2019 gradually coming to an end, but also a summary and outlook of the moment

 2019 gradually coming to an end, but also a summary and outlook of the moment.

The line for many years, along the way to see the product manager who has been around a variety of confusion, close-up a practice guide that provides some reference 2020 practice.

Do you also had this confusion:

Program ape who said, "This demand is technically can not do," Zaban? In addition to their estimates seem to feel special do not fly, but I just mouth they say "U can U up", seconds counseling ...... all sides of the business needs to mention over, right hype, know how to do it there is no use? Some business declined to a noisy, also looking for leadership, how to do? Some demand is totally inconsistent with the principles of my products, such as digging plugs everywhere advertising plus marketing resource site, but said that in order to complete the business, I want to finish without responsible, how to break? Everyone loves to find fault with the product, all of them are specialists, especially the boss is particularly good serve. Often hear "This product really bad, dragging the hind legs of business," the voice, but never seems to hear "This product really cattle, our business are driven by product." Under the vain days (business) touching the ground (technology), the technology being tested hate hate hate is hate to be business owners, known as a professional scapegoat Man product manager, how do you make everyone agree? I do the product, taking a closer look as if the Friends do are similar, how to make a popular and practical innovation? And business value of technology is not difficult to measure, then the value of the product manager, in the end how to measure it? On the demand painted prototype, see how cattle? My product solutions, in the end of business success played a big role in it? Are meeting every day to talk about needs, wrote the document through, busy doing things almost every day, it seems not see much improvement that later how to continue to improve myself? Product manager is not the young rice to eat? Watching their becoming greasy middle-aged uncle, just graduated xiaonianqing waves rushed over, to carry the can stay up all night playing the new stuff, how do we senior product? ...... these problems every day, linger in the mind - Product Manager, as if the world is to do the hardest work.

In fact, I do not look the years has worked on the head of the technical department, sales department and product department positions, but in fact I also plagued by these problems.

I can responsibly say that if a product director said he did not complete these problems, high probability bragging, but the larger the company, the more prominent of these problems. Although you can use management theory looks quite like to give an answer, actually not really solve these problems.

How to do that?

Self-cultivation!

Product manager, you first need to practice out of a strong heart.

Him by his strong strong breeze brush hills. Product Manager tough heart, can do is to ignore pressure from all sides, shielding interference and noise, cool independently of the company's business model, the customer pain points, positioning itself and memories points clear and thorough thinking, find product solutions, and firmly carried out. This is the fundamental force of the product, itself derived from the threshold value, confidence, familiarity with the industry and business insight to customers, as well as strong product thinking and data analysis capabilities.

Now, in conjunction with the lessons and experience of my years, product manager for self-cultivation, cultivation gives eight recommendations, hoping to help you to better enhance the internal strength in 2020.

First, we have skills outside of the product

As a comprehensive job, product manager has butted in all directions, there is a high degree of communication, coordination and decision-making. Has a powerful professional skills outside of a product, it will be very helpful.

For example, a strong technical background, can quickly determine the technical feasibility of the program, smooth communication and research and development, to make products smooth landing; understand the business proposed product solutions effectively support the business through extensive business experience, and efficient communication and business teams to control demand ; familiar with the market or sales, industry insight, it can be based on a deep understanding of the market and target consumers, to create a strong marketing ability to communicate converted excellent product.

After all, the nature of the product, the company is the integration capabilities provide a stage for the business, and let cool to the customer.

Many graduates want to do after graduation products, or did not do in their posts long wanted to turn the product. Personally, I think, may wish to take accumulation, the establishment do a good product manager skills threshold.

This is much like the manager, if management department manager who just graduated do, in fact, very difficult to make the team really convinced, will go through a more lengthy and embarrassing inability to process. Just graduated seen a lot of products do very good young man, but I feel their self-doubt really long day.

Of course, if you already are, and that we continue to look down.

Second, insight into human nature

I initially made product, the main thought is that the interface does not look good, the layout is reasonable, flow along the flow, and how to do business faster can help out the data. And then to the back, again and again through product analysis and transformation, we see a lot of major design errors are due to the lack of depth insight into user psychology, subconscious and usage scenarios, or fall into the "I'm a typical user" errors.

I feel more and more strongly to the C-terminal product color, we must grasp the depth based on user psychology, and even profound interpretation of human nature to design more attractive product. Users find the psychological demands of nature, it is a key product.

