Rui comment Abstract : innovative organization for Chinese success of the moment, whether it is Alibaba, Huawei, Haier or Korean homes have clothes, we can grasp a trend, decision-making mechanism that competitive companies, are the original basically rely on judgment and decision of the top leadership team into a drive, play a team the way of wisdom. So in the future, human capital incentive in addition to material incentives, interests, and more importantly the status of incentives, including reasonable authorization and the relevant functional departments of the inverted pyramid structure of organizational change. In addition to the large strategic direction, decision-making daily front-line business is business itself is done by the team, this area will be an effective decentralization of human capital incentive.
Alibaba has achieved great success, why would keep organizational change? And every year, once a structure adjustment, every few years will be a large-scale organizational change, such as "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" mode is a wide range of recent organizational change. Ali is what makes great risk willing to constantly adjust and change the organizational structure? The purpose of "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" organizational change, what is? What is merit? This article will be in-depth analysis.
First, what is the "big -Taiwan -hour reception" mode?
Ali implementation of "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" mode is intended to tackle with the business development and growth, internal departments increasingly bloated, content fierce competition, and the company's overall iterative slow, the problem of insufficient flexibility. Lets take a front desk front-line business, is close to the end-user / merchant's business, including retail electricity business, advertising, cloud computing, logistics and other innovative services such as more agile, more quickly adapt to the changing market; in Taiwan set of refining the various business lines of common needs, and those playing a component-based resources / capability package, and then provided to the front desk business units in the form of interface, so you can maximize avoid the problem of "repeat-create the wheel", but also for each reception services form a strong fire support to help them quickly captured target. Let each new front office innovation can the true sense of "standing on the shoulders of this giant Alibaba" rather than a time to open up a new business is like building a new start-up companies so difficult, even more difficult.
Second, Ali architecture and history of the origin of "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" mode;
(A) Ali architecture history of the organization;
Ali will have nearly a year to adjust the organizational framework, every few years there will be a wide range of adjustments, not to mention conventional adjustment, relatively few large-scale adjustment as follows:
2012 July 23, Alibaba Group's business structure and organizational adjustments are made from the subsidiary system for the business group system, the establishment of Taobao, a scouring, Lynx, together cost-effective, Ali international business, Ali Small Business and Ali clouds of seven business groups.
January 10, 2013, Alibaba Group's business structure and organization will be adjusted, the establishment of 25 Division, Business Development Division will be responsible for specific business unit by the president (general manager). The new system consists of strategic decision-making committee (the responsibility of the Board of Directors) and the Executive Committee of strategic management (the responsibility of the CEO).
December 7, 2015, took over as CEO in the first year, Zhang Yong on Ali made a major strategic significance organizational restructuring, will have 30,000 employees at the time of Ali adjustment from the traditional tree-like structure is in line with the mobile Internet era grid.
2015. Alibaba to specific business segments for nine categories, and each piece of business has been very clear subdivision, a total of 25 Division under the Ministry are undertaken by the President 9 Division. This time, more traditional organizational structure is a tree structure.
2015 After the adjustment, Alibaba's organizational structure is no longer a traditional tree structure, and become a network structure. The 25 Division before breakdown disrupted, depending on the business will be able to provide support for some of the underlying technology, data is integrated into line of business sector "large and medium Taiwan", to provide a unified support and assistance to business lines.
(B) Ali Baba "big -Taiwan origin of the small reception" of;
There are two versions about its origins unofficial, the two versions are neither acknowledged Ali, did not deny that sometimes get them out and Ali examples:
A version is said that the model derived from the US military's "special forces (small foreground) + carrier Jianqun (Dazhong Taiwan)" mode, Special Forces (small foreground) Special Forces only a dozen or even several people composed of front-line battlefield, quick decisions based on the actual situation, and guide precision strike. The precision strike missiles tend to be from the aircraft carrier Jianqun (medium and large units) emitted out of the rear of the investigation will provide a strong fire logistical support.
