anything, don't rush to the forum to ask, read it carefully a few times by yourself, it doesn't matter if you don't understand it. , and put the problem there. Don't get to the point where you don't understand and refuse to let go. This kind of spirit is good, but the method is wrong. Even if you continue to learn, maybe after reading the content of the book, you will suddenly understand the content you didn't understand before. Cheerful. This is often the case in learning linux.
In addition, many introductory books are now aimed at non-technical users. (I call those people who are not interested in linux itself and just want to use it to surf the Internet, listen to music and type. For non-technical users, people who are interested in linux itself are called technical users)
These introductory books for non-technical users are almost all illustrations, and the content is how to operate under the graphical interface. These books are not It can't help you become a master. On the contrary, it will make you develop the habit of relying on the mouse and the graphical interface to operate, which is difficult to break. Therefore, you can't read these books, and you must buy those books that explain the basic commands of the system from the beginning. The first linux introductory book I read has more than ten chapters, but he only explained the knowledge of graphical interface in chapter 11. I am very grateful for this book, which made me break away from windows from the beginning. The way of thinking has brought great help to my further study in the future.
After completing the above content, you have completed the process of building the building, laying the foundation and constructing the concrete frame. You can study further.
3. After reading the system Did you bring the documentation?
When you have completed the process of getting started, you can start reading other documents, and then go to the elite area of the forum to see, adding bricks to the framework of the building you built. Of course, the first thing to read is the documentation that comes with the system .
Most linux distributions come with very detailed documentation. For example, redhat, which I have been using, has detailed documentation for people at different levels from system installation to system security. Calm down and read these documents , It is more useful than looking at the essence area of any forum. Books and documents are like three meals a day that you cannot live without, and the essence documents in the forum area are like snacks and fruits. You can skip snacks and fruits, but You must never skip dinner.
Of course, you can't read the document just to read the document. You must do the test verification while reading the document. This will make a deep impression. If you want to learn linux, don't be stingy, and don't be afraid of losing data and don't dare to experiment. I suggest you buy a small second-hand hard drive, and then let go. Don't be afraid to lose data and dare to do it, if you don't learn skills, In the future, if you become a linux system administrator or network administrator, it will be a big thing to lose data because you will not be able to.
4. Learning linux is not about visiting the free market.
I often see people asking what version of linux to use, in fact, as long as you It is good to study any version seriously. You must know that the people who develop linux distributions are people who have read the linux kernel code and are extremely proficient in linux principles, and each development team has tested his distribution. It is even more so for those famous international brands. Therefore, it is meaningless to discuss which version is good, the key is whether you really want to learn. However, in order to avoid high and low profile, it is best to choose a version with many people, such as redhat manrake suse, etc. There are one or two linux versions in China that do well, but domestic linux is developed for non-technical users. Therefore, if you want to become a master, it is recommended not to use the domestic version.
Learning linux is not about visiting the free market. When you choose a version, you must calm down and learn. Don't change the version today and upgrade tomorrow. This is not good for you. Talking about it, it seems to know a lot, but if you ask him to build a web server with linux and make a linux gateway, he will not know anything. They waste their time on version conversion.
5. Can you understand the English document?
Talking about this issue, I'm a little low-spirited, because my own English is very poor. However, at least I can read general computer documents without obstacles. Computer English is very simple, as long as you are familiar with computer professional English, the level of high school graduation will be enough. You can easily read computer documents. If your English is so bad that you can't even read the simplest computer English documents, then while learning linux, please learn English quickly. Maybe you say, you can read the translation Documentation, when I was a rookie, also thought so. However, I found out later that if you want to learn linux in depth, you can't understand because the documentation is too difficult. The best and most comprehensive documentation They are all written in English, and the first technical information published is also written in English. Even if people from non-English speaking countries publish technical documents, they are first translated into English and published on international academic journals and the Internet. Which of the official websites of major software and hardware manufacturers does not use English as its main site? People who have used Windows for a long time will be very unaccustomed to this. It takes a long time to install a software and read the documentation. It should be too simple to use Windows But if you want to learn linux, you must learn to read various documents, and most of the documents are written in English. I found that many people can't even read the man document, and if there is any command that they can't use, they just run I came to the forum to ask, and pretended to be pitiful, begging for the usage of a command. If you have time, you might as well read the man file yourself, even if you translate the words one by one into Chinese and then read it yourself, it is better than asking others, because others No matter how detailed the answer is, it is not as detailed as the man document. When installing a new software, read the README first, then the INSTALL, then the FAQ, and finally install it, so that you can know why if you encounter problems. Otherwise, you will not read the documentation. , It turns out that if there is a problem, it is a waste of time to find the answer! The ancients said that haste is not enough!