Human nature: product leveraging point

Heard of multi-period within the Framework of the open class, the core is talking about human nature behind the product: Why Apple phone and toilet button only one button users will cool, how to convince the table sister install micro letter in the micro letter freshly baked, why do we shoot the video do spread , human nature does not allow them to love learning how to read, what circle of friends concerned about the psychological nature is ...... in the end, the greatest understanding of key products, is to grasp the depth psychology, insight into human nature.

Product Manager overlooking mortal beings like God, knowing that their desire to develop the rules allow them to operate in accordance with the rules. By your product to satisfy their desires, which is used in the process as you expect to, you know they happen to own evolution, and then you watch next on the list.

Zhang Xiaolong recommended books "out of control", "female origin", has even look at problems in the theory of evolution and ecological dimensions.

Therefore, the continued practice Product Manager, be sure to thoroughly read books of philosophy, psychology and behavioral aspects of users to understand how to think, what kind of habits, how the subconscious govern human behavior and decision-making.

I read a lot of famous products and marketing books, such as "crazy" and "The Tipping Point", "why customers buy," "priceless," "Murphy's Law", "rabble", careful observation of these books essence, the main focus in psychology and human nature; grasp, product or marketing goals easily Watch.

B end product is actually the same, Yaodazaochu a good B-side product and can complete a successful sales and collections, we also need a profound interpretation of human nature.

Primary consulting and sales, enterprise customers are looking to solve the problem. And consulting and sales of old traveler, to see the real appeal is the other decision-makers soul; and this is not normally speak out, even probably not associated with the surface of the problem to be solved.

Third, the observation and interpretation of the macro business environment

Does it sound a little big a little empty?

但如果缺失这个,不但产品方向完全没谱,而且只能基本跟风或瞎做。简单说,这是战略层的思考能力塑造。

在公司常常会听到业务说,别人这么做,所以我们也要这么做。

那么,别人这么做的结果数据好吗?他们的核心客群特征和我们的一致吗?业务定位和我们一样吗?结果是暂时的还是可持续可升级的?背后是哪些核心因素在驱动?

这些人往往知其然而不知其所以然。

具备战略思考能力的人其实非常少,人云亦云盲目跟风之人却很多,而且他们的声音可能会很大。

作为产品经理,需要对商业有自己的解读:

在产业层面,要看到产业核心要素及其发展趋势;在业务层面,要理解自己的商业定位和盈利模式;在顾客层面,看到目标群体(你不可能赢得所有人)的核心诉求到底是什么,出没在哪里,为什么而动心,如何做决策,为什么来,为什么走。大家可以参考我的一篇文章《产品经理的升维思考:从产品,到模式,再到产业》,里面有更深入的论述。

这方面的修炼,大家可以多读一些行业分析和商业环境的书。

我个人比较推荐吴晓波的《激荡、跌宕、浩荡》和《大败局》系列、吴军的《浪潮之巅》这样观察商业环境和产业潮起潮落的书,或者企业发展史如《创京东》、《九败一胜:王兴创业十年》,最好是创始人的自述。时间有限,机会成本宝贵,尽量选择视野和层面高的人写的书,比如黄若的《我看电商》系列。

同时,也可以多读一些行业观察报告和文章。但这个就非常良莠不齐了,要有鉴别力,要看是不是真正在前线听得见枪声的人写的书,作者的视野是点还是面,看的是现象还是本质,也要鉴别里面的数据怎么来的,靠不靠谱。

四、深入理解业务,成为行业专家

产品的责任,就是设计出帮业务获得更高产出的产品。

如果条件具备,我建议产品经理可以跟业务一起工作一段时间,跟着业务去跑跑,甚至去业务部门轮一下岗。深刻理解业务,是做好产品的前提,而不是只是按业务提的需求作工具。透彻掌握了业务的核心逻辑,不但与业务沟通会更顺畅,探讨需求更有把握,也可以作出更符合顾客需求的产品。

以电商为例,几乎所有线上做法都来自线下。我们应该深入了解大卖场、超市、便利店是怎么选址、选品、铺货、管理库存、做营销引导、动线管理,如何建设会员体系,盈利逻辑到底是什么,专注什么KPI,会对线上做法的逻辑和来源有深刻的理解。