Another version, said to be originated in Ma a business visit in 2015. Is located in Helsinki, Finland Supercell mobile gaming company claims to be the world's most successful mobile game company. Supercell is a typical game development company with a small team mode. Every few employees to form an independent development team, called the cell. Team to decide what kind of product, then the fastest developed and introduced, to observe the market feedback. Feedback is not quickly give up. With this development model, making Supercell developed games accounted for most of the country's game list. And why Supercell can accomplish this feat yet. This is because Supercell after six years in the game development process common, generic game development material, algorithms do a good precipitation, corporate culture also encourages employees to fully innovate, trial and error. After years of research and development in the game, Supercell has accumulated a scientific research method and system to build a very strong in Taiwan. Because of this, so that today the company can support a small team of a few people will be able to develop a new game in a few weeks time.
Third, the "Taiwan small and medium-sized foreground" mode Detailed;
Alibaba mainly by business in Taiwan and numbers in the table side by side constitute a double -Taiwan , we have taken up all the front-office side by side;
(A) business in Taiwan - to achieve the back-end business transformation resources to the foreground-to-use capabilities. Its more of a support to the business, such as customer information, organizational information, product information, all of which come from a particular system, and each supporting multiple systems business. When various systems related needs, need to re-develop. The role of business in Taiwan is eliminating the need for the development, acquisition-related functions directly from Taiwan.
(B) the data in the table - the use of various types of data acquisition, data processing, acquisition analysis, and then provided to the business units to use. Data sets of data from various business systems or data lake, active data, linked data, processed data (data already collated theme, algorithms, models), and then provided to the business units to use. To recommend shopping site, for example, the data provided in the table algorithm based on data and business results-based algorithms, support association recommended.
Is different from search, social systems, e-commerce, service features pay determines must have a high stability and reliability. When users use a search engine, even if it lost the general search results may not have noticed. But in the electricity business scenario, every order, every state, every payment can not be the slightest mistake.
We can say that the history of Ali Baba 19 years of technological development is the history of the development of Internet technology architecture. Based on the "double 11" Other companies do not have this big scene as the starting point, experienced a period: 1, directly in line to buy the software; 2, "IOE architecture" on tall; 3, to embrace open source technology and self-development , output Alibaba technological innovation practice; 4, to provide technical services stage by Ali cloud outside.
At first, gather cost-effective service from a proposal to on-line only took one and a half months, invested more than 10 employees, including design, operation and development. Later, Alibaba's station architecture has spawned nails, Flying Pig, word of mouth and a series of innovative services.
In addition, with the "double 11" scene data sets gradually precipitated a lot of strong middleware products, so that the data sets become profit centers from cost centers : enterprise distributed application services EDAS, distributed database and messaging services DRDS MQ the whole constitutes a PaaS layer , and then sold to business needs by Ali cloud the window, deployed to the company's own computer room, constitute a private cloud; or deployed directly to the public cloud. Cross-sectoral interoperability traditional enterprises "chimney" of the IT infrastructure can be achieved through this data center PaaS layer.
Ali middleware chief architect, said Zhong Hua, such as Bosideng clothing enterprises are the smallest customers Ali middleware products, is now more cooperation in the petrochemical, construction of three, Shenzhen Expressway and other large enterprises like, tell them in Taiwan thinking. A trend, engineering, construction and other large industrial enterprises belong to the second influx of customers is rapidly extending from the consumer Internet into the Internet industry.
In short, business in Taiwan and the data in the table , complement each other, support each other, to build together played a strong battle group behind the fire.
