Disclaimer: This article is a blogger original article, follow the CC 4.0 BY-SA copyright agreement, reproduced, please attach the original source link and this statement.
Installing Linux system
2.1 Installing and Using VMware virtual machine
- Virtual machine is out of the virtual computer, the computer out of the virtual and the real computer is almost exactly the same, the difference is that he is out of the virtual hard disk in a file, so you can modify any of the various settings of the virtual machine, not impact on the host.
- Virtual machine advantages:
- Presentation environment, you can install a variety of presentation environments.
- Ensure fast operation of the host, reducing unnecessary junk installer
- Each re-installation to avoid having good privacy can run at a separate environment
- I want to test unfamiliar applications can be installed and completely delete the virtual machine
- Experience different versions of the operating system
2.2 Linux system installation - system partition
2.2.1 System Partition
- System partition :
- The so-called system partition is the disk partition, is to a large disk into several smaller according to our needs available to the user. Rationalization of management can manage memory and easy file.
- Partition type :
- Primary partition : the first partition type, zoning restrictions can only have four partitions, partition can put data
- Extended partition :
- You can only have one partition
- Primary partitions plus an extended partition can have up to four
- Data can not be written, not formatted, comprises only logical partitions
- Logical partitions
2.2.2 Formatting
- Format (Advanced Format): the purpose is to write to disk in a file system (that is, the disk into equal size blocks -block default is 4KB)
- Also called logical formatting, it means the user selected file system (FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, (Windows systems) EXT2, EXT3, EXT4 (Linux systems), etc.), specific written in a specific area of the disk data, in the partition set aside for storing a file allocation table, the table of contents for file management and other disk space.
2.2.3 hardware device file name
- Windows systems: Partition - Format - assign a drive letter you can use.
- Linux systems: Partition - Format - Create the device file name - assign a drive letter
- Windows, a graphical interface can directly see an icon for the device, so each dish can be accessed directly through the graphical interface, while the Linux system need to create a device file name (each hardware system is a Linux file).
- For example IDE hard disk device corresponding to the file name is / dev / hd [ad] Explanation: / for the root directory, the directory dev, hd hard disk, partitions AD
- Partition file name : plus the partition number / dev / after the name of the file directly to the hard disk hda1 represents the first partition in the hard disk hda under dev file in the root directory
- Three kinds of hard disk interface : IDE hard disk interface, SATA hard disk interface, SCSI hard disk interface
- The main difference between the three is the transmission rate
- IDE hard drives : the oldest, theoretically 133MB / sec
- SCSI hard disk interface : is part of an upgrade, the price is more expensive, in theory, the transfer rate is 200MB / sec (mainly used on the server)
- SATA hard disk interface : divided into multiple generations, the transmission rate is theoretically 3 generations 500MB / sec. These two basically eliminated.
- No matter how the partition, the first five partitions represent logical partitions, these four numbers 1,2,3,4 only the first four partitions. This is the automatic identification system.
2.2.4 mount (assign a drive letter in Windows)
- Linux system mount point target letter in Windows.
- Windows is the C, D, E as the name of the letter, Linux system is to empty the directory name as a drive letter. Theoretically all directories can be used as a drive letter.
- You must be partitioned :
- / (Root partition)
- swap partition (swap partition, twice the memory, no more than 2GB) - can be understood as virtual memory, when our physical memory is not enough, you can use this part as a memory.
- Recommended Zoning :
- / Boot (boot partition, 200MB)
- Because each operating system in order to use, we must spare space at startup, usually to boot a separate partition, designed to save data files at startup, does not write any data after the start, there will always be the use of space.
- And Windows systems the distinction :
- File system structure shown in FIG., There are root partition boot partition, there are two disk directory or file etc is two partitions, partition Home, etc partition.
- But the Linux system, the root partition will allocate disk space alone. sda3, write the file to the root partition sda3 will be written to the disk space, you can come up with a partition to a subdirectory of the root partition, such as boot and home designated a separate hard drive space. etc no partition, if the data is written to the etc in fact written is the root partition corresponding disk space, if it is to write data to the boot and home, the data is stored to their corresponding separate disk space.
to sum up
* 分区：是把大硬盘分为小的逻辑分区
* 格式化：写入文件系统
* 分区设备文件名：给每个分区定义设备文件名
* 挂载：给每个分区分配挂载点
- After more than four steps, the partition can be used as normal.