6. Forget the way of thinking of windows
A change of mind is more useful than a temporary technical improvement, because it can help you speed up your learning. Many people use linux now. However, the way they use linux is completely the way of windows. In this way, it is impossible to understand the essence of linux and experience its superiority. I saw a friend a few days ago that he was going to delete mandrake 10 that had been installed for less than 2 days. I asked him why, and he said it was too slow. I can't stand it, but I still use windows faster. Then I noticed the way he uses linux. All his operations have the shadow of windows. Even the most basic operations such as deleting and moving files have to use the mouse, which is of course slow. Finally I have to say, you delete it, you are not suitable for linux, linux is not used like this. You can go and see those linux advanced users, how they operate. Usually they open an xterm on X or rxvt terminal, more than 80% of the operations are done with commands under this terminal, because the linux command line is very powerful and fast, and a combination of simple commands can complete very complex operations. For example: linux The common command find, go to see the man document, beginners will find it too complicated to use, but once you learn it, you will fall in love with it. Its function is too powerful, it can be used with exec parameters or redirected through pipes To the xargs command and the grep command, it can complete very complex operations. If you use a graphical interface tool to complete the same operation, I am afraid it will take a dozen more time. Therefore, Linux experts often say: if there is no find and How can we live with grep. But now most linux primary users are influenced by windows and like to use graphical interface tools to complete some basic operations. I don't mean that the graphical interface is not good. It's just because of the different design ideas of linux and windows. The operation mode of linux is also very different. Using a graphical interface under windows will be faster than typing commands, but linux is an operating system composed of command lines, and its essence is in the command line! No matter what level of graphical interface development is, this principle is not It will change!
7. Learn more commands after getting started
When you read one or two introductory books, you should expand your knowledge and learn more linux commands, but don't systematically learn linux commands in the beginner stage, just learn the commands mentioned in the book in the beginner stage. It is impossible to become a master by learning various commands, but it is also impossible to become a master without commanding. , but there is no vocabulary and English level can not be improved.
The best way to learn commands in linux is to learn bash script programming. Bash script is easier to learn than other languages, but its functions are very powerful. By learning bash programming, It allows you to master a large number of linux commands. In addition, it is necessary to buy a command reference manual. If you encounter commands that you don't know how to use, you can check them at any time. This is faster than checking the man document. It is especially suitable for poor English and incomprehensible man documents.
In linux, commands can be divided into system basic commands and application commands. System basic commands are commands supported by all Unix-like systems, and they remain unchanged wherever they go, as long as they are on Unix-like systems. Yes. Such as ls, rm, rmdir, cp, cd, mv, cat, etc. There are about 200 such basic commands. These commands must be mastered. I bought a book < redhat > which is very good, According to the common index classification of commands, he marked 3 stars as the most commonly used commands, which must be mastered, followed by two stars, and 1 star as long as you know it. Although it has already been FC3 now, the basic UNIX basic The commands have not changed for decades! In addition, some commands are specific to linux or executable files of a certain application, such as the xmms player. These are all you need to know, and it doesn't matter if you don't know them. Some commands are used less often, so Usually I can't remember his usage. For these commands, at least you need to know this command and have an impression in your mind. You can check the manual when you need to use it, but you must not be ignorant of the existence of this command!