(C) As an example look at Da -Taiwan mode of operation with a small reception:
War is cruel, we are opposed to the war, the war should not be the main theme of the world, but some of the strategies and tactics of war is worth learning from the operation and management of enterprises. Now that the pattern was derived from the US military's "special forces aircraft carrier Jianqun +" mode, then use the relevant case point of view, as "barbaric growth" in the statement:
Now all countries are increasing special forces, the reduction of conventional armed forces. Special forces and increased focus on information warfare and psychological operations forces troops. After the increase, its costs and benefits of what will happen then? Simply put, it is a large backstage small front-end: 70% of the money used to find the target, 30% of the money on direct destroy targets. The front organization to become all-powerful, back-end system becomes support forces. Former front-line commander can not command the artillery, the division headquarters to report request support, division artillery command his men only fired; now supports super power systems, front-end full-featured, special soldiers an e-mail artillery on the opening play. Where troops, the position of each player, the commander in chief in command of the screen display very accurate. Settlement of the Afghan Taliban's hard to imagine that only 123 people in the special forces, threesomes, each support system is $ 50 million. A three-person team, including information and intelligence expert, a fire bomb expert, a battle of experts, they know each other a little bit the other side of the field, emergency rescue, dressing, etc. are trained. We look at its costs and benefits of change. The cost of past wars is mainly used in ammunition, killing him, bombing targets low coefficient of success, 70% of the cost of waste, 30% of the money right on target. Now the use of cruise missiles, targeting 70% of the cost of looking for the goal, the satellite class, 30% of the cost of dynamite. Under the present conditions of war, looking for a target to increase the cost, less direct costs for the enemy.
The three men how combat it? Northern Alliance initially very skeptical. Special Forces people say that you will soon be able to see our strength, plans to equip the next day a group. Northern Alliance people are stupid, the heart that how to get this ah! Special soldiers took out the laptop, people began to enter height, weight, equipped with uniforms, shoes, cap, guns ...... an e-mail sent, the global supply chain began to mobilize. The next afternoon, a variety of materials through direct investment down the aircraft. After good equipment, the Northern Alliance who was walking behind, in front of the Taliban army shelter valley. Special Forces come up with an infrared scanner, use the "death ray" find, lock the target. If there are 400 people, he calculates the number of the corresponding match bombs. Bomb lethality is not too little, too much waste and cost, and Flesh international bad influence. Finally, choose a bomb, they can basically suffocated, and keep the corpse intact. The bombs also clear the costs calculated, according to the US headquarters accounting information war funding. Buddy child listening to music on the plane already was getting impatient, receive e-mail, enter the parameter coordinate the war, after a few seconds of quiet valley no sound. These heavenly days in the military special forces like the eyes of the Northern Alliance will immediately be sacrosanct. Therefore, the cost of modern warfare is precisely calculated, the front desk is all-powerful, mainly by a strong support system to ensure effective use of resources to the war, more ethics of war.
It should be said that this is a very efficient way to use resources, a small expert team, with the full-featured top technology not bad money rear, wherever they want. In fact, the elimination of internal competition might not have much use, after all, the competition is not just the business sector, technology sector also. The key is flexibility, efficiency and long-term considerations, rear power train adapt to this style of play, will enter a virtuous circle, optimized high-quality rear features than can adapt to globally distributed multi-functional systems of various scenarios, easy to use, rich algorithmic models of the recommendation, search, advertising, data analysis system, not to mention the basic operation and maintenance monitoring platform, beyond these technical systems, as well as public relations, legal, marketing and other full support. The more such a platform of things, the more substantial force behind the front of the elite team can focus on the purpose.
Fourth, the need to overcome the problems and benefits of the reform process mode;
Although this model seems good, certainly worth studying it, but not necessarily suitable for all enterprises, whose operations also need to have certain conditions. Based on the reading and study of large amounts of data, the author shallow opinion as follows:
(A) Ali "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" mode, mainly has the following four advantages;
1, so that businesses can focus attention to the market ;
Ali of "small and medium-sized Taiwan Front" is the original distribution in those sectors to provide the basis for the business technology services that support the business units separate out centralized platform together to form a "medium and large units." Unified reorganization downsizing to the business sector as a main constituent, more flexible "small reception" to provide all the support and help, let the front desk and the business sector more market focused business. This largely avoids the problem of bloated large and various departments within the enterprise, improve organizational acuity to reduce costs, use of resources is a very efficient way. Full-featured top technology is not bad money in Taiwan, can adapt to a variety of scenarios to provide technical support, as well as public relations, legal, marketing and other comprehensive support for the front, so that the foreground business team with fewer resources than before and the time Achieve their goals;
2, the driving strength of the team, for the boss "burden" decision-making and reduce the risk of a single person;
Ali Baba Ali of "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" mode to corporate decision-making powers from the hands of the boss sinking into the hands of the business sector, especially the market for fast-paced change, particularly innovative large enterprise groups: ① strengthen the market-sensitive business people strengthen their dominant value, from the traditional to the decision by the owner of the business decision to become a team, forcing it down front-line operational staff must have decision-making ability of strategic thinking crack, thereby reducing the daily decision-making boss; ② the the core model is "driven organization", the first front office personnel have the ability to grasp the market, assume the functions of judge more markets and business; second support staff more professional and efficient, can provide powerful business support capabilities. Therefore, this mode is also higher requirements for support staff and business units.
3, promote internal collaboration ;
This mode is forced down the front desk and the business sector must learn to support each other in Taiwan collaboration, reducing communication and coordination among the leadership, and Ali rotation mechanism for deepening understanding and trust between front- and middle sectors, It is the key to the achievement of objectives;
4, the market demand for conducting more accurate;
This mode can be avoided to a large extent because the information sector in Taiwan multiple passes ambiguous, and do useful work, in turn, requires the department to the station to meet the needs of the front office, middle office can promote a better understanding of the market and business .
(B) Ali in the implementation of the "big -Taiwan -hour reception" mode in the process, may also encounter some problems to overcome;
1, enterprises can break the existing mechanisms and the interests of traditional values;
Enterprise development to a certain body mass, it will form a fixed interest mechanism and concept of operations, the formation of corporate comfort zone. Break the rules inherent in the interests of the mechanism, management philosophy, out of the comfort zone, Ali is the key to the success of the reform.
2, enterprise soul if there is enough prestige and courage to balance the interests of all parties;
Alibaba has been able to successfully implement this model, it is because in the beginning it Ma continued success at the same time, gave the team brought great gains. For example, he will begin to profit Haibo translation agency to take care of their students, she was alone out second venture; leave the Chinese Yellow Pages, will own 21% of the shares of Chinese Yellow Pages, he gave full want to stay entrepreneurs with employees. It is also his generosity, unique personal charm and previous business can be successful, let him have his willing to sacrifice their lives in the 18 core team members to follow when creating Ali so far. It was he who always supported Ali absolute prestige and 18 core team members, only to Ali in the reform, the interests of all parties can be balanced so that the smooth implementation mode.
3, "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" the quality of personnel on the front line of combat troops of the front desk demanding ;
As mentioned earlier the US team that includes a front-line combat information and intelligence expert, as a fire bomb expert, a battle of experts, expert team. Ali, as it has been successful, the brand to attract top talent around the world to work for its special forces to become the front desk, to make the smooth implementation of this model. If the whole team is trash, middle firepower another strong it is. So Ali This mode is more suitable for those brands is very strong, able to attract excellent human capital for individuals working in the enterprise.
4. "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" of the station the ability to support the requirements are high;
Taiwan has more than enough in the professional sense of service and have full knowledge of the business, for the reception combat troops can accurately and efficiently, providing basic combat equipment and support forces such as fire support system.
