First, the disk structure
1, the physical structure of the hard disk
Discs: 1-3 platters, each platter has two sides
Head: the head on each side a
2, the hard disk data structure
Sector: The disk is divided into a plurality of fan-shaped area, storage area for each sector of 512 bytes
Track: unified disc concentric circles of different radii
Cylindrical: cylindrical surfaces having different radii, the radius of the same configuration
3, the storage capacity of a hard disk head * = Number of tracks (cylinders) * the number of sectors per track * bytes per sector
Second, the disk interface
Individual level: IDE, SATA
Enterprise: FC interfaces
300-600: SAS, SCSI Interface
Hard drive size: 2.5
Desktops: 3.5
Three, MBR
1, MBR (Master Boot Record, 512 bytes total)
2, position: located at the first physical sector of the hard disk, tracks 0, 0 cylinders
3, the master boot program and includes a hard disk partition table. Partition table recording area of four partitions, each partition representing recording region 16 bytes of 64 bytes. 446 bytes for storing the master boot program, 2-byte checksum.
Fourth, the disk partition represents
1、/dev/hda5
/ Dev /: hardware catalog file is located
hd: represents the IDE devices.
sd: the SCSI device
a: hard disk sequentially, with the letters a, b, c ...... represents
5: the first logical partition extended partition
2, only four primary partition the hard disk, the primary and extended partitions limited number of 1 to 4. Extended partition divided into logical partitions, the logical partition number is always started from the 5
Fifth, the file system: organize file storage
1, ext4: fourth-generation extended file system
List storing files and directory partitions
A typical journaling file
The system is used by default
2, swap, swap file system (similar to virtual memory)
Create the swap partition for linux system
3, linux supports other file types
FAT16、FAT32、NIFS、XFS
Sixth, to detect and confirm the new format the hard disk fdisk -l
1, format: fdisk the -l
Boot: whether the boot partition. Is the case with "*" logo.
Blocks: block default size 1024 bytes
Seven hard disk partition plan
1, format: fdisk [disk device]
p: View a list of partition information
n: New Partition
d: delete partition
w: Save the partition settings and exit
q: give up the partition settings and exit
t: Change Partition Type
ctrl + backspace: delete character input error
2, after saving, loading area list for zoning changes
partporbe /dev/sdb
3, more than the size of the partition plan of 2T parted command
mklabel: change the file type hard disk
mkpart: partition
rm 3: Delete Partition 3