2 019 Nian enrollment vocational colleges will be implemented, the scale of "100 million." If this policy to take root, means that school in September, and more than the normal enrollment increase of one million students.
College enrollment already is not news, since 1999 to date, college students in scale is growing. Enrollment only increased, not decreased. By now, admitted to university, it has been very simple. Compared junior high school exam, college entrance examination pressure is actually smaller, because most of the results are there places to go, but the focus, two, or three distinguish specialist Bale.
It stands to reason, in the case that students "run over", to reduce enrollment instead of asking this year to launch a large-scale enrollment of higher vocational colleges plan it? Personally I think that the reason may have three.
First, in order to ease the employment pressure. Kind of thinking to solve the problem called "not solve the problem, people put questions solved", since many young people can not find a suitable job, these people might as well delay the job, to enrich my knowledge. So this year enrollment plan is also proposed to encourage more high school graduates, veterans, laid-off workers and migrant workers and other university entrance exam.
In fact, many provinces in enrollment has been a work action. This past February, the Guangdong proposed the vocational education "expansion, upgrading, strong service," the three-year action plan. Plan mentioned in 2021, Guangdong is expected to add more than 120,000 vocational degrees, vocational graduates entering rate of 30%, the number of graduates enrolled in vocational colleges and universities more than double by 2018. Universities.
Second, to enhance the skills and qualities of talent, with the upgrading and development of society. Today's society is the coexistence of the difficult employment and labor shortage at the same time, one of the important reasons is the lack of high-quality, highly skilled expertise, so by college enrollment, a group of people can effectively enhance the skills and qualities. In the long run, increase the quality of the population can also contribute to economic and social transformation and development better.
Third, also driven by economic development. The student population is already a big market consumer groups, the school in addition to tuition, fees, also need to eat and drink Lazard, especially grown-up students. A large school, it is possible to feed a large group of people. Now let more people enrolled, naturally stimulate more spending.
In summary, both large-scale enrollment can solve the employment, but also improve the quality of the population, driven by the economy, then why not do it? So little known that this year millions of expansion plan, there will also be the future. This year is the large enrollment of higher vocational colleges, undergraduate colleges and universities may be the next, and even graduate enrollment have it.
Industry College
Analysis of capacity building based on the integration of teaching vocational college industry
[Abstract] In order to deepen the integration of production and education, will implement a new development concept, to lead the industry to upgrade personnel training, in order to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading vocational colleges long-term development, we must actively foster vocational college industry. Vocational college industry is the vocational colleges to better serve enterprises, service area industry, and business, a new model of cooperative education industry. Integration of production and education refers to vocational schools offer specialized industry according to industry professional training services, education and industry to achieve mutual support and mutually reinforcing set of personnel training, scientific research, industry services to one integrated school system. 2017, "the State Council on deepening the integration of production with teaching a number of opinions" (Guo Ban Fa [2017] No. 95) that the development of vocational education in China, due to the constraints of a variety of factors, leading to demand-side and supply personnel training side imbalance exists. Only deepen the integration of production and education, optimization of school-enterprise cooperation, strengthen the talent supply-side structural reforms in order to promote effective educational chain and industrial chain convergence, the demand side and the supply side equilibrium. Industry College as a secondary college vocational schools and enterprises to build, enterprises and colleges have a double body in personnel training supply-side reforms, the talent supply and demand can quickly crack the vocational colleges and enterprises due to asymmetric information and other causes a state of imbalance, will implement a new concept of development, to lead the industry to upgrade personnel training, in order to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading education teaching reform in vocational schools. zz
I. Overview Industry College
Connotation of "industrial institute", China's academic circles have not clearly defined. Some will be "Industrial School" is defined in two colleges with mixed ownership characteristic of higher vocational and technical education institutions to college or secondary college operating mechanisms; some of the "Industrial School" is defined as two or Polytechnic Institute education institutions to secondary college operating mechanisms; some of the "industrial School" is defined as having a clear industrial clients as well as the type of Vocational and technical College of close industry-university partnerships, to distinguish them from local institutions of higher education and hybrid Vocational Institute school. According to previous studies and the author of its own practice, saying that "vocational college industry" refers to the use of higher vocational colleges own educational resources, combined with their industry resources, industry experience, to achieve the depth of school-enterprise cooperation, innovation and entrepreneurship to provide students platform opportunities. For example, the Suzhou Industrial Park Vocational Technical College and with the way network Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "with the way Tourism Network") to build the same way college ①, Samsung Group and Samsung Engineering to build the university, and Suzhou Woking Network Technology Ltd. to build a cross-border electricity business School. These vocational college running industries and businesses are docked by the Department of the Ministry of direct or secondary colleges, school is the overall macro-control, has the following characteristics:
First, build a multi-college industry body. Vocational college industry can be capital investment by the industry cluster, industrial parks government, business, vocational colleges, etc., so there is a wide range of subject education. With the way college jointly founded by Suzhou Industrial Park Vocational Technical College and with the way Tourism Network, part of a double main industries College. The two sides set up a management committee of school-enterprise co-managed with the way the operation of school, equipped with interlocking teachers, developed a series of measures to run the college student management regulations guarantee the same way.