5, how to solve the puzzles employee career planning;
This mode of course, high output, but make an inappropriate analogy, it is like a pipeline, although yields go up, but for the employees, but not the full development, but also affect the future of their own future. After Ali "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" mode implementation, is also faced with this problem, the desk staff, the whole business is not really strong sense of achievement, technical sense of strong precipitation , but once into the high P, their ideas and for global ability to control weak, difficult to find in the next stage of extension points, due to ignorance needs. Front-end staff and strong business sense of achievement, but not deep enough precipitation technology , the business itself changes more quickly, it is very clear that the business value brought by the technical team, or bring operations and products.
So here, Ali's rotation system played a key role :
Ali Baba is in full rotation, not just for managers, employees often rotation, which with the development of culture and business Alibaba has a great relationship. For example, an employee or manager of the original Taobao, after working for a period of time, Alipay lack of people, he can be able to pay Bora transferred to do, it's a bit passive rotation means.
In addition, Ali also be offered to employees of rotation required. Alibaba inside there is a rule, is in this position for two years employees can apply to the reorientation proposed supervisor, after application through, as long as the goal posts of the division are willing to receive, you can turn over. Also, whether employees or managers, five years after the work is not required to apply, as long as the goal posts of the division are willing to receive, you can reorientation, he just keep up the superior play hello on the line, but can not stay higher not to the card.
Of course, not all jobs can be done round. For example, let HR do technical, administrative or make do finance, these positions are highly specialized, and still have to recruit professionals to engage. By rotation, in addition to the ability to exercise a real person from the practice, but also that a person is promoted to lay a solid foundation. For example, Peng Lei, a teacher in itself is born, there is no HR background, by constantly do become experts in the field of labor, then did CPO in the HR pathway, then they do cross-border CEO ants gold dress, this rotation she makes the experience of the management of the whole group, there are very solid cultural, multi-faceted understanding and practice, of course, for the promotion of the foundation.
All in all, Ali "small and medium-sized Taiwan foreground" model core function is to avoid bureaucratic congestion information transmission errors, department walls and walls and other large business enterprises disease, breaking the management and decision-making bureaucracy in things by boss the mechanism, and fully mobilize the initiative and support of the business sector.
V. Experts
Human capital experts, Nanjing University professor of human resource industry, Dr. success Human Resources Group Chairman Lin Wei Xing said:
1, for China innovative organizational success of the moment, whether it is Alibaba, Huawei, Haier or Korean homes have clothes, we can grasp a trend, decision-making mechanism that competitive companies, are basically rely on the original judgment and decision of the top leadership team into a drive, play a team the way of wisdom. So in the future, human capital incentive in addition to material incentives, interests, and more importantly the status of incentives, including reasonable authorization and the relevant functional departments of the inverted pyramid structure of organizational change. In addition to the large strategic direction, decision-making daily front-line business is business itself is done by the team, this area will be an effective decentralization of human capital incentive;
2, of course, for large enterprises, due to the large number of people, not an emphasis on flat and decentralization. It authorized the same time, in addition to basic business auditing and monitoring system to protect the team's personal qualities also become crucial, otherwise it will fall into "one will die, and disorder," the vicious circle. Therefore, the company's core talent selection of new members should also pay greater attention to pay more attention to elements of skill and moral elements of business ethics, professional ethics, and moral capital and skills will be the same as the next two core standard measure of the value of individual human capital, ability and political integrity of traditional Chinese employment standards should once again become the mainstream;
3. Conversely, from the development path of these fully competitive industry leader in terms of future human capital individuals, we must have team spirit, more importantly, should also have a strong sense of sovereignty, have active thinking, active judge creativity and initiative. Human capital individuals who have the ability to create self-judgment and initiative will be more welcome. From the human capital investment in terms of both internal school education or training should focus on human capital individuals to play an active human capital psychological elements in cultivating the spirit of creativity, judgment and other characterized. Therefore, in addition to the knowledge, skills and moral capital, active, full of pioneering spirit of psychological factors will also become crucial. Criteria of quality human capital, will also become more comprehensive and reasonable. (Text / Dinglong Chang peripheral station)