8. Learn to manage the system
After you have the basic knowledge and a certain amount of command usage, you can further learn the management system. These contents are available in the introductory book, but they will not be very in-depth. If you want to learn system management in depth, you must buy a copy Books like this. Careful reading and doing experiments can make you progress quickly. Learning to configure various network servers and building a network with linux are all good ways to learn linux system management and network management. At this stage You can often check the information on the Internet, look at the official website documents and FAQs of the released software, and look at the articles in the forum essence area. But you can't put the cart before the horse, reading more books is still fundamental. Books and official documents can let you learn systematically, but forums can let you Learn some little knowledge and tips. I myself often go to the forum to see, because even a novice may find some tips that you don't know, and you can learn these tips from the forum. But I think The ratio of documentation to viewing the forum will not be less than 4:1. You can ask the questions you usually accumulate on the forum at one time. But don't go to the forum frequently when you are a beginner, because the questions you want to ask are all written in the book, be patient , you'll see soon.
9, End system structure
After you have a certain knowledge of system management, know the use of those configuration files under /etc, and know how to configure a general network server, you can understand the system structure. Understanding the system structure does not require you to see what files What to put in the folder, but to learn some basic things. For example, how the system is booted, and those things are started after booting. Which are the most basic library files in the system, what are they used for, etc. The most important thing to learn the system structure is A good way is to make a linux system by yourself, there is nothing to learn the system structure better than making a linux system yourself. LFS (linux from strach) can teach you to compile a system from source code yourself. By compiling a system yourself , you can understand the linux system structure, know which files are used for what, and how they work together. Of course, there are still many things to do before you reach the LFS level, such as learning how to compile and install software distributed from source code and compile New kernels, etc. When you get to the LFS level, you can be called a "master" on most linux forums! At this point, it's like hitting a building that's basically built, but still needs painting and renovations , the real work is still to come!
Always remember the truth that there are days outside the sky, and there are people outside the people. Even with the LFS level, you are still a rookie who has been engaged in linux system development and has read the linux kernel code. Therefore, please always Keep an open-minded attitude. Even a person with only one star rating on the forum may be a potential real expert! Most real experts are usually engaged in R&D work, so how can they have time to go to the forum! Many students who haven't graduated from university spend all day on forums.
10. Study professional courses
If you are not a computer major, but want to learn linux well, you must take professional courses. It is necessary to learn professional courses such as microcomputer principles, operating systems, computer networks, etc. Why do you start learning linux at the same time, some people learn very fast, They have become masters in less than half a year. Some people have played around and still can’t play well, and they are still novices after playing for a year or two? Because those who learn fast have the basics, and they have all taken professional courses. The same document, People who have no basic knowledge may read it three times and still don’t understand it, but if you have a solid foundation, you can understand it after two glances! This is the difference between a professional and a non-professional! Therefore, if you want to achieve a higher level, you must learn basic professional courses 11.
Maintain an open-minded learning attitude.
I want to repeat the truth that there are days outside the sky, and there are people outside the world! Maintaining an open-minded learning attitude will not only allow you to learn more knowledge, but also make you respected by others.
In the world of linux, If you want to win the respect of others by messing around in forums, posting posts, changing a few stars to increase your level, and then talking to a rookie with a few cowardly words to win the respect of others. Even a rookie who is just getting started can Identify the quality of your answering questions, so as to know how much level you have. In addition, when you become a "master", you can also learn a lot from a "rookie". Because there are many questions that you have never thought about Yes, I think I will definitely do it, but there will be difficulties in actual encounters. And "rookies" are often better at finding such problems. This is what the Chinese often say "teaching and learning"!
In the world of linux, the more High-level people are more humble, because they know that they still have a lot of things they don't know, and those who want to sway with half a bottle of water are self-righteous, because they don't know that they still have a lot of things they don't know! Go and see, www. linuxforum.net is an expert in embedded development and UNIX. Many of them have several years of experience in linux and are proficient in linux and unix, but everyone maintains a very humble attitude. These people are worthy of respect.