Second, to formulate personnel training system. Vocational college construction and industrial cooperation by both industry chain docking training system based on industrial development. In the same way College School Council mixed ownership system, the two sides set up a school-enterprise co-management committee. Management Committee to develop training plan on the basis of professional research, process monitoring in the implementation of personnel training programs. In addition, the reform of personnel training run during the semester projects, teaching methods, building online courses, corporate development, and assessment practices school-enterprise cooperation textbooks are scheduled to discuss the two sides to form a comprehensive school-enterprise " four of six double "training system.
Third, build a "research to create" integration platform . The two sides vocational college school-enterprise industry on the basis of industry-university cooperation on the use of their respective advantages in resources and build a "research alliance to create." On the one hand, the cooperative production model, there are problems to study and propose countermeasures, in order to promote industrial development and innovation; strengthening industry-university research building, in order to promote industrial research institute building. On the other hand, students through industry-university cooperation in the form of theory and practice, improve their professional skills, in order to promote innovation and entrepreneurship students.
Second, the main problem of the construction industry practices exist in college
(a) national level: macroeconomic policy and more incentives to reward less than normal
2014-2017, the State Council, the Ministry of Education and other relevant functional departments are presented each year to deepen the integration of document production and education, speed up promoting the teaching reform of vocational education. However, compared to Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Australia Modern Apprenticeship, our government allocation positioning is not clear role for industry associations, enterprises and vocational colleges in industrial production Religions and college construction; for enterprises to participate in vocational production and education institutions integration project construction, industrial construction of the college no specific financial assistance, tax relief and other incentives; to carry out the integration of production and education projects for vocational colleges, college construction industry did not provide specific policy support and financial support; wage income students to participate in the practice of industrial production and education School integration projects, often at a high rate of labor income to personal income tax, a heavy blow to the enthusiasm of students to participate, which are seriously hampered the rapid development of the industry college.
(B) the industry level: industry associations positioning allowed , and did not play the lead coordinating role
Industry Association is a cross between an intermediary between government organizations, schools, businesses, the relationship between the three is the communication bridge and link for the government, schools and enterprises to provide services. "People's Republic of China Civil Law" stipulates that trade association is a private organization, is a form of juridical association, non-profit organization. According to the connotation of industry associations can be seen, industry associations should promote the role of a bridge and link between the process of integration of production and education play in government and government enterprises, the government department in charge of education and the enactment of policies and regulations to refine leading business involved in the production Religions. However, China's trade association solely on the general meetings to understand the status of the industry, industry competition to be held to promote the development of the industry, industry to organize training to improve staff quality industry, for the role of leading enterprises to participate in the production Religions play less. (C) the enterprise level: high operating costs, strong willingness to cooperate is not
based on experience in building college the same way, the main purpose of enterprises to participate in the construction industry institute is to save human resource cost of labor by capital absorption of students in vocational colleges. School construction industry in the process, including project investment costs of pre-publicity costs, staff recruitment and training costs, personnel management costs, compensation costs to adapt to the participants in the early period of the complaint and other guests. Since most of the students in theoretical school, but the use of spare time to practice before going to the enterprise, leading students to create within the effective time income in the industry off-season is less than the cost of business, and then if the loss occurs during operation of the industrial college students , then the investment costs will be far greater than the benefits created by the students. Enterprises to participate in market operations are for profit, operating costs outweigh the benefits, contrary to the market operation mechanism of enterprises, but also defeats the purpose of corporate profits, so the company is not strong willingness to cooperate.
(D) the school level: cooperation mechanism is not clear, lack of modern governance
With the way college in the early days, the establishment of a management committee. With the way Tourism Network CEO Dean of College of the same process, Human Resources Director is responsible for coordinating matters related to the training department in charge of business operations; Dean of Vocational and Technical College Suzhou Industrial Park served as vice president the same way, according to with the way Tourism Network specific professional modern service industry professional group of business content, Tourism management Department of Trade and Industry docking management, e-commerce, marketing. But in the actual operation of the process, due to high input costs, the partners different objectives and other reasons, resulting in ineffective management committee, the industrial school management, teaching and student learning mode mode and so there are some flaws, there is no use of modern governance School of management and the industrial building.
(E) student level: participation in high expectations, but in practice the process of the loss of more serious
vocational college construction industry is the initiator of vocational colleges and businesses, but the actual subject is in school vocational colleges. In practice the same way in college, student turnover rate of 30% to 40%. The main reason for the loss of students: one that can not meet their own ability of enterprises to provide jobs; the second is the lack of a sense of spirit; the third is that the income tax rate paid is high, the impact on their actual income. Whether students reasons which side caused the loss will cause a great impact on vocational colleges and businesses. For enterprises, their input costs become sunk costs, affecting the company's investment income; for vocational colleges, students exit caused recalculate readjust courses, credits and so on.
Third, the industry School building strategies
for industrial institute exists under construction problems, it is recommended to problem-oriented, focused business needs and student employment and innovation and entrepreneurship, strengthening demand for talent supply-side reforms, reduce business cost of participation, mobilize enterprises to participate in industry School enthusiasm construction.
(A) national legal aspects: improving the legal system policy, an incentive to protect cooperative support
Although the national policy has been committed to promoting the integration of production and education, but from our point of view current law, there is no description for mixed ownership, to build a school-enterprise what school system School of mixed ownership industry should take, management mechanism, operation mechanism has not been operational for reference.
States must as soon as possible the relevant laws and regulations on the construction of industrial mixed ownership College, School of legal subjects clearly mixed ownership industry, operating mechanism, income distribution and monitoring mechanism. Specifically, the institute clearly mixed ownership industry legal status; in the management mechanism, to determine stakeholder co-governance policy; on the operational mechanism, a clear industrial schools and administrative affiliates and vocational colleges; school financing industry, student income fusion project involved the production of industrial college teaching; transfer, trading, clearing and so the introduction of the implementation details; involved in the production of Religions pilot project to develop corporate tax relief policy; the implementation of financial support for the construction of the industrial institute of higher vocational colleges , personal income taxes and implement reasonable standards.
(B) The Government, industry associations levels: play co-ordination synergies, and promote industrial and Education with the development of
the industry college construction process, the government should actively change the method of support, reduce the cost of participation in industry School construction, accelerate the promotion of "production and education inclusive enterprise "building; to promote the integration of production and education platform for building, construction and process monitoring. At the same time, the government should strengthen public service functions, to apply for college construction industry vocational colleges and enterprises to open a green channel, the implementation of "release tube dress," calls for reform, and effectively provide policy support for the construction of industrial mixing Institute of ownership, technical support, financial stand by.
Strengthen the organization and coordination of trade associations to address the situation of enterprises due to information asymmetry caused by the costs involved in the construction industry School high; to create a school-enterprise information sharing platform for third-party services, the timely release of information enterprises employing school and student information; for industry School Organization teacher training and assessment, practical guidance to improve the ability of teachers; organization of industry, college students are skills certification and assessment, vocational colleges to promote the "double certificates" building.
(C) the school, the enterprise level: the reform of personnel training system, to reduce costs, improve common governance model between schools and enterprises
, schools and businesses supply-side and demand-side as talent, to reform the personnel training system, to reduce costs of cooperation between schools and enterprises, encourage and support students entrepreneurial innovation, improve school-enterprise co-governance model to jointly promote industrial construction of the college.
1. Strengthen training colleges, enterprises, to create "amphibious" teachers. For the teachers involved in the construction industry, college, colleges, enterprises and strengthen training. Government participating countries can take advantage of culture, training and other provinces, companies can also use a variety of ways Dinggang training or overseas training, training a number of good management, good at teaching, research longer than the "amphibious" teachers. Send young teachers directly involved in the operation and management of industrial college, developing a "double" teachers; establish school-enterprise interaction mechanism employed exchange visits, conduct business and enterprise project development engineer with the teacher; absorbing company with extensive front-line experience and management business people the ability to enrich the part-time teachers.
2. To achieve quality teaching resources sharing and build a "three-tier" curriculum system. First, to achieve high-quality teaching resources sharing, the establishment of a professional group teaching resource library. Use of network information resources, online open courses in the professional construction industry professional core group of college courses, to achieve professional group of high-quality teaching resources open campus, school-enterprise sharing. Strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, based on professional teaching standards and job standards, teachers and technical personnel of enterprises to build a repository and develop school-enterprise cooperation teaching curriculum professional group. Teaching Resource Library includes curriculum standards, electronic lesson plans, courseware, production and real-world examples, integrated practice projects, Exercises, test database and other resources. Meanwhile, learning resources, technical resources and services resource library of teaching resources, providing technical support. In addition, regular maintenance of learning resources, teaching resources to ensure the continued growth and advancement resources to meet the needs of teaching and technology development needs.
Second, a curriculum system construction, "three." The use of common industry professional college professional groups included, the bottom platform course, the middle set curriculum, high-rise set elect courses. To institute the same way, for example, with the way college students based tourism management, marketing, e-commerce three professional. The main platform set curriculum management, economics and business administration and other basic foundation courses, professional courses to the professional main courses based, high-level courses in order to expand the main courses. Establish a "three-tier" system of curriculum, highlighting both the professional advantages, it can also enhance students' comprehensive quality training. Give full play to the role of the Steering Committee for by corporate senior engineers and professional teachers consisting of an annual formulation of recommendations to revise and improve the teaching programs of the industrial institute, to grasp the professional development, to address the teaching process problems, optimize curriculum system, improve teaching management. Third, to strengthen the promotion and application of digital teaching resources. Mechanisms to build applications of digital resources teachers improve the teaching of college industry to meet the historic challenges and opportunities "Internet + Education" will bring. Teaching platform Internet courses, online courses construction, mobile information Teaching. Internet teaching platform should have a supplementary secondary school curriculum, the learning process tracking, the latest push resources, interactive teaching, learning evaluation, works display and other functions. Organize teachers to participate in the provincial contest and micro-class Instructional Design Competition, improve teacher education informatization level.
3. To improve co-governance model of school-enterprise, reduce operating costs Industry Institute. According to the common objective interests of the Community College of the industry, improve common governance model between schools and enterprises, reduce industrial college operating costs. Specific measures include: giving some industry institute an independent administrative authority, the director responsibility system under the leadership of the board, to achieve school-enterprise joint decision-making, shared governance, teacher Employment for each other, intra-industry college courses in accordance with the development needs of industry and business decisions. Schools and enterprises to build cultural community through a series of policy measures to make schools and enterprises, "you have me, I have you", and ultimately the community model.
(D) student level: entrepreneurship incubator building in the industrial college, reduce brain drain
1. innovation and entrepreneurship Steering Committee was established to coordinate the work of innovation and entrepreneurship. Industry Institute to strengthen the awareness of the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship education, innovation and entrepreneurship established steering committee hired success and alumni, business managers, business experts as mentors, provide strong support for student innovation and entrepreneurship activities. Construction of innovative teaching and research team, hire business experts to guide students to innovation and entrepreneurship, to encourage teachers to absorb the students to participate in scientific research. Students are encouraged to set up innovation and entrepreneurship interest groups, as whizzes, there are students interested in entrepreneurship to create favorable conditions to support and encourage terms instructor, location, funding, activities and so on.
2. the integration of personnel training programs, innovative entrepreneurship courses into the required courses. Actively promote the reform of personnel training programs, the innovation and entrepreneurship education into professional education, raise social awareness level of the students. Students actively participate in the education sector and business organizations of industry innovation and entrepreneurship competition, training students practical ability. The innovation and entrepreneurship into the curriculum required courses, to strengthen the construction of teaching materials innovation and entrepreneurship, the personnel training programs, course content, curriculum organic integration.
3. campus business incubator as the basis, to encourage students to business practices. To institute intra-industry business incubator as the basis, to encourage students to try to create a company. Students Suzhou Industrial Park Vocational Technical College Business School's cross-border electricity from entering the industry began to college, the instructor will guide each student in the sell-speed pass set up their own shop on the platform. College students in the industry to not only learn the theoretical knowledge, also conducted business practice, laid the foundation for their future business.
4. improve the quality of university student innovative practice activities, perfect protection mechanism. For the current practices of innovation and entrepreneurship, innovation and entrepreneurship, including teaching, innovation and entrepreneurial skills competition, innovation and entrepreneurial base construction, etc., should ensure the quality, innovation and entrepreneurship students practical ability. Each year the best students to participate in university students in Jiangsu Province innovative practical projects to enhance learning and exchange among institutions. Business Forum held regularly and entrepreneurship competition, to provide business guidance services to students. Increase funding and improve the evaluation system, the establishment of innovation and entrepreneurship education quality tracking mechanism, the future success rate of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial quality evaluation as an important indicator of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
Nineteenth Party Report states that "the construction of engineering education is the basis of power of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must put priority on education, speed up the modernization of education, good people satisfied with the education." We need the government, industries and enterprises, schools work together to promote multi-body joint schools, deepen education reform, improve the quality of education, which is conducive to the harmony of economic and social benefits, to better meet the masses demand a good education .