业务部门沟通上,和采销部门沟通,理解线上商品的选品、订货补货、定价、促销、退换货逻辑。和物流部门沟通,理解商品的库存管理、分拣打包出库配送全流程。和市场部门沟通,理解品牌宣传怎么投放,流量怎么获得,渠道怎么评估,KOL怎么合作,KPI怎么定。

每年去客服部门做几天客服,接个上百通顾客投诉电话,才能深入理解顾客痛点到底在哪里,程度如何怎么分布。

最重要的是和运营的沟通,产品和运营基本就是一对搭档,手拉手是必须的,毕竟产品搭台,运营唱戏。这个也可以参见前文《产品VS运营,工作专注点有何不同》。

作为产品经理,要深刻理解行业,成为行业专家,单纯的互联网角色迟早会被弱化。互联网本质上不是一个行业,而是一个渠道,一个方式,虽然它对各行各业都产生了深刻的影响和变革,这就是互联网+。

因为兴起到现在的年份不算很久,全新的共性的方式在初期形成了一个行业,有了“互联网公司”的说法。但在未来,每家互联网公司都会回归本质,越来越多地融合线下,回归其垂直领域。比如淘宝京东是零售,美团是生活服务,携程是商旅服务,头条是媒体,滴滴是出行服务等等。

五、建立数据思维

产品有两只眼睛,一只是数据,一只是用研。

好的产品经理,需要具有强大的数据分析能力,能通过数据理解每天线上业务的波动情况,通过数据理解产品的主要问题出在哪里如何优化,通过数据解读业务需求和假设是否成立,通过数据告诉老板他的要求合不合理……数据是解决各类问题的金钥匙。

产品设计是感性驱动,理性执行的;也就是说,通过人性、心理学、行为学,在哲学层面进行主观思考和大胆构想,但最终也要通过数据来证明观点、设置优先级、验证设计合理性,并跟进实际结果。

如果只是停留在主观层面,不但对错难辨,而且也缺乏说服力。同时,频繁做数据复盘,才能清楚地知道产品的问题所在,明确后续发展方向,不断提升自己的产品力。

我在亚马逊的体会,感觉这也是中美产品经理最大的区别所在。美国的产品经理普遍具有特别强烈的数据思维,特别的理性和逻辑,中国的产品经理更加主观。

多看数据,多分析数据,仔细观察与思考,渐渐会找到套路,在脑中逐步建立产品背后的数据模型。要做到这个,也需要阅读一些大数据、统计学方面的书籍。

读过很多这类书,感觉好书其实很少。我个人推荐《网站分析实战——如何以数据驱动决策,提升网站价值》和《首席增长官》,里面谈的数据分析思维方式和案例很有参考价值。

但读书只是指路,自己多看数据多分析数据,通过大量实践建立“分而治之”的思考模型。不要一锅粥地看总体,这很容易被“均值”误导。拆分背后的影响因素,把人分群解读,把阶段分开统计,才能在大量叠加的元素中找到你需要的线索。

获取数据,往往又是困难的。很多产品经理无法在BI部门得到取数排期,甚至平台缺乏数据埋点。可以尝试两个做法:自己学一些SQL,掌握取数技能,自己动手才是最可控的;使用用研方法,通过样本来获取局部数据,可以进而推导全局。

如果无法得到用研支持,可以亲自选一批典型用户打电话或面谈深访做调研,掌握一手资料。

六、保持跨行业交流,结交高势能群体

通过产品经理大会或公众号,我得以结识了很多产品经理。他们常跟我交流产品问题和困惑,我也受益匪浅。

因为在一个特定的环境下工作,针对具体的业务和特定的顾客,产品思维难免会偏窄。通过跨行业、跨公司的交流,可以看到其它公司面对什么样的问题,如何思考,用什么方式进行尝试,结果如何,有什么经验教训。

这可以帮助我们迅速理解情况,打开视野,横向的经验积累也骤然加速。

我曾常带我的产品团队去拜访其它公司的产品部,做深入交流。比如,在负责1号店首页改版项目时,我就多次带队和京东首页产品团队深入交流,理解他们怎么设计KPI,有些什么样的痛点,如何确立思路,怎么衡量首页成效;再到后来成为一家人,沟通就更加频繁深入。

交流过程中,我也看到产品经理们有的非常好奇,仔细地听,不停地问,不但学到了很多东西,产品思维迅速成长;同时也积累了更广的人脉,获得了更多职业发展机会。

所谓高势能群体,就是牛人,或者做很牛事情的人。我曾有一个阶段认识了很多VC(投资人),跟他们聊多了,会不断学习他们的视野、思路和着眼点的差异,进而带动自己视野和格局的快速提升。和其它公司的资深产品或高层交流,也会看到很多更高层面的思路,对提升很有帮助。

但我知道大家的痛点,人都多少有些势利,初级同学和行业资深产品沟通,对方的沟通兴趣可能不大,因为对他们没有多少帮助(其实不然)。

常碰到的情况,就是更高层级的不爱理自己,自己又不太爱理低一些层级的。但无论如何,主动、好学、好思考、好问会对成长有很大帮助。

不过,近年来知识付费兴起,真的缺乏渠道接触牛人,花些钱总可以了。但是要记得,只是变现做得早不代表真牛,仔细挑选你想跟什么样的人学习,珍惜机会成本。

七、多读书,持续学习,深度总结

看过一个统计,刚毕业的学生,一年可以读十几本书;毕业三到五年,一年读五六本书;毕业七八年,一年才读一两本书。

写这篇文章时我上网查了下,数据显示中国人人均一年读书7.86本,看起来大家好像爱读书了。我又查了另一个数据,数字阅读增长的主要是大众阅读,专业阅读占比不足10%,纸书占阅读市场24%,占比应该接近。

所以,可以理解为人均一年读一本专业书。

从专业内容阅读来说,很多人会把越来越多的阅读时间花在碎片化良莠不齐的文章上。

近年来,听书渐渐兴起,包括“得到”之类的知识变现App和在线课堂特别流行。我个人感觉,这就像电影和连续剧的差别,哪怕是名家名作,电影只能给一个很简单的剧情,开始到高潮到结束都在短时间完成。但连续剧可以深度展开,从人物刻画细腻度、剧情复杂度、场景设计规模上,远远超越电影。

同样,一本书可以体系化地结合大量案例深入讲述一个理论知识及其前因后果,而一篇文章则只能说一件事还浅尝辄止。

我写公众号文章,感觉要把一个点讲清楚,动辄就五千一万字,心里不断提醒自己:别写了,读者已经不要看了,文章跳失率在不断增加了……

所以,要真心学好产品,还是建议多读书,读好书。

很多同学觉得读书好像真的没时间,互联网公司那么忙,整天996,回家已经累得精疲力尽,勉强拿起书也看不进去。

我也曾有同感,但真想做的事,总有办法解决。

以前我常一两点睡觉,七点多起床收拾收拾匆匆吃了早饭就要上班了,下了班常常又晚又累,工作日实在没时间读书。只能借助周六日上午,不睡懒觉,读两个上午书,其实一年下来也能看掉很多书。

后来,有次去美国出差,回来时差让我晚上很早就困了,早上却四五点钟就醒了。我一想,干脆借这个时差改生活习惯。

于是,我晚上十一点就睡了,早上五点多起来读书,可以读整整两小时,平均一周可以读完一两本好书,还能做非常细致的读书笔记。早上安静不受打扰,刚睡醒思维又特别快,是读书的黄金时间。

而且,我还特别喜欢在窗前读书时看着天空从一片漆黑到晨曦微露,再到红日初升的感觉。

我有个同事,有非常良好的午餐读书习惯。他常常中午叫外卖,坐在座位上一边吃一边读书,每天固定读一个小时,完全没有耽误工作和生活,读书进展也非常快。

所以,再忙再累,办法其实总是有的。

如果你实在觉得,早上真起不来,晚上累了一天想休息休息,周末好多事情要做,累了一周也想玩儿一下。那么,再反思下,你其实并不想读书。

关于怎么选书,不要看电商网站上的好评率,更别看那些书前的推荐,推荐人越多的,作者越不自信,得依赖他人背书。

我的习惯是这样:

找牛人作品,像俞军、周鸿祎、刘强东(口述)、黄若、吴晓波这些人的书;找业内影响力比较大的著名书籍;看豆瓣上更专业的书评。读书时,细致地记好笔记,一方面可以梳理和总结内容,真正消化掉,另一方面未来可以随时拿起来快速复习。更重要的是,要不断联系实际思考,学以致用,随时给自己的工作找到思路,实践书中提到的方法。

八、不忘初心,拥抱情怀,大胆创新

产品经理是一个用科学方法研究复杂且非科学的人性,并转化为可执行的商业方案的实践验证学科。

一个好的产品经理,一定要是一个具备人文逻辑的人,拥有批判性思维,能理解人和世界。最好拥有丰富的心理学、经济学、文史哲艺等方面的知识,能够理解世界的多样性。

关于人文逻辑的学习,从小学到大学,中国大环境总的来说是缺乏人文教育的,包括逻辑思考、对人性的理解、批判性思维、艺术修养等。

目前,中国产品经理的来源,主要还是理工科背景的人。中国的优秀产品经理对于需求、体验、竞争、增长的理解,是胜过美国产品经理的。但是,在产品经理的人才综合素质、人文逻辑培养、方法论输出能力等方面,美国有一定优势。

作为人类最伟大的产品经理,乔布斯曾说,他站在“科技和人文的交叉口”。

所以,多积累人文知识,培养情怀,拥抱初心,是作出有灵魂的产品的一个关键。

乔布斯演讲

怎么做呢?

除了如前文所说,多读一些哲学、心理学、人文类的书籍,也可以借鉴艺术和设计团队的“采风”这样的形式。

我在几个公司曾带过专业编辑、UED设计师这样的团队,看到他们常会出去找一些自然风景优美的地方,或者古色古香的特色建筑,或者去看艺术品展览,通过静心感受和聆听大自然的声音,或者观赏伟大的人文艺术作品,来激发创作灵感。

产品经理可以以同样的方式,来找到自己的产品灵感。

我曾有几年每年都会独自去漠河北极村,在黑龙江畔仅有的建筑——水质监测站住上三周。每天坐在阳台上,看着脚下静静流淌的清澈的黑龙江水发呆,或眺望着对岸俄罗斯的青山翠谷,夜晚(只有两小时)仰望漫天的繁星。

这远离尘世的三周,是我最思如泉涌的三周,具有强大的灵感和思维活跃度,会得到很多在忙碌疲惫的大城市所无法获得的创造力。

漠河北极村黑龙江

总结

最后,我们再回到文章开头提出的五个问题:

1. 被程序猿怼

产品必须尊重研发对于技术的判断,但产品经理必须过问细节,需要管理产品进度与实施风险。

有质疑,不妨深入细节做进一步的沟通,了解问题具体出在哪里,那个细节功能不可行,为什么。不要离得远远的或知难而退,久而久之,会有更好的技术判断力。

2. 被业务牵着鼻子走

首先,以自己对公司定位、行业做法、顾客诉求的理解对业务需求进行思考。

在此基础上与业务沟通,真正明了需求如何衡量价值,进一步考虑会对全局产生什么影响,会不会有体验问题,从更高层面判断需求和理性,进行决策;而不是在局部微观层面做争论,会更有力量。

3. 四面八方都在提产品建议,功能迭代受到高度干扰

首先,保持一个开放的心态听取意见,但那些都只是输入,不是决策。产品是自己的孩子,要自己生,不能靠隔壁老王。

但有一个特殊角色,就是老板,会在更高层面对自己的工作结果负责,可能的话尽量听取。但要深入理解他是要解决什么问题,不能产品理想主义;真的觉得不合理,通过数据分析,尽量用数据说话。

4. 产品价值衡量

每个产品都必须要有明确的北极星指标,避免盲目做自己感觉“好”的产品。在产品上线前设置目标,上线后通过AB测试跟进效果。这样,产品的价值就可以被清晰地评估出来,同时也会更好地指明后面的方向。

5. 产品经理如何成长

产品经理是最能得到全方位能力培养的岗位,作出一批优秀的产品,成为某个行业的专家,精通业务与用户,还用担心未来的发展吗?优秀的产品经理,天地一片广阔。

当然,我建议垂直领域尽量保持一致,产品经理成长到中高阶,对行业和用户的深度理解是关键。

近期很多文章说2019令人失望,没多少创新和突破。但在我看来,互联网只是更加成熟了,野蛮生长跑马圈地的时代渐渐结束,泡沫在消亡,商业伦理和经济逻辑重新回归。

疾风知劲草,优秀的产品经理,会有更加广阔而健康的舞台。

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Origin www.cnblogs.com/light-zhang/p/12129400